Charts the technology-fueled changes taking place in the field of corporate governance and describes the impact these changes are having on boards and the enterprises they govern. It also describes ...what the future could look like once companies truly embrace the power of technology to change governance. Additionally, this book will provide a set of 'suggested action steps' for companies and their boards focused on ways they can leverage technology tools to enhance governance immediately.
Systematic research and practice guidelines addressing preschool psychopharmacological treatment in very young children are limited, despite evidence of increasing clinical use of medications in this ...population. The Preschool Psychopharmacology Working Group (PPWG) was developed to review existing literature relevant to preschool psychopharmacology treatment and to develop treatment recommendations to guide clinicians considering psychopharmacological treatment in very young children. This article reviews the developmental considerations related to preschool psychopharmacological treatment, presents current evidence bases for specific disorders in early childhood, and describes the recommended algorithms for medication use. The purpose of this effort is to promote responsible treatment of young children, recognizing that this will sometimes involve the use of medications.
Abstract Objective To determine whether pediatric continuity clinics integrate mental health (MH) services into care delivery; and to determine whether the level of MH integration is related to ...access to MH services, types of MH screening performed, self-efficacy, satisfaction with referral sites, and communication with the primary care provider. Methods Pediatric Residency Integrated Survey of Mental Health in Primary Care (PRISM_PC) is a newly designed cross-sectional, Web-based survey of continuity clinic directors participating in a national network of pediatric continuity clinics (CORNET). Definitions of MH models included integrated or nonintegrated MH models or traditional care. The survey included questions regarding access, screening that was performed at sites, comfort with MH management as well as provider satisfaction and communication with referral sites. Results Seventy-eight percent (57 of 73) of CORNET site directors responded, representing input from 30% of US pediatric residency continuity programs. Thirty-five percent (n = 20) reported an integrated MH model while 65% (n = 37) reported a nonintegrated MH model. Seventy-nine percent screened for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 44% for behavioral-emotional issues, and 19% for pediatric depression. No differences were found in terms of screening or tools used on the basis of the level of MH integration. Those with integrated programs were more likely to have access to an on-site psychologist ( P = .001) or psychiatrist ( P = .006). Conclusions Directors from one-third of training programs surveyed reported some level of MH integration in their primary care teaching clinics. Future studies are needed to compare patient and resident education outcomes between integrated and nonintegrated sites.
A new edition of the #1 text in the human computer Interaction field!This book seeks to chart the technology-fueled changes taking place in the field of corporate governance and describes the impact ...these changes are having on boards and the enterprises they govern. It also describes what the future could look like once companies truly embrace the power of technology to change governance. Additionally, this book will provide a set of "suggested action steps" for companies and their boards focused on ways they can leverage technology tools to enhance governance immediately. Through a review of the latest governance research, interviews with key thought leaders, and case studies of enterprises that have embraced governance technology, readers will be armed with new insights and approaches they can take to enhance the work of their boards and senior leaders to reach new levels of performance.Explains how to use design and evaluation techniques for developing successful interactive technologiesDemonstrates, through many examples, the cognitive, social and affective issues that underpin the design of these technologiesProvides thought-provoking design dilemmas and interviews with expert designers and researchersUses a strong pedagogical format to foster understanding and enjoyment An accompanying website contains extensive additional teaching and learning material including slides for each chapter, comments on chapter activities, and a number of in-depth case studies written by researchers and designers.
Screening for maternal depression is gaining acceptance as a standard component of well-child care. We tested the feasibility of this policy and determined the prevalence and incidence of maternal ...depression at well-child visits during the first 6 months of life.
Providers in an adolescent-oriented maternity program were cued electronically, when they opened the electronic medical records of 0- to 6-month-old infants to conduct well-child visits, to ask the mothers to complete the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. Incident cases represented mothers who crossed the referral threshold (score of > or =10) after the first screening.
Mothers usually brought their infants to the clinic, and none refused screening. Providers could act on 99% of the 418 screening cues; they administered the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale 98% of the time and always referred mothers with scores of > or =10. Overall, 20% of the mothers scored > or =10. Scores were unstable at < or =3 postpartum weeks (kappa = 0.2). Thereafter, the prevalence and incidence of scores of > or =10 decreased from 16.5% at 2 months to 10.3% and 5.7%, respectively, at 4 months. Prevalence increased to 18.5% at the 6-month visit, and incidence decreased to 1.9%. Repeat screening detected only 2 mothers (5.7%) with scores of > or =10.
