International trade and investment in services are an increasingly important part of global commerce. Advances in information and telecommunication technologies have expanded the scope of services ...that can be traded cross-border. Many countries now allow foreign investment in newly privatized and competitive markets for key infrastructure services, such as energy, telecommunications, and transport. More and more people are travelling abroad to consume tourism, education, and medical services, and to supply services ranging from construction to software development. In fact, services are the fastest growing components of the global economy, and trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) in services have grown faster than in goods over the past decade and a half. International transactions, however, continue to be impeded by policy barriers, especially to foreign investment and the movement of service-providing individuals. Developing countries in particular are likely to benefit significantly from further domestic liberalization and the elimination of barriers to their exports. In many instances, income gains from a reduction in protection to services may be far greater than from trade liberalization in goods. In light of the increasing importance of international trade in services and the inclusion of services issues on the agendas of the multilateral, regional and bilateral trade negotiations, there is an obvious need to understand the economic implications of services trade and liberalization. A Handbook of International Trade in Services provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject, making it an essential reference for trade officials, policy advisors, analysts, academics, and students. Beginning with an overview on the key issues in trade in services and discussion of the GATS, the book then looks at trade negotiations in the service sector, the barriers to trade in services, and concludes by looking at a number of specific service sectors, such as financial services, e-commerce, health services, and the temporary movement of workers. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/019923521X/toc.html Contributors to this volume - Rudolf Adlung, Trade in Services Division of the WTO Secretariat, World Trade Organization Jonathan D. Aronson, University of Southern California Chantal Blouin, Chercheure Principale, Commerce et Developpement, Ottawa, Canada Patricio Contreras, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington DC Brian Copeland, University of British Columbia Peter F. Cowhey, University of California, San Diego Barbara d'Andrea, International Trade Statistics Section, WTO Alan V. Deardorff, University of Michigan Philippa Dee, Australian National University Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist, South Asia Region, World Bank Wendy Dobson, University of Toronto Nick Drager, Department of Ethics, Trade, Human Rights and Law, World Health Organization Roberto Echandi, Small Economy Trade & Investment Center (SETIC), Diplomatic Institute, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica Geza Feketekuty, Institute for Trade and Commercial Diplomacy David P. Fidler, Indiana University School of Law Christopher Findlay, University of Adelaide Carsten Fink, International Trade Team, World Bank Institute, World Bank Marc H. Juhel, Transport and Logistics Adviser, World Bank Joscelyn Magdeleine, International Trade Statistics Section, WTO Flavio Marega, Embassy of Brazil, Washington DC Aaditya Mattoo, International Trade Group, Development Research Group World Bank Andreas Maurer, International Trade Statistics Section, WTO Yann Marcus, International Trade Statistics Section, WTO Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Migration Policy Institute Carlos S. Primo Braga, International Trade Department, World Bank Thomas F. Rutherford, Ann Arbor, Michigan Pierre Sauve, London School of Economics and Political Science Richard Smith, University of East Anglia Sherry Stephenson, Department of Trade, Tourism and Competitiveness, Executive Secretariat for Integral Development (SEDI), Organization of American States (OAS) Robert M. Stern, University of Michigan David Tarr, Development Research Group, World Bank Yan Wang, Trade Team, World Bank Institute Obie Whichard, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce L. Alan Winters, Development Research Group, World Bank Gianni Zanini, World Bank Institute, World Bank
The Oxford Handbook on the World Trade Organization provides an authoritative and cutting-edge account of the World Trade Organization. Its purpose is to provide a holistic understanding of what the ...WTO does, how it goes about fulfilling its tasks, its achievements and problems, and how it might contend with some critical challenges. The Handbook benefits from an interdisciplinary approach. The editorial team comprises a transatlantic partnership between a political scientist, a historian, and an economist. The distinguished and international team of contributors to the volume includes leading political scientists, historians, economists, lawyers, and practitioners working in the area of multilateral trade. All the chapters present original and state-of-the-art research material. They critically engage with existing academic and policy debates, and also contribute to the evolution of the field by setting the agenda for current and future WTO studies.The Handbook is aimed at research institutions, university academics, post-graduate students, and final-year undergraduates working in the areas of international organization, trade policy and negotiations, global economic governance, and economic diplomacy. As such, it should find an enthusiastic readership amongst students and scholars