•BEV adoption analysis with 1.6 millon people for 3years travel behavior data is developed.•Human travel mode detection model and travel habit clustering model are proposed.•Diverse consumption ...attitudes are taken into consideration.•A novel weighted vehicle adoption potential metric is introduced.•The detailed advises for policy target response are presented.
With the pressing demand of climate change mitigation, the rapid technological development and market adoption of battery electric vehicles are imperative. However, the diverse consumption attitudes and their interactions, which are rarely considered, can significantly affect the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles. On the basis of three years of global positioning system data of 1.6 million people, we estimated the travel and adoption demands of battery electric vehicles in Japan considering diverse consumption attitudes. Under the current construction conditions for public charging systems and charging technologies, the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles may not be as promising as previously expected, and the government still faces great pressure to respond to the market share target. Given the current level of battery technology, technical and policy improvements such as fast charging, reducing the production cost, perfecting the public charging infrastructure, and increasing purchasing subsidies were found to be more effective than improving the battery capacity at increasing the adoption potential of battery electric vehicles.
The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is an important book in the study of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with the text presenting an integration of the essential TCM practices and ...philosophy in the use and application of Chinese medicine for healthcare. Within the Chinese Health System, TCM provides a balancing and integrating approach to health and the prevention of disease. The book provides the story of human existence, of our relationship to the environment and how ‘balance’ provides us with health and wellbeing in our daily lives. The role of the TCM practitioner is to look for wellness as a way of preventing disease. This paper discusses the key terms of the ‘Dao’, ‘Qi’, ‘Yin’ and ‘Yang’, ‘Ben’ and ‘Biao’ and the essence and role of the elements of fire, water, wood, metal and earth in health and disease prevention. TCM is an integrative approach to health and has many lessons for global health systems.
•Proposing a framework to assess the emission reduction potential of ride-sharing from empirical mobility data.•Proposing a deep learning-based method that shows higher performance than traditional ...simulation method.•Over 1 million historical individual GPS records in Tokyo area are employed for analysis.•We found that averagely 26.97% of traveling distance can be saved and maximally 84.52% of reduction of CO2 emission.
Spreading green and low-consumption transportation methods is becoming an urgent priority. Ride-sharing, which refers to the sharing ofcarjourneys so that more than one person travel in a car, and prevents the need for others to drive to a location themselves, is a critical solution to this issue. Before being introduced into one place, it needs a potential analysis. However, current studies did this kind of analysis based on home and work locations or social ties between people, which is not precise and straight enough. Few pieces of research departed from real mobility data, but uses time-consuming methodology. In this paper, we proposed an analysis framework to bridge this gap. We chose the case study of Tokyo area with over 1 million GPS travel records and trained a deep learning model to find out this potential. From the computation result, on average, nearly 26.97% of travel distance could be saved by ride-sharing, which told us that there is a significant similarity in the travel pattern of people in Tokyo and there is considerable potential of ride-sharing. Moreover, if half of the original public transit riders in our study case adopt ride-sharing, the quantity of CO2 is estimated to be reduced by 84.52%; if all of the original public transit riders in our study case adopt ride-sharing, 83.56% of CO2 emission reduction can be expected with a rebound effect because of increase of participants from public transit. Ride-sharing can not only improve the air quality of these center business districts but also alleviate some city problems like traffic congestion. We believe the analysis of the potential of ride-sharing can provide insight into the decision making of ride-sharing service providers and decision-makers.
Selected gold complexes have been regarded as promising anti‐cancer agents because they can bind with protein targets containing thiol or selenol moieties, but their clinical applications were ...hindered by the unbiased binding towards off‐target thiol‐proteins. Recently, a novel gold(III)‐hydride complex (abbreviated as 1) with visible light‐induced thiol reactivity has been reported as potent photo‐activated anticancer agents (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2020, 132, 11139). To explore new strategies to stimuli this potential antitumor drug, the effect of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) on its geometric structure, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity was systematically investigated. Results reveal that imposing external electric fields along the Au−H bond of 1 can effectively activate this bond, which is conducive to its dissociation and the binding of Au site to potential targets. Hence, this study provides a new OEEF‐strategy to activate this reported gold(III)‐hydride, revealing its potential application in electrochemical therapy. We anticipate this work could promote the development of more electric field‐activated anticancer agents. However, further experimental research should be conducted to verify the conclusions obtained in this work.
Cyclometalated gold(III)‐hydride under electric fields: The effect of oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) on the geometric structure, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of a potential antitumor drug, namely a novel gold(III)‐hydride complex has been systematically investigated on the basis of the density functional theory.
