Muawiyyah became one of Islam rulers muchly determined by his capability and supporting moments. He was a smart politician who was able to manage military and political strategy. Beside that, the ...crucial moment at that time enabled him to take over the reign. Not only did he politically win the arbitrase (reconciliation between Muawiyah and Ali that was mediated by Amr bin Ash and Abu Musa al-As’ari), but also due to the death of Ali. The taking over of reign because of; 1) internal competition among Abdul Manaf descendents. Bani Umayah was a charismatic tribe in Mecca, but, due to Muhammad’s figure, Bani Hasyim had good position in Mecca taking place the position of Bani Umayyah; 2) the murder of Usman became political issue to decrease Ali’s charism. Through this moment, Muawiyah built a dynasty by modifying the governance system from khilafah to monarch.
There are many references relating Islamic world in South Asia. It muchly focus on dinasty and its corelation with ecomic, social, religious and cultural aspects. The hypothesis is that historically, ...the early Islamic existence is began with attack, conquest and building Islamic Kingdom. South Asia covers; India, Pakistan, Sri Langka, Maladewa, Kashmir, with its demography comprised 300 million population with different languages and cultures. In the post colonialism, Islam has degraded due to political crises and the emerge of sufism sincritism.
Older adults have an elevated risk of dehydration, a state with proven detrimental cognitive and physical effects. Furthermore, the use of diuretics by hypertensive patients further compounds this ...risk. This prospective study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care (POC) salivary osmolarity (SOSM) measurement for the detection of dehydration in hypertensive adults with and without diuretic pharmacotherapy.
Prospective diagnostic accuracy study.
Home visits to patients recruited from 4 community health centers in West Sulawesi, Indonesia.
A total of 148 hypertensive older adults (57 men, 91 women). The mean ages of male and female patients were 69.4 ± 11.4 and 68.1 ± 7.8 years, respectively.
Hypertensive adults were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of diuretics in their pharmacotherapeutic regimen. First-morning mid-stream urine samples were used to perform urine specific gravity (USG) testing. Same-day SOSM measurements were obtained using a POC saliva testing system.
Both USG (P = .0002) and SOSM (P < .0001) were significantly elevated in hypertensive patients with diuretic pharmacotherapy. At a USG threshold of ≥1.030, 86% of diuretic users were classified as dehydrated compared with 55% of non-using participants. A strong correlation was observed between USG and SOSM measurements (r = 0.78, P < .0001). Using a USG threshold of ≥1.030 as a hydration classifier, an SOSM threshold of ≥93 mOsm had a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 91.1% for detecting dehydration.
Hypertensive patients on diuretics have significantly higher first-morning USG and SOSM values, indicating a higher likelihood of dehydration relative to those on other classes of antihypertensive medication. POC SOSM assessment correlates strongly with first-morning USG assessment, and represents a rapid and noninvasive alternative to urinary hydration assessment that may be applicable for routine use in populations with elevated risk of dehydration.
This study examined the English for Foreign Language (EFL) learners' difficult topics in the structure and written expression section of the TOEFL Prediction Test, and reasons why they consider that ...these topics were difficult. The mixed-method research design was used in this study. Fifteen participants were selected through purposive sampling mechanism from the seventh-semester students of Department of English Language Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry who have participated in the TOEFL Prediction Test to identify the difficult topics they encountered. Then, the semi-structured interviews were conducted to six underachieving student's participants with the most recorded errors made in the test to know the reasons behind their difficulties. Findings indicated that students encountered difficulties mostly when dealing with determiners, conjunctions, adjective clauses, apposition phrases, and reduced clauses in the structure section. Meanwhile, adverb connectors, subject-verb agreement, and clause of concession, relative clause, and quantifier are the difficulties they encountered in the written expression section of the test. Thus, the findings also revealed several factors identified as the reasons behind those difficulties, namely lack of practice, grammar incompetence, vocabulary shortage, time management, and low self-confidence. Given the significant impact of this study, we suggested that the lectures and English departments should address these difficulties. It is crucial that the focus of the courses related to grammar and EFL proficiency tests be incorporated into the syllabus.
The pandemic caused major shifts in the delivery of education worldwide. In the teaching of medical biochemistry, the greatest impact was towards the delivery of traditional laboratory simulations. ...In this study, we highlight the benefits and barriers encountered in the use of virtual laboratories (vLABs) to substitute traditional laboratory practicals. The subjects were a class of 271 medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, all freshman undergoing the Biomedicine Block. The study assessed the use of a commercial vLAB on antibodies and blood typing procedures, which were implemented using our four‐step model of vLAB implementation. Collected data include the lecturer‐assigned pre‐ and post‐test result, built‐in vLAB assessment result of the student first and best attempts, a student perception questionnaire based on a 5‐point Likert scale, and an open ended questionnaire regarding student perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of the vLAB. We observed a remarkable increase of lecturer assigned pre‐ and post‐test scores and built‐in first and best attempt scores (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). A majority of students reported increased motivation when using the vLABs, and favored the ability of mastery through repetition. However, technical and language barriers were highlighted by students during the vLAB implementation. We demonstrate a successful implementation of commercial vLABs in a cohort of non‐native English speakers using our four‐step approach. Implementation requires strong support from faculty to address technical and language barriers that arise during use of vLABs.
Virtual laboratories (vLABs) play an increasingly important role in medical biochemistry education, particularly during the pandemic. In this article, we highlight the technical and language barriers encountered during the implementation of commercial vLABs for our medical biochemistry classes, and the strategies utilized to address them.
AbstractThe planning for the need for medical records at the Tk.III Hospital Dr R Soeharsono has not been well structured, so the current staff does not meet their needs. This study aims to analyze ...the need for medical recorders and working time in the medical record work unit Tk.III Dr R Soeharono Hospital in 2021. The study was conducted descriptively with a cross-sectional design using the Workload Indicator Staffing Need method. WISN). Primary data were collected through interviews and observations, and also collected some secondary data from Tk.III Hospital Dr R Soeharsono. Available working days at Tk.III Dr.R Soeharsono Hospital in 2021 are 229 days, while the available working time is 1912.15 hours or 114,729 minutes. The medical records unit has 20 workers, but only one has a medical record education background. The standard leeway obtained from morning, afternoon, and meetings is 0.092297152. the workforce needs based on the workload indicator staffing need(WISN) method is 11.40861491 or 12 people.Keywords: hospital, medical records, WISN, labourAbstrakPerencanaan kebutuhan tenaga rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Tk.III Dr R Soeharsono belum terstruktur dengan baik, sehingga tenaga yang saat ini ada belum sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan tenaga kerja perekam medis serta waktu kerja di divisi kerja rekam medis di RS Tk.III Dr R Soeharono pada tahun 2021. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) menggunakan metode Workload Indicator Staffing Need (WISN). Dilakukan pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi serta dilakukan pula pengumpulan beberapa data sekunder dari RS Tk.III Dr R Soeharsono. Hari kerja tersedia di RS Tk.III Dr.R Soeharsono tahun 2021 adalah 229 hari, sedangkan waktu kerja yang tesedia adalah 1912,15 jam atau 114.729 menit. Unit rekam medisnya memiliki 20 orang pekerja, tetapi hanya seorang saja yang berlatar belakang pendidikan rekam medis. Standar kelonggaran yang didapat dari apel pagi, apel pulang dan rapat adalah 0,092. kebutuhan tenaga kerja berdasarkan metode workload indicator staffing need (WISN) adalah 11,409 atau 12 orang.Kata Kunci : rumah sakit, rekam medis, WISN, tenaga kerja
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