The concept of health has undergone profound changes. Lifestyle Medicine consists of therapeutic approaches that focus on the prevention and treatment of diseases. It follows that the quality of life ...of university students directly affects their health and educational progress. The correlation between LS and SOC was higher among males and higher among Medical and Human sciences students compared to Exact sciences. Medical students' scores were higher than Applied sciences and Human sciences students on the LS questionnaire. Exact science students' scores on the SOC questionnaire were higher than Human sciences students. In the LS areas related to alcohol intake, sleeping quality, and behavior, there were no differences between the areas. However, women scored better in the nutrition domain and alcohol intake. The SOC was also higher in men compared to women. The results obtained demonstrate in an unprecedented way in the literature that the correlation between the LS and SOC of college students varies according to gender and areas of knowledge, reflecting the importance of actions on improving students' quality of life and enabling better academic performance.
Cobalt catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation of four distinct supports: alumina, magnesia and two mixed supports of alumina with magnesia (10 and 30 wt%), prepared by wet impregnation of ...magnesia precursor on alumina. Magnesia addition decreased catalyst acidity and reduced spinel phase formation; however, high magnesia content (30 wt%) decreased catalyst reducibility and cobalt dispersion. The catalysts were evaluated on steam reforming of glycerol for 30 h at 500 °C, GHSV of 200,000 h
−1
and a glycerol solution 20% v/v in the feed. All catalysts, except the catalyst supported on pure magnesia, presented deactivation during reaction time, because of coke formation and reoxidation of metallic cobalt phase, mainly for the catalyst supported on 30%MgO–Al
2
O
3
. The catalyst supported on Al
2
O
3
exhibited the highest mean conversion to gas (42.4%) and hydrogen yield (31.2%) during time on stream. However, the catalyst supported on 10%MgO–Al
2
O
3
presented higher stability in terms of glycerol conversion to gas and hydrogen yield, associated with preferential formation of filamentous coke instead of amorphous coke.
Graphic Abstract
Summary Background Macrosomia is a risk factor for adverse delivery outcomes. We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and delivery outcomes of babies with macrosomia in 23 developing countries ...in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Methods We analysed data from WHO's Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health, which was a facility-based cross-sectional study that obtained data for women giving birth in 373 health facilities in 24 countries in Africa and Latin America in 2004–05, and in Asia in 2007–08. Facilities were selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling and women were recruited at admission for delivery. We extracted data from the medical records with a standardised questionnaire. We used logistic regression with random effects to assess the risk factors for macrosomia and the risks for caesarean section and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes (assessed by a composite score) in babies with the disorder. Findings Of 290 610 deliveries, we analysed data for 276 436 singleton livebirths or fresh stillbirths. Higher maternal age (20–34 years), height, parity, body-mass index, and presence of diabetes, post-term pregnancy, and male fetal sex were associated with a significantly increased risk of macrosomia. Macrosomia was associated with an increased risk of caesarean section because of obstructed labour and post-term pregnancy in all regions. Additionally, macrosomia was associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal birth outcomes in all regions, and of adverse perinatal outcomes only in Africa. Interpretation Increasing prevalence of diabetes and obesity in women of reproductive age in developing countries could be associated with a parallel increase in macrosomic births. The effect and feasibility of control of diabetes and preconception weight on macrosomia should be investigated in these settings. Furthermore, increased institutional delivery in countries where rates are low could be crucial to reduce macrosomia-associated morbidity and mortality. Funding None.
Approximately one-third of a million women die each year from pregnancy-related conditions. Three-quarters of these deaths are considered avoidable. Millennium Development Goal five calls for a ...reduction in maternal mortality and the establishment of universal access to high quality reproductive health care. There is evidence of a relationship between lower levels of maternal education and higher maternal mortality. This study examines the relationship between maternal education and maternal mortality among women giving birth in health care institutions and investigates the association of maternal age, marital status, parity, institutional capacity and state-level investment in health care with these relationships.