The reaction of non‐fluorinated silyl enol ether with alkyne is useful for the synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. However, most of the existing methods for realizing such organic ...transformation usually employ stoichiometric amounts of relatively expensive Lewis acids/metallic salts. Herein, an iron(III)‐catalyzed difluoroalkylation of aryl alkynes with difluoroenol silyl ether was developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of iron(III) chloride, stoichiometric amounts of trimethylsilyl chloride, and 4 Å molecular sieves in dichloroethane (DCE) to afford the corresponding α‐alkenyl‐α,α‐difluoroketones in modest to good yields. Remarkably, among the various metallic salts screened, cheap and less‐toxic iron(III) salt was found to be the most efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the present reaction. In addition, in the absence of iron(III) chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride, either no reaction occurred or considerably reduced reaction performance was observed. Moreover, the use of Brønsted acid to replace iron(III) chloride as reaction catalyst failed to promote the reaction. The reaction could be scaled up and the obtained difluoroalkylated carbonyl compound serves as a versatile building block which could be subjected to late‐stage diversification to be converted into useful organic molecules containing CF2H and CF2CF2 moieties. Deuterated experiments showed that the proton in the generated alkene product should originate from trace amounts of water present in the reaction system.
The bathymetry of nearshore coastal environments and lakes is constantly reworking because of the change in the patterns of energy dispersal and related sediment transport pathways. Therefore, ...updated and accurate bathymetric models are a crucial component in providing necessary information for scientific, managerial, and geographical studies. Recent advances in satellite technology revolutionized the acquisition of bathymetric profiles, offering new vistas in mapping. This contribution analyzed the suitability of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 images for bathymetric mapping of coastal and lake environments. The bathymetric algorithm was developed using an empirical approach and a random forest (RF) model based on the available high-resolution LiDAR bathymetric data for Mobile Bay, Tampa Bay, and Lake Huron regions obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Our results demonstrate that the satellite-derived bathymetry is efficient for retrieving depths up to 10 m for coastal regions and up to 30 m for the lake environment. While using the empirical approach, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) varied between 1.99 m and 4.74 m for the three regions. The RF model, on the other hand, provided an improved bathymetric model with RMSE between 1.13 m and 1.95 m. The comparative assessment suggests that Sentinel-2 has a slight edge over Landsat-8 images while employing the empirical approach. On the other hand, the RF model shows that Landsat-8 retrieves a better bathymetric model than Sentinel-2. Our work demonstrated that the freely available Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 imageries proved to be reliable data for acquiring updated bathymetric information for large areas in a short period.
In this study, Al2O3 ceramics were printed by stereolithography from particles with different particle size distributions, which are the micro-sized Al2O3, nano-sized Al2O3, and a mixture of both. ...The influence of the particle size and the debinding method on the density and morphology of the sintered bodies were investigated. The density of the samples containing both micro-sized and nano-sized alumina particles is highest among the three samples. Furthermore, the samples subjected to the vacuum debinding showed a higher density compared with the samples subjected to the traditional thermal debinding. The results suggest that the combination of a powder with a bimodal particle size distribution and the vacuum debinding process offers an effective way to print 3D ceramics with a good performance through stereolithography.
We report a novel approach to fabricate dense zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramics with excellent properties via an additive manufacturing process based on stereolithography. The XRD patterns ...show the ZTA sample consists of α-Al2O3 and t-ZrO2 with the dominance of α-Al2O3. The zirconia grain with the average size of 0.35µm is small enough to trigger the toughening behavior of zirconia in the ZTA. The prepared ceramics showed a density, Vickers hardness, bending strength, and fracture toughness of 4.26g/cm3, 17.76GPa, 530.25MPa, and 5.72MPam1/2, respectively. These properties are comparable to those for ceramics obtained through conventional ceramic processing.
Background
The left-sided and right-sided colon cancer (LCCs and RCCs, respectively) have unique molecular features and clinical heterogeneity. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of ...immune cell infiltration (ICI) subtypes for evaluating prognosis and therapeutic benefits.
Methods
The independent gene datasets, corresponding somatic mutation and clinical information were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. The ICI contents were evaluated by “ESTIMATE” and “CIBERSORT.” We performed two computational algorithms to identify the ICI landscape related to prognosis and found the unique infiltration characteristics. Next, principal component analysis was conducted to construct ICI score based on three ICI patterns. We analyzed the correlation between ICI score and tumor mutation burden (TMB), and stratified patients into prognostic-related high- and low- ICI score groups (HSG and LSG, respectively). The role of ICI scores in the prediction of therapeutic benefits was investigated by "pRRophetic" and verified by Immunophenoscores (IPS) (TCIA database) and an independent immunotherapy cohort (IMvigor210). The key genes were preliminary screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on ICI scores. And they were further identified at various levels, including single cell, protein and immunotherapy response. The predictive ability of ICI score for prognosis was also verified in IMvigor210 cohort.
Results
The ICI features with a better prognosis were marked by high plasma cells, dendritic cells and mast cells, low memory CD4
+
T cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, as well as M2 macrophages. A high ICI score was characterized by an increased TMB and genomic instability related signaling pathways. The prognosis, sensitivities of targeted inhibitors and immunotherapy, IPS and expression of immune checkpoints were significantly different in HSG and LSG. The genes identified by ICI scores and various levels included CA2 and TSPAN1.
Conclusion
The identification of ICI subtypes and ICI scores will help gain insights into the heterogeneity in LCC and RCC, and identify patients probably benefiting from treatments. ICI scores and the key genes could serve as an effective biomarker to predict prognosis and the sensitivity of immunotherapy.
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