Anoectochilus emeiensis K. Y. Lang, together with other Anoectochilus species, has long been used as the main source of many traditional Chinese medicines. Owing to the shortcomings of molecular ...markers, the study of the genetic diversity and medicinal component synthesis mechanism of the endemic Anoectochilus species has been delayed. In this study, I carried out a transcriptome analysis of A. emeiensis. A total of 78,381 unigenes were assembled from 64.2 million reads, and 47,541 (60.65%) unigenes were matched to known proteins in the public databases. Then, 9284 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified, and the frequency of SSRs in the A. emeiensis transcriptome was 9.88%. Trinucleotide repeats (3699, 39.84%) were the most common type, followed by dinucleotide (3251, 35.02%) and mononucleotide (1750, 18.85%) repeats. Based on the SSR sequence, 6683 primer pairs were successfully designed, 40 primer pairs were randomly selected, and 10 primer pairs were identified as polymorphic loci from 186 individuals of A. emeiensis. The EST-SSR markers examined in this study will be informative for future population genetic studies of A. emeiensis.
Anoectochilus emeiensis K. Y. Lang, together with other Anoectochilus species, has long been used as the main source of many traditional Chinese medicines. Owing to the shortcomings of molecular ...markers, the study of the genetic diversity and medicinal component synthesis mechanism of the endemic Anoectochilus species has been delayed. In this study, I carried out a transcriptome analysis of A. emeiensis. A total of 78,381 unigenes were assembled from 64.2 million reads, and 47,541 (60.65%) unigenes were matched to known proteins in the public databases. Then, 9284 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) were identified, and the frequency of SSRs in the A. emeiensis transcriptome was 9.88%. Trinucleotide repeats (3699, 39.84%) were the most common type, followed by dinucleotide (3251, 35.02%) and mononucleotide (1750, 18.85%) repeats. Based on the SSR sequence, 6683 primer pairs were successfully designed, 40 primer pairs were randomly selected, and 10 primer pairs were identified as polymorphic loci from 186 individuals of A. emeiensis. The EST-SSR markers examined in this study will be informative for future population genetic studies of A. emeiensis.
Electroorganic synthesis has recently become a rapidly blossoming research area within the organic synthesis community. It should be noted that electrochemical reaction is always a balanced reaction ...system with two half‐cell reactions‐oxidation and reduction. Most electrochemical strategies, however, typically focus on one of the two sides for the desired transformations. Paired electrolysis has two desirable half reactions running simultaneously, thus maximizing the overall margin of atom and energy economy. Meanwhile, the spatial separation between oxidation and reduction is the essential feature of electrochemistry, offering unique opportunities for the development of redox‐neutral reactions that would otherwise be challenging to accomplish in a conventional reaction flask setting. This review discusses the most recent illustrative examples of paired electrolysis with special emphasis on sequential and convergent processes.
The spatial separation of oxidation and reduction half‐cell reactions is the essential feature of electrochemistry, offering unique opportunities for the development of redox‐neutral transformations that would otherwise be challenging to accomplish in a traditional reaction flask setting. This review discusses the most recent illustrative examples of paired electrolysis with special emphasis on sequential and convergent processes.
Traditional lithium‐ion batteries that are based on layered Li intercalation electrode materials are limited by the intrinsically low theoretical capacities of both electrodes and cannot meet the ...increasing demand for energy. A facile route for the synthesis of a new type of composite nanofibers, namely carbon nanofibers decorated with molybdenum disulfide sheets (CNFs@MoS2), is now reported. A synergistic effect was observed for the two‐component anode, triggering new electrochemical processes for lithium storage, with a persistent oxidation from Mo (or MoS2) to MoS3 in the repeated charge processes, leading to an ascending capacity upon cycling. The composite exhibits unprecedented electrochemical behavior with high specific capacity, good cycling stability, and superior high‐rate capability, suggesting its potential application in high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries.
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) decorated with molybdenum disulfide sheets are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process with low‐cost, biomass‐derived carbonaceous nanofibers as the supports. On reacting with lithium, the nanofibers undergo novel electrochemical processes that are triggered by a synergistic lithium storage effect, leading to enhanced cycling and rate performance of the lithium‐ion battery.
The ability to design nanostructures with arbitrary shapes and controllable motions has made DNA nanomaterials used widely to construct diverse nanomachines with various structures and functions. The ...DNA nanostructures exhibit excellent properties, including programmability, stability, biocompatibility, and can be modified with different functional groups. Among these nanoscale architectures, DNA walker is one of the most popular nanodevices with ingenious design and flexible function. In the past several years, DNA walkers have made amazing progress ranging from structural design to biological applications including constructing biosensors for the detection of cancer‐associated biomarkers. In this review, the key driving forces of DNA walkers are first summarized. Then, the DNA walkers with different numbers of legs are introduced. Furthermore, the biosensing applications of DNA walkers including the detection‐ of nucleic acids, proteins, ions, and bacteria are summarized. Finally, the new frontiers and opportunities for developing DNA walker‐based biosensors are discussed.