Cross-sectional information was collected on 287,035 inpatients giving birth in 373 health care institutions in 24 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, between 2004-2005 (in Africa and Latin America) and 2007-2008 (in Asia) as part of the WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health. Analyses investigated associations between indicators measured at the individual, institutional and country level and maternal mortality during the intrapartum period: from admission to, until discharge from, the institution where women gave birth. There were 363 maternal deaths.
In the adjusted models, women with no education had 2.7 times and those with between one and six years of education had twice the risk of maternal mortality of women with more than 12 years of education. Institutional capacity was not associated with maternal mortality in the adjusted model. Those not married or cohabiting had almost twice the risk of death of those who were. There was a significantly higher risk of death among those aged over 35 (compared with those aged between 20 and 25 years), those with higher numbers of previous births and lower levels of state investment in health care. There were also additional effects relating to country of residence which were not explained in the model.
Lower levels of maternal education were associated with higher maternal mortality even amongst women able to access facilities providing intrapartum care. More attention should be given to the wider social determinants of health when devising strategies to reduce maternal mortality and to achieve the increasingly elusive MDG for maternal mortality.
Hydrogen production by glycerol steam reforming is an attractive alternative, as it represents the conversion of a waste in a high-added value product. In this work, three catalysts were synthesized ...by wet impregnation of nickel precursor in different supports: γ-Al
2
O
3
prepared by boehmite calcination, α-Al
2
O
3
and 15 wt% CaO-γ-Al
2
O
3
prepared by wet impregnation of calcium oxide precursor in γ-Al
2
O
3
. A commercial catalyst for methane steam reforming was also evaluated. Catalytic tests were performed at 500 °C, glycerol feed of 20% v/v and GHSV of 200,000 h
−1
. The calcium oxide incorporation reduced the formation of nickel aluminate phase (NiAl
2
O
4
) and the amount and strength of catalyst acidity, while increasing the amount and strength of basic sites. Furthermore, it was the only catalyst that has not presented deactivation in 30 h of reaction, showing the highest glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield after 24 h of reaction. Ni/γ-Al
2
O
3
and Ni/α-Al
2
O
3
presented a severe deactivation, which was associated with coke formation. The synthesized catalysts presented better catalytic performance for glycerol steam reforming in comparison with commercial catalyst, in terms of higher glycerol conversion, glycerol conversion to gas and hydrogen yield.
Graphical Abstract
► We present a procedure for extraction of nanocellulose structures from raw cotton linter. ► The raw linter and nanocellulose structures were characterized. ► Pulping the raw linter is not required ...before the nanocellulose extraction. ► The nanostructures have properties significantly different from the raw linter. ► Using linter for nanocellulose extraction is an option for value addition to this textile by-product.
This study aimed to characterize nanocellulose extracted from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) linters. The nanocellulose was subjected to electronic microscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, light scattering, and contact angle. The properties of the nanocellulose are considerably different from the linter. The acidic hydrolyses applied to extract the nanocrystals increased the crystallinity index and the hydrophilicity and decreased the thermal stability. On average, the nanocrystals were 177nm long and 12nm wide, with an aspect ratio of 19 when measured by microscopy. The light scattering results were coherent with the crystal dimensions. Cotton linter is a potential source of nanocellulose crystals, particularly to be used in the production of hydrophilic nanocomposites. Extraction of nanocellulose from raw cotton linter does not require pulping.
Aim
The Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM is one of the most used diagnostic instruments in clinical research worldwide. The current Clinician Version of the instrument (SCID‐5‐CV) has not ...yet been assessed in respect to its psychometric qualities. We aimed to assess the clinical validity and different reliability indicators (interrater test–retest, joint interview, face‐to‐face vs telephone application) of the SCID‐5‐CV in a large sample of 180 non‐prototypical and psychiatric patients based on interviews conducted by raters with different levels of clinical experience.