in History, Economics, Political Science, International Relations, Public Policy, and Law. Equally important, the book should have direct relevance for diplomats, international bureaucrats, government officials, and other policy-makers and practitioners in the area of trade and economic governance. Contributors to this volume - Amrita Narlikar, Director of the Centre for Rising Powers, and Reader in International Political Economy at the Department of Politics and International Studies, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. Martin Daunton, Professor of Economic History in the University of Cambridge and Master of Trinity Hall. Robert M. Stern, Visiting Professor at the Goldman School of Public Policy at University of California, Berkeley. Robert E. Baldwin, Hilldale Professor of Economics, Emeritus, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Judith Goldstein, Janet M. Peck Professor in International Communication and the Kaye University Richard Toye, Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Exeter Thomas Zeiler, Professor, Deprtment of History, University of Colorado at Boulder Ernest Preeg, Adjunct Fellow, Hudson Institute, Washington, D.C. Headquarters Richard Blackhurst, Adjunct Professor of International Economics, Tufts University. Marion Jansen, senior specialist for trade and employment in the Employment Sector of the International Labor Office. Patrick Messerlin, Professor of Economics, and Director, Groupe d'Economie Mondiale (GEM), Sciences Po, Paris Todd Allee, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Brendan Vickers, Institute for Global Dialogue, South Africa Shishir Priyadarshi, Director of the World Trade Organisation Taufiqur Rahman, Economic Affairs Officer, Development Division, WTO Jens Steffek, Professor of Transnational Governance, Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Steven McGuire, Professor of Management Director, Centre for International Business and Public Policy, Aberystwyth University Rudolf Adlung, Counsellor, Trade in Services Division, WTO Keith Maskus, Associate Dean for Social Sciences, and Professor of Economics, University of Colorado, Boulder. Michael Finger, Professor, Former Lead Economist and Chief, Trade Policy Research Group, World Bank Robert Howse, Lloyd C. Nelson Professor of International Law, New York University School of Law Sam Laird, Chief, Research Section, Trade Analysis Branch, Division for International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities, UNCTAD Raymundo Valdes, WTO Manfred Elsig, Assistant Professor in International Relations at the WTI Joost Pauwelyn, Professor of International Law, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID), Geneva Thomas Bernauer, Professor of Political Science at ETH Zurich Mitsuo Matsushita, Professor Emeritus at Tokyo University and a former member of the WTO Appellate Body. Gregory Shaffer, Melvin C. Steen Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School Joel Trachtman, Professor of International Law, Tufts University Alan O. Sykes, Directs Masters Program in International Economic Law, Business and Policy, Stanford University Cedric Dupont, Professor of International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Manfred Elsig, Assistant Professor at the World Trade Institute, University of Bern Thomas Cottier, Managing Director of the World Trade Institute and the Institute of European and International Economic Law, Professor of European and International Economic Law, University of Bern Richard Baldwin, Professor of International Economics, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Tim Josling, Professor, Emeritus, Food Research Institute, Stanford University Andrew G. Brown, Wellfleet Chamber of Commerce Drusilla Brown, Associate Professor of Economics and Director of Tufts International Relations Program, Tufts University Meera Fickling, Research Analyst, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington DC Gary Hufbauer, Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics; Institute for International Economics Bernard Hoekman, World Bank - Development Research Group (DECRG); Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Steven Bernstein, Director of the MGA, an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Toronto Erin Hannah, Department of Political Science, University of Toronto
As tariffs on imports of manufactures have been reduced as a result of multi-lateral trade negotiations, interest in the extent to which existing nontariff barriers may distort and restrict ...international trade is growing. Accurate and reliable measures are needed in order to address the issues involving the use and impacts of nontariff barriers. This study assesses currently available methods for quantifying such barriers and makes recommendations as to those methods that can be most effectively employed. The authors focus both on the conceptual issues arising in the measurement of the different types of nontariff barriers and on the applied research that has been carried out in studies prepared by country members of the OECD Pilot Group and others seeking to quantify the barriers.
Nontariff barriers include quotas, variable levies, voluntary export restraints, government procurement regulations, domestic subsidies, and antidumping and countervailing duty measures. The authors discuss the many different methods available for measuring the effects of these and other nontariff barriers. Illustrative results are presented for industrial OECD countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Norway, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Finally, the authors offer guideline principles and recommend procedures for measuring different types of nontariff barriers.
