One of the most important roles of soil tillage, especially conventional one, based on mouldboard ploughing, is the control of biotic factors, among them weed control. Research of influence of ...different soil tillage treatments on weed population in winter wheat crop has been undertaken at chernozem soil type in Eastern Croatia, during four years (2002-2005), with very different weather patterns. Eight soil tillage treatments, different in intensity of depth and frequency of soil tillage operations, were applied for winter wheat crop, in crop rotation after soybean. For each crop, four treatments had continuous soil tillage system (CT: mouldboard ploughing tillage, DH: disk harrowing tillage, CT: chiselling tillage and NT: no-till) and another four treatments had discontinuous soil tillage system (conventional tillage for one crop, and disk harrowing or no-tillage for another crop, where applied conventional systems for winter wheat were CWDS and CwNs, diskharrowing in CSDW and No-till in CsNw). Applied herbicides showed very high effectiveness for all soil tillage treatments. In droughty season 2003/04, in comparison with seasons 2001/02 and 2004/05, number of weed species (2.03, 3.19 and 2.78 weed species m-2, respectively) and number of weeds (118, 128 and 141 weeds per m-2, respectively) were significantly lower. In comparison with CT, only CwNs showed higher number of weeds (134 vs. 211 weeds m-2). CWDS, CSDW, CH and NT all had lower number of weeds than CwNs (71, 77, 84, 97 and 211 weeds m-2, respectively). Regarding w. wheat grain yield, there were no statistical differences between CT (5.62 t ha-1) and CH, CSDW, CsNw, DH and CWDS (+140, +60, 0, -30 and -120 kg ha-1, respectively), thus presenting proper soil tillage systems instead of mouldboard ploughing.
Cilj ovog rada bio je prikazati agrotehničke mjere, prinos sjemena i sadržaj ulja suncokreta uzgajanog u ekološkoj proizvodnji na OPG-u "Ivica Plazibat“ u razdoblju od 2016. do 2020. godine. Sjetva ...suncokreta je obavljena u optimalnim rokovima u travnju, a žetva u zadnjoj dekadi rujna, tako da je dužina vegetacije varirala od 153 do 175 dana. Prosječna masa 1000 sjemenki varirala je od 81 g (2018.) do 86 g (2020. godine). Sadržaj ulja u sjemenu kretao se od 44 % (2018. godine) do 53 % (2020. godine). Ostvareni prinos sjemena iznosio je od 3,7 t/ha (2016. i 2019. godine) do 4,1 t/ha (2020. godine).
A multidisciplinary field experiment for winter wheat was conducted in Croatia during three seasons. The intention was to examine the effect of tillage systems (TS) on the economic indicators, that ...is, on the gross margin (GM), rate of profitability (ROP), cost-effectiveness (E) and productivity (P). The TSs were as follows: CT — plowing up to a 30 cm depth, DT — disking up 8-12 cm, LT — loosening up to 35 cm and NT — no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized block one in four repetitions, whereby the basic TS plot amounted to 540 m2 . The economic indicators were calculated using the economic equations and standards. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results are pointing that the LT assigned the prime economic results. The ROP was in the following order: CT (32.67%) < DT (37.39%) < LT (40.31%) < NT (42.29%). The same order was established for the E, as follows: CT (1.33) < DT (1.37) < LT (1.40) < NT (1.42). The NT established the best P because of the lowest production costs, but due to a significantly lower yield, the NT has a limited adoption in practice. A viable agricultural production by the implementation of reduced soil tillage systems has its capabilities and potential while invigorating economic sustainability and agricultural production’s financial efficiency.
Multidisciplinarni terenski pokus za ozimu pšenicu izveden je u Hrvatskoj tijekom triju sezona . Namjera ove studije bila je ispitati učinak sustava obrade tla (TS) na ekonomske pokazatelje kao što su bruto-marža (GM), stopa profitabilnosti (ROP), isplativost (E) i produktivnost (P). TS su bili sljedeći: CT — oranje do 30 cm dubine, DT — tanjuranje 8-12 cm dubine, LT — rahljenje do 35 cm dubine i NT — bez obrade tla. Eksperimentalni je dizajn bio randomiziran i blokni, u četiri ponavljanja, pri čemu je osnovna TS parcela iznosila 540 m2 . Ekonomski pokazatelji izračunani su korištenjem ekonomskih jednadžba i standarda. Statistička analiza provedena je softverom SAS 9.3 i Microsoft Excelom 2016. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da je s aspekta ekonomskih proračuna LT ostvario najbolje ekonomske rezultate. ROP je redom bio sljedeći: CT (32,67%) < DT (37,39%) < LT (40,31%) < NT (42,29%). Isti redoslijed utvrđen je i za E, i to redom: CT (1,33) < DT (1,37) < LT (1,40) < NT (1,42). NT je ostvario najbolji P zbog najnižih troškova proizvodnje, ali zbog znatno nižega prinosa NT ima ograničeno usvajanje u praksi. Održiva poljoprivredna proizvodnja implementacijom reduciranih sustava obrade tla ima svoje mogućnosti i potencijal, i to posebno ekonomski, potencirajući ekoodrživost i financijsku učinkovitost poljoprivredne proizvodnje.