Electronic cueing improved compliance with the detection and referral phases of screening for maternal depression at well-child visits. Screening 2 months after delivery detects most mothers who become depressed during the first 6 postpartum months, and screening at the 6-month well-child visit is preferable to screening at the 4-month visit.
Gliding behavior of Japanese giant flying squirrels, Petaurista leucogenys, was studied at Nara Park, Japan. We observed 150 glides. We were able to calculate glide ratios on 57 glides and airspeeds ...on 29 glides. Glide ratios (distance/altitude lost) averaged 1.87, and a glide ratio of 3-3.5 seems to represent an upper performance limit for P. leucogenys. Airspeeds (4.39-9.47 m/s) were substantially lower than reported in other studies, and glide angles were higher (17.74-34.99 degree ). Aspect ratios of the animals in mid-glide averaged 1.42.
Summary Chronic prenatal stress contributes to poor birth outcomes for women and infants. Importantly, poor birth outcomes are most common among minority and low income women. To investigate ...underlying mechanisms, we tested the hypothesis that chronic stress related to minority or low income status is associated with glucocorticoid resistance as indicated by disruption in the cytokine-glucocorticoid feedback circuit. Home visits were conducted during which 3rd trimester pregnant women completed stress and depression surveys and provided blood for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Saliva was collected 5 times the preceding day for diurnal cortisol levels. For statistical analyses, women were grouped 3 ways, by race, income, and the presence or absence of either of those risk factors; this last group was labeled high or low general risk. Immune regulation was evaluated by evidence of a functioning negative feedback relationship between cytokines and cortisol. Of 96 participants, 18 were minority, 22 of low income, and 29 either minority or low income (high general risk). Pearson partial correlation identified a significant negative relationship between cortisol area under the curve (AUC) and pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios in the low general risk women (i.e., Caucasian, higher income) including IFNγ/IL10 ( r = −0.73, p < 0.0001), IL6/IL10 ( r = −0.38, p = 0.01), IL1β/IL10 ( r = −0.44, p = 0.004) and TNFα/IL10 ( r = −0.41; p = 0.005); no such correlations existed in the high general risk women (i.e., minority, low income) for (IFNγ/IL10: r = −0.25, p = 0.43; IL6/IL10: r = 0.12, p = 0.70; IL1 β/IL10: r = 0.05, p = 0.87; TNFα/IL10: r = 0.10; p = 0.75), suggestive of glucocorticoid resistance. Cortisol levels throughout the day also were higher in minority and high general risk groups ( p < 0.05). Without cytokine glucocorticoid feedback, a pregnant woman's ability to regulate inflammation is limited, potentially contributing to adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
Positional behavior of Japanese giant flying squirrels (Petaurista leucogenys) was studied based on 3,318 positional bouts and 2,687 instantaneous samples. Resting, feeding and foraging, locomotion, ...and grooming were the most common behaviors. The most common locomotor behaviors were leaping, scrambling, walking, bounding, vertical bounding, and gliding. The most common postural behaviors were quadrupedal squatting, hind-limb squatting, vertical clinging, clinging, and crouching. Compared with smaller tree squirrels, Sciurus igniventris and Microsciurus flaviventer, P. leucogenys exhibited a higher frequency of 'scrambling' for foraging among terminal branches. The tree squirrels foraged on terminals but fed on larger branches. They also foraged and fed more on vertical surfaces. P. leucogenys spent the most time on small supports, whereas the smallest squirrel (M. flaviventer) spent most on the largest supports.
We examined the geographical variation of the skull size and shape of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) from Laos, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Langkawi and some ...Islands of Tenasserim in Myanmar. Although the influence of the climatic condition on skull size was not confirmed in the mainland populations, the skull became rostro-caudally longer in the populations of Tenasserim and Sumatra because of island isolation effect. The skull size was classified into the following three clusters of localities from the matrix of Q-mode correlation coefficients: 1) Langkawi and Tenasserim, 2) Laos and Thailand, 3) Sumatra and Borneo. The skulls in the population of Java belong to the cluster of Langkawi and Tenasserim in male, however were morphologically similar to those in the cluster of Borneo and Sumatra. The canonical discriminant analysis pointed out that the Laos and Tenasserim populations were separated from the other ones and that the populations of Sumatra, Java and Borneo were intermingled each other. v woxns: geographical variation, lesser mouse deer, osteometry, skull, Tragulus javanicus.
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