Economists, political scientists, government officials, and lawyers involved in international trade will find this an invaluable resource for understanding and measuring NTBs.
Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern are Professors of Economics and Public Policy, University of Michigan.
This book brings together a collection of papers that Robert M Stern and his co-authors have written in recent years. The collection addresses a variety of issues pertinent to the global trading ...system. One group of papers deals with globalization in terms of what the public needs to know about this phenomenon and the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO), whether some countries may be hurt by globalization, how global market integration relates to national sovereignty, and how and whether considerations of fairness are and should be dealt with in the global trading system and WTO negotiations. A second group of papers consists of analytical and computational modeling studies of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements and negotiations from a global and national perspective for the United States and other major trading countries.
Psychophysiological recording Stern, Robert M; Ray, William J; Quigley, Karen S
2001., 2000-12-21, 2000, 2000-11-27
eBook
This text contains a revised edition of a book on psychophysiological recording. The
book includes information on the most up-to-date equipment used today to do brain
scanning and discusses other ...equipment not available in 1980. A new chapter on
signal processing and analysis has been added, and discussions cover nonlinear
systems as well as cognitive psychophysiology.
Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare hematologic illness of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction, with unknown etiology. Although therapies targeting IL-6 have been ...proven effective, a subset of patients with iMCD are resistant to this approach. In this issue of the JCI, Fajgenbaum et al. performed an in-depth analysis of serum inflammatory markers in three iMCD patients refractory to IL-6 blockade, and identified activation of the mTOR pathway associated with symptom flares. Treatment with sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, induced remission in all three patients. This study models a precision medicine approach to discovering therapies for rare diseases.
Alan Deardorff was 65 years old on June 6, 2009. To celebrate this occasion, a Festschrift in his honor was held on October 2–3, 2009, in the Rackham Amphitheater at the University of Michigan in Ann ...Arbor. The Festschrift was entitled “Comparative Advantage, Economic Growth, and the Gains from Trade and Globalization: A Festschrift in Honor of Alan V Deardorff.” It was co-organized by two of Professor Deardorff's former students, Drusilla Brown of Tufts University and Robert Staiger of Stanford University, together with Robert Stern representing the University of Michigan.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare stem cell disorder characterized by hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, and thrombosis. Until recently, the complement inhibitor, eculizumab, ...was the only United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved therapy for the treatment of PNH. Although effective, eculizumab requires a frequent dosing schedule that can be burdensome for some patients and increases the risk of breakthrough intravascular hemolysis. Ravulizumab, an eculizumab-like monoclonal antibody engineered to have a longer half-life, is intended to provide the same benefits as eculizumab but with a more convenient and effective dosing schedule. In two recently published phase III non-inferiority trials, ravulizumab was found to be non-inferior to eculizumab both in efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with PNH. Based on these results, ravulizumab was approved by the US FDA on 21 December 2018 and is currently under regulatory review in both the European Union and Japan.
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a disorder characterized by bladder pain upon filling which severely affects quality of life. Clinical presentation can vary. Local ...inflammatory events typify the clinical presentation of IC/BPS patients with Hunner lesions (IC/BPS-HL). It has previously been proposed that B cells are more prevalent in HL, but understanding their exact role in this environment requires a more complete immunological profile of HL. We characterized immunological dysfunction specifically in HL using immunohistochemistry. We detected significantly more plasma cells (50× increase, p < 0.0001), B cells (28× increase, p < 0.0001), T cells (3× increase, p < 0.0001), monocytes/macrophages (6× increase, p < 0.0001), granulocytes (4× increase, p < 0.0001), and natural killer cells (2× increase, p = 0.0249) in IC/BPS patients with HL than in unaffected controls (UC). Patients with IC/BPS-HL also had significantly elevated urinary levels of IL-6 (p = 0.0054), TNF-α (p = 0.0064) and IL-13 (p = 0.0304) compared to patients with IC/BPS without HL (IC/BPS-NHL). In contrast, IL-12p70 levels were significantly lower in the patients with HL than in those without these lesions (p = 0.0422). Different cytokines were elevated in the urine of IC/BPS patients with and without HL, indicating that different disease processes are active in IC/BPS patients with and without HL. Elevated levels of CD138+, CD20+, and CD3+ cells in HL are consistent B and T-cell involvement in disease processes within HL.
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