Adapting Educational and Psychological Tests for Cross-Cultural Assessment critically examines and advances new methods and practices for adapting tests for cross-cultural assessment and research. ...The International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines for test adaptation and conceptual and methodological issues in test adaptation are described in detail, and questions of ethics and concern for validity of test scores in cross-cultural contexts are carefully examined. Advances in test translation and adaptation methodology, including statistical identification of flawed test items, establishing equivalence of different language versions of a test, and methodologies for comparing tests in multiple languages, are reviewed and evaluated. The book also focuses on adapting ability, achievement, and personality tests for cross-cultural assessment in educational, industrial, and clinical settings.
This book furthers the ITC's mission of stimulating research on timely topics associated with assessment. It provides an excellent resource for courses in psychometric methods, test construction, and educational and/or psychological assessment, testing, and measurement. Written by internationally known scholars in psychometric methods and cross-cultural psychology, the collection of chapters should also provide essential information for educators and psychologists involved in cross-cultural assessment, as well as students aspiring to such careers.
Contents: Preface. Part I: Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Tests: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. R.K. Hambleton, Issues, Designs, and Technical Guidelines for Adapting Tests Into Multiple Languages and Cultures. F.J.R. van de Vijver, Y.H. Poortinga, Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Adapting Tests. T. Oakland, Selected Ethical Issues Relevant to Test Adaptations. S.G. Sireci, L. Patsula, R.K. Hambleton, Statistical Methods for Identifying Flaws in the Test Adaptation Process. S.G. Sireci, Using Bilinguals to Evaluate the Comparability of Different Language Versions of a Test. L.L. Cook, A.P. Schmitt-Cascallar, Establishing Score Comparability for Tests Given in Different Languages. L.L. Cook, A.P. Schmitt-Cascallar, C. Brown, Adapting Achievement and Aptitude Tests: A Review of Methodological Issues. Part II: Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Tests: Applications to Achievement, Aptitude, and Personality Tests. C.T. Fitzgerald, Test Adaptation in a Large-Scale Certification Program. C.Y. Maldonado, K.F. Geisinger, Conversion of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Into Spanish: An Early Test Adaption Effort of Considerable Consequence. N.K. Tanzer, Developing Tests for Use in Multiple Languages and Cultures: A Plea for Simultaneous Development. F. Drasgow, T.M. Probst, The Psychometrics of Adaptation: Evaluating Measurement Equivalence Across Languages and Cultures. M. Beller, N. Gafni, P. Hanani, Constructing, Adapting, and Validating Admissions Tests in Multiple Languages: The Israeli Case. P.F. Merenda, Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Educational and Psychological Testing. C.D. Spielberger, M.S. Moscoso, T.M. Brunner, Cross-Cultural Assessment of Emotional States and Personality Traits.
Anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity are major indicators of psychological distress and well‐being that require careful assessment. Measuring these psychological vital signs is of critical ...importance in diagnosis, and can facilitate treatment by directly linking intense emotions to the events that give rise to them. The historical background regarding theory and research on anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity is briefly reviewed, and the nature and assessment of these emotional states and personality traits are examined. The construction and development of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the State‐Trait Anger EXpression Inventory (STAXI‐2), and the State‐Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) to assess anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity, and the major components of these emotional states and personality traits, are described in detail. Findings demonstrating the diverse utility and efficacy of these measures are also reported, along with guidelines for their interpretation and utilisation in research and clinical practice. Research with the STAI, STAXI and STPI over the last 40 years has contributed to understanding vitally important measurement concepts that are especially applicable to the assessment of emotions. These concepts included the state–trait distinction, item intensity specificity, and the importance of items that describe the presence or absence of emotions.
A questionnaire constructed to assess epistemic curiosity (EC) and perceptual curiosity (PC) curiosity was administered to 739 undergraduates (546 women, 193 men) ranging in age from 18 to 65. The ...study participants also responded to the trait anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI; Spielberger et al., 1979) and selected subscales of the Sensation Seeking (SSS; Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, & Zoob, 1964) and Novelty Experiencing (NES; Pearson, 1970) scales. Factor analyses of the curiosity items with oblique rotation identified EC and PC factors with clear simple structure. Subsequent analyses of the EC items provided the basis for developing an EC scale, with Diversive and Specific Curiosity subscales. Moderately high correlations of the EC scale and subscales with other measures of curiosity provided strong evidence of convergent validity. Divergent validity was demonstrated by minimal correlations with trait anxiety and the sensation-seeking measures, and essentially zero correlations with the STPI trait anger and depression scales. Male participants had significantly higher scores on the EC scale and the NES External Cognition subscale (effect sizes of r = .16 and .21, respectively), indicating that they were more interested than female participants in solving problems and discovering how things work. Male participants also scored significantly higher than female participants on the SSS Thrill-and-Adventure and NES External Sensation subscales (r = .14 and .22, respectively), suggesting that they were more likely to engage in sensation-seeking activities.
The Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology encompasses applications of psychological knowledge and procedures in all areas of psychology. This compendium is a major source of information for professional ...practitioners, researchers in psychology, and for anyone interested in applied psychology. The topics included are, but are not limited to, aging (geropsychology), assessment, clinical, cognitive, community, counseling, educational, environmental, family, industrial/organizational, health, school, sports, and transportation psychology. The entries drawn from the above-referenced areas provide a clear definition of topic, a brief review of theoretical basis relevant to the topic, and emphasize major areas of application.Also available online via ScienceDirect - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com.
The measurement of perceptual curiosity Collins, Robert P; Litman, Jordan A; Spielberger, Charles D
Personality and individual differences,
04/2004, Letnik:
36, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Perceptual curiosity, as defined by Berlyne (1954), involves interest in and giving attention to novel perceptual stimulation, and motivates visual and sensory-inspection. A 33-item questionnaire ...constructed to assess individual differences in perceptual curiosity was administered to 320 undergraduate students (202 females; 118 males). The participants also responded to the trait scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), and to selected subscales of the Sensation Seeking (SSS) and Novelty Experiencing (NES) scales. Principal axis factor analyses of the perceptual curiosity (PC) items identified a strong PC factor. With oblique rotation, diversive and specific PC components were found, from which subscales were constructed. Moderate positive correlations of the PC scale and subscales were found with the NES and STPI measures of curiosity and the SSS and NES sensation seeking scales, suggesting that perceptual curiosity involves seeking both knowledge and sensory experience. Divergent validity of the PC scale was demonstrated by minimal relationships with the STPI trait anger scale, and essentially zero correlations with the STPI trait anxiety and depression scales.
The nature and measurement of sensory curiosity Litman, Jordan A.; Collins, Robert P.; Spielberger, Charles D.
Personality and individual differences,
10/2005, Letnik:
39, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
To determine if sensory curiosity (SC) could be identified as a meaningful psychological construct, a pool of SC items was administered to 552 undergraduate students (402 women, 150 men), along with ...measures of perceptual and epistemic curiosity. Participants also responded to the trait anxiety, anger, and curiosity scales of the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), and subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). Factor analyses of the SC items identified one strong factor, from which 10 items were selected to form a SC scale. Positive correlations of the SC scale with the other curiosity scales that were stronger than the correlations of the SSS subscales with these measures, provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the SC scale. Divergent validity was evidenced by essentially zero correlations of the SC scale with the STPI anxiety, anger and depression measures.
Biographical information regarding Wilhelm Wundt and William James is briefly described, and the contributions of these founders of psychology in Europe and the US to the understanding of emotions ...and personality are reviewed. Important theoretical contributions of Darwin and Freud to the historical evolution of emotions and personality as psychological constructs are also examined. Critical issues and sources of error in the cross-cultural adaptation of psychological tests of emotional states and personality traits are evaluated, emphasizing the importance of construct equivalence in the languages of the tests that are being translated and adapted. The nature of anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity as fundamental psychological concepts is discussed, and the importance of measuring these vital signs in diagnosis and treatment is emphasized.
Occupational Stress Vagg, Peter R; Spielberger, Charles D
Journal of occupational health psychology
3, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Person-environment fit and demand-control theoretical
models developed to explain stress and strain in the workplace have
guided the construction of most measures of occupational stress. The
...strengths and limitations of 8 job stress measures are briefly
reviewed, and the Job Stress Survey (JSS), designed to assess the
severity and frequency of occurrence of 30 specific sources of
occupational stress, is described in some detail. Factor analyses of
responses to the JSS items identified Job Pressure and Lack of
Organizational Support as major dimensions of occupational stress
for male and female employees in a wide variety of work settings.
JSS Index, scale, subscale, and item scores assess general and
specific aspects of the work environment that are most distressing
for individual workers and that adversely affect groups of
employees.
The purpose of this article is to focus on unique issues that are encountered in the crosscultural adaptation of measures of emotions. We take into consideration the cross-cultural equivalence of the ...concept of emotion, and how cultural differences influence the meaning of words that are utilized to describe these concepts. The critical need to take the state-trait distinction into account in adapting measures of emotional states and personality traits is then discussed. The effects of language and culture in adapting measures of the experience, expression, and control of anger in Latin-America are also reviewed. The construction of the Latin American Multicultural State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory is described.
The assessment of anger has received increased attention because of growing evidence that anger and hostility are related to heart disease. Research on anger assessment has also been stimulated by ...the development of psychometric measures for evaluating different facets of anger, such as the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). In this study, factor analyses Of the responses of a large sample of university students to the 44 STAXI items identified 7 factors. Of these, the first 6 factors closely corresponded with the 6 STAXI scales and subscales: State Anger (S-Anger); Trait Anger Temperament and Reaction; and Anger-In, Anger-Out, and Anger-Control. All 10 STAXI S-Anger items had salient loadings on the 1st factor for both sexes; the 7th factor also consisted primarily of S-Anger items. Factor analyses of responses to the 10 S-Anger items clearly confirmed two S-Anger factors for both sexes: Feeling Angry (e.g., I am furious) and Feel Like Expressing Anger (e.g., I feel like hitting someone).
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