Methods
The SCID‐5‐CV was administered face‐to‐face and by telephone by 12 psychiatrists/psychologists who took turns as raters and observers. Clinical diagnoses were established according to DSM‐5 criteria and the longitudinal, expert, all data (LEAD) procedure. We calculated the percentage of agreement, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and the level of agreement (kappa) for diagnostic categories and specific diagnoses.
Results
The percentage of positive agreement between the interview and clinical diagnoses ranged between 73% and 97% and the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity were >0.70. In the joint interview, the levels of positive agreement were high (>75%) and kappa levels were >0.70 for most diagnoses. The values were less expressive, but still adequate, for interrater test–retest interviews.
Conclusion
The SCID‐5‐CV presented excellent reliability and high specificity as assessed with different methods. The clinical validity of the instrument was also confirmed, which supports its use in daily clinical practice. We highlight the adequacy of the instrument to be used via telephone and the need for careful use by professionals with little experience in psychiatric clinical practice.
•A masticatory load may result in different mechanical responses on the crown and cement layer according to the implemented restorative material.•It is necessary for the clinician to consider the ...biomechanics when selecting the monolithic material for the restoration.•Stress concentration can be calculated based on the stress peak value to the average stress value in the concerned region.
To investigate the influence of different materials for monolithic full posterior crowns using 3D-Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
Twelve (12) 3D models of adhesively-restored teeth with different crowns according to the material and its elastic modulus were analysed: Acrylic resin, Polyetheretherketone, Composite resin, Hybrid ceramic, pressable and machinable Zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, Feldspathic, Lithium disilicate, Gold alloy, Cobalt–Chromium alloy (Co–Cr), Zirconia tetragonal partially stabilized with yttria, and Alumina. All materials were assumed to behave elastically throughout the entire deformation. Results in restoration and cementing line were obtained using maximum principal stress. In addition, maximum shear stress criteria was used for the cementing line.
Restorative materials with higher elastic modulus present higher stress concentration inside the crown, mainly tensile stress on an intaglio surface. On the other hand, materials with lower elastic modulus allow stress passage for cement, increasing shear stress on this layer. Stiffer materials promote higher stress peak values.
Materials with higher elastic modulus such as Co–Cr, zirconia and alumina enable higher tensile stress concentration on the crown intaglio surface and higher shear stress on the cement layer, facilitating crown debonding.
•A novel feature selection algorithm based on Bat Algorithm and Optimum-Path Forest.•A comparison against different transfer functions for agent’s positioning.•Several datasets have been employed to ...the experimental section.
Besides optimizing classifier predictive performance and addressing the curse of the dimensionality problem, feature selection techniques support a classification model as simple as possible. In this paper, we present a wrapper feature selection approach based on Bat Algorithm (BA) and Optimum-Path Forest (OPF), in which we model the problem of feature selection as an binary-based optimization technique, guided by BA using the OPF accuracy over a validating set as the fitness function to be maximized. Moreover, we present a methodology to better estimate the quality of the reduced feature set. Experiments conducted over six public datasets demonstrated that the proposed approach provides statistically significant more compact sets and, in some cases, it can indeed improve the classification effectiveness.
Alumina-supported potassium oxides are promising catalysts for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils for biodiesel production. Various potassium compounds Al2O3-supported were prepared ...via impregnation method. Potassium oxide (K2O) is a good candidate for a solid base catalyst from an economical point of view. In the present work, we reviewed K2O catalyst for the vegetable oil transesterification based on a variety of related research papers. The potassium compounds supported in catalysts, KOH/Al2O3, KNO3/Al2O3, KI/Al2O3, KF/Al2O3 and K2CO3/Al2O3, were optimized through various reaction parameters, such as: amount of catalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, reaction time and temperature. Yields and conversions from various catalytic systems applied for biodiesel production were also compared. Among the catalysts studied, the KF/Al2O3 showed higher catalytic activity and a small amount of catalyst requirement in the transesterification reaction, indicating that it can be applied as a potential catalyst in the industry.
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