The uptake of copper and lead supplied in nutrient solution (500 μM) and their detrimental impact on photosynthetic pigments concentration and dry matter accumulation in three lettuce cultivars were ...investigated. The concentration of copper and lead in lettuce leaf ranged from 8.62 to 14.20 mg kg-1leaf dry weight for copper, and from 1.97 to 4.05 mg kg-1leaf dry weight for lead, after two days of exposure. In copper and lead treated plants significant differences in leaf and root dry weight accumulation were not established, but concentrations of chlorophyll b and carotenoids showed significant reduction in cultivar Triatlon. In other words, tolerant genotype (cultivar Nadine) accumulated less copper and lead in leaves, the edible parts of lettuce, therefore such genotypes could be recommended for planting on potentially polluted soils.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi utjecaj tretmana Rivergreen-om® na rast i razvoj presadnica salate i endivije u kontroliranim uvjetima. Rivergreen® je pripravak nastao mljevenjem i ...tribomehaničkom aktivacijom kamena iz rijeke Drave. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratoriju za povrćarstvo, cvjećarstvo i ljekovito bilje na Fakultetu agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek. Korištene su dvije sorte salate ('Majska kraljica' i 'Ljubljanska ledenka') te dvije sorte endivije ('Eskariol žuta' i 'Eskariol zelena'). Sjeme salate i endivije je posijano u polisitrenske kontejnere sa 60 sjetvenih mjesta napunjeni čistim supstratom i supstratom koji je kondicioniran Rivergreen-om®. Također, Rivergreen® je primijenjen zalijavanjem presadnica s vodenom otopinom u koncentraciji 0,25 %. Pokus je postavljen kao monofaktorijalni po split-plot shemi u 5 ponavljanja po varijanti. Nakon obrade podataka, utvrđen je statistički značajan utjecaj tretmana s Rivergreen-om® na pojedina promatrana svojstva rasta i razvoja presadnica kod ispitivanih sorti salate i endivije. Kod sorte salate 'Majska kraljica' te endivije 'Eskariol žuta' je uočeno značajno povećanje svježe i suhe mase nadzemnog dijela. Također, uočeno je i značajno povećanje broja i širine lista dok tretman nije značajno utjecao na dužinu lista kod niti jedne ispitivane vrste i sorte u ovom istraživanju. Na temelju rezultata ovog istraživanja može se zaključiti da Rivergreen® pozitivno utječe na rast i razvoj presadnica salate i endivije, ali je odgovor biljke na njegovu primjenu uvjetovan vrstom te sortom.
Cilj rada je bio utvrditi utjecaj LED (Light Emitting Diodes) i FLUO (fluorescentno svjetlo) osvjetljenja na klijavost i energiju klijanja sjemena te masu i visinu klijanaca matovilca i kres salate. ...Sjetva naturalnog sjemena provedena je u Petrijeve zdjelice u komori opremljenoj LED i FLUO lampama. LED lampe su bile opremljene crvenim (650-670 nm) i plavim (440-460 nm) LED diodama u omjeru 3:1. Istraživanje je provedeno u Laboratoriju za povrćarstvo, cvjećarstvo, ljekovito i začinsko bilje Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Osijeku. Utvrđen je statistički opravdan utjecaj tipa osvjetljenja na energiju klijanja i klijavost sjemena matovilca, a veće vrijednosti utvrđene su uslijed primjene LED lampi. Suprotno, pod FLUO lampama je utvrđena značajno veća masa i visina klijanaca matovilca te visina klijanaca kres salate. Međutim, tip osvjetljenja nije značajno utjecao na klijavost i energiju klijanja te masu klijanaca kres salate. Prema tome, može se zaključiti da je odgovor na tip osvjetljenja uvjetovan biljnom vrstom već od samih početaka rasta i razvoja.
The trial with different side-dressing fertilizations for winter wheat has been conducted at Vetovo site, Croatia, in vegetation seasons 2007/08 and 2008/09. Results showed that all foliar ...side-dressing treatments gave winter wheat grain yield higher than the control, and that M1 (8 l of foliar NPK fertilizer Profert Mara/ha) treatment showed equal in comparison with KAN side-dressing. Treatments M2 (16 l of foliar fertilizer/ha) and M3 (24 l of foliar fertilizer/ha) had, in comparison with the control KAN and M1 treatments, higher yield which leads toward conclusion that foliar treatments can be recommended for side-dressing for given ecological conditions.
The aim of this study was to analyze the yield components of winter oilseed rape depending on the plant population in 2017/2018 growing season. Three plant populatios were considered in the study: ...20, 40 and 60 plants m-2. At harvest several yield components were determined: plant height (cm), plant mass (g), height of the first fertile branch (cm), number of fertile lateral branches, number of pods per plant, length of the pod (cm), number of seeds per pod, mass of seeds per pod (g), number of seeds per plant, 1000 grain mass (g) and yield of seeds per plant (g). At the plant population of 40 plants m-2 the plants were the highest (153.4 cm), with the highest plant mass (295.3 g) and the number of lateral fertile branches (5.6 branches per plant). Furthermore, the plants from 40 plants m-2 had the highest number of pods per plant (716 pieces), the longest pods (6.5 cm) with the largest number of seeds per pod (21.0) and the number of seeds per plant (15 036 seeds). The highest and significant correlation coeficient was found between number of pods per plant and plant mass (r=0.890***) and than between the number of lateral branches and number of pods per plant (r=0.850***). Linear regression showed that for every centimeter increment of pod length the number of seeds increase for 4.8 seeds at 20 and 40 plants m-2 and for 5.5 seeds per pod at 60 plants m-2. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that for every centimeter pod length increment the seeds mass per pod increase on average of all plant population for 0.02 g.
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