In this review, the key forces of driving DNA walkers are summarized. Besides, a variety of DNA walkers with different numbers of legs are discussed. And DNA walkers‐based biosensors are given examples, including nucleic acids biosensors, proteins biosensors, ions biosensors, and bacteria biosensors. Eventually, the challenges and opportunities of developing DNA walker‐based biosensors are discussed.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as an emerging environmental pollutant, have received widespread attention. There are many studies on ARGs in water and soil. However, there are few studies on ...airborne ARGs. We used qPCR to detect 19 ARG subtypes in six atmospheric environments. Among the different atmospheric environments including wastewater treatment plant (fine screens and sludge thickener), bathroom, laboratory, hospital and outdoor, the highest total concentration of ARGs is detected in the haze outdoor (9 × 105 copies/m3), while the lowest is in the bathroom atmosphere (4.2 × 104 copies/m3). Furthermore, β-lactam ARGs are found to be the dominant ARGs in these 6 atmospheric environments. Due to the large number and widespread use of antibiotics, the airborne ARGs in hospital have the highest diversity and equitability. The β-lactam ARGs are significantly positively correlated with sulfonamides ARGs, indicating the mechanism of co-resistance since these two ARGs may be on the same genetic elements and thus simultaneously exhibit both resistances. The network analysis provides potential host information between the airborne ARGs and the coexisted microbial taxa. Sphingomonas and Bradyhizoblum strains presumably host for tetracycline and β-lactam ARGs, respectively. The ADDoutdoor of blaTEM-1 was 7.8 × 105 copies/d/kg, more than the ADD (7.6 × 103 copies/d/kg) of blaTEM-1 by drinking water. We can't ignore ARGs in the atmospheric environments.
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•The total concentration of airborne ARGs is between 104 and 105 copies/m3.•β-Lactam ARGs were found to be the dominant ARGs in these 6 atmospheric environments.•The airborne ARGs in hospital have the highest diversity and equitability.•Sphingomonas strains presumably host for tetracycline ARGs.
PurposeTo provide valuable information for scholars to grasp the current situations, hotspots and future development trends of reliability analysis area.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, ...recent researches on efficient reliability analysis and applications in complex engineering structures like aeroengine rotor systems are reviewd.FindingsThe recent reliability analysis advances of engineering application in aeroengine rotor system are highlighted, it is worth pointing out that the surrogate model methods hold great efficiency and accuracy advantages in the complex reliability analysis of aeroengine rotor system, since its strong computing power can effectively reduce the analysis time consumption and accelerate the development procedures of aeroengine. Moreover, considering the multi-objective, multi-disciplinary, high-dimensionality and time-varying problems are the common problems in various complex engineering fields, the surrogate model methods and its developed methods also have broad application prospects in the future.Originality/valueFor the strong demand for efficient reliability design technique, this review paper may help to highlights the benefits of reliability analysis methods not only in academia but also in practical engineering application like aeroengine rotor system.
Fluorophores with emission in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window have displayed salient advantages for biomedical applications. However, exploration of new luminogens with high NIR‐II ...fluorescent brightness is still challenging. Herein, based on the “ring‐fusion” strategy, a series of heteroatom‐inserted rigid‐planar cores is proposed to achieve the bathochromic NIR‐II fluorophores with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) performance. Interestingly, one of the representative fluorophores, 4,4′‐(5,5′‐(1,2,5thiadiazolo3,4‐idithieno2,3‐a:3′,2′‐cphenazine‐8,12‐diyl)bis(4‐octylthiophene‐5,2‐diyl))bis(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (TTQiT), enjoys a maximum emission beyond 1100 nm because of the efficiently narrowed energy bandgap by electron‐rich sulfur‐atom‐inserted core, which is verified by theoretical calculation. Taking advantage of the bright NIR‐II emission of TTQiT nanoparticles, the desirable in vivo NIR‐II imaging with high signal‐to‐background ratios is successfully performed and a long‐term stem cell tracking in the detection of acute lung injury is further realized. Therefore, it is anticipated that this work will provide a promising molecular engineering strategy to enrich the scope of NIR‐II fluorophores for catering to diverse demands in biomedical applications.
A heteroatom‐inserted electron delocalization (HEED) strategy is facilitated to construct a series of second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorophores. One representative AIEgen (TTQiT) displays a maximum emission wavelength beyond 1100 nm with desirable fluorescent brightness, which is successfully used as the NIR‐IIa cell trackers to dynamically detect the homing of stem cells in mice with acute lung injury.
•A deep learning regression-stratified strategy (DLR-SS) is proposed for the first time.•Deep learning regression model is built by synchronous mapping and error control.•The DLR-SS can address high ...nonlinearity and correlated relationship issues.•A stratified framework for probabilistic CCF damage evaluation is first constructed.•The DLR-SS is validated to hold high accuracy and efficiency in probabilistic CCF damage evaluation.
Probabilistic combined cycle fatigue (CCF) damage evaluation involves complex large-scale simulations of low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage, high cycle fatigue (HCF) damage and cumulative damage. Due to the high nonlinearity of performance function and correlated relationship of LCF/HCF damages, low simulation efficiency will be incurred if the traditional direct evaluation methods are employed, and low computing accuracy will also have appeared if the separate evaluation methods are applied. In response to this problem, a deep learning regression-stratified strategy (DLR-SS) is proposed, which transforms the complex evaluation problem into the stratified sub-evaluation problems: constitutive response sub-evaluation (stress/strain) and life/damage sub-evaluation; in constitutive response sub-evaluation, the synchronous mapping-based deep learning regression (DLR) model is developed to deal with the correlated relationships between constitutive responses; in damage evaluation sub-evaluation, the fatigue life models (Coffin-Manson model, S-N curve, miner cumulative model) are adopted to assess the LCF/HCF/CCF damages. With the dual-level collaborative analysis of DLR-SS, the nonlinearity degree in each level is reduced and the correlated relationships between LCF/HCF are well-considered. By selecting a typical turbine bladed disk with nickel-base alloy GH4133 material as an engineering case, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified. The current efforts of this study will shed a light on high-fidelity probabilistic CCF evaluation.
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