We report the analysis of deep radio observations of the interacting galaxy system M51 from the Very Large Array, with the goal of understanding the nature of the population of compact radio sources ...in nearby spiral galaxies. We detect 107 compact radio sources, 64% of which have optical counterparts in a deep Ha Hubble Space Telescope image. Thirteen of the radio sources have X-ray counterparts from a Chandra observation of M51. We find that six of the associated Ha sources are young supernova remnants (SNRs) with resolved shells. Most of the SNRs exhibit steep radio continuum spectral indices consistent with synchrotron emission. We detect emission from the Type Ic SN 1994I nearly a decade after explosion: the emission (160 ± 22 mJy beam-1 at 20 cm, 46 ± 11 mJy beam-1 at 6 cm, a = -1.02 ± 0.28) is consistent with light-curve models for Type Ib/Ic supernovae. We detect X-ray emission from the supernova; however, no optical counterpart is present. We report on the analysis of the Seyfert 2 nucleus in this galaxy, including the evidence for bipolar outflows from the central black hole.
A group of 13 authors (GA) shared a statement of concern (SoC) warning against the use of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991, 2003) to assess risk for serious institutional ...violence in U.S. capital sentencing cases (DeMatteo et al., 2020). Notably, the SoC was not confined to capital sentencing issues, but included institutional violence in general. Central to the arguments presented in the SoC was that the PCL-R has poor predictive validity for institutional violence and also inadequate field reliability. The GA also identified important issues about the fallibility and inappropriate use of any clinical/forensic assessments, questionable evaluator qualifications, and their effects on capital sentencing decisions. However, as a group of forensic academics, researchers, and clinicians, we are concerned that the PCL-R represents a psycholegal red herring, while the SoC did not sufficiently address critical legislative, systemic, and evaluator/rating issues that affect all forensic assessment tools. We contend that the SoC's literature review was selective and that some of the resultant opinions about uses and misuses of the PCL-R were potentially misleading. We focus our response on the evidence and conclusions proffered by the GA concerning the use of the PCL-R in capital and other cases. We provide new empirical findings regarding the PCL-R's predictive validity and field reliability to further demonstrate its relevance for institutional violence risk assessment and management. We further demonstrate why the argument that group data cannot be relevant for single-case assessments is erroneous. Recommendations to support the ethical and appropriate use of the PCL-R for risk assessment are provided.
The present investigation examined the predictive accuracy of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) for youth and adult recidivism in a Canadian sample of 167 youths (93 ...males, 74 females) charged with serious offenses who received psychological services from a community mental health outpatient clinic. Youths were followed for an average of 7 years in the community, and predictive accuracy was examined for several recidivism outcomes as a function of gender, ethnicity, and developmental age group. YLS/CMI total scores significantly predicted all recidivism categories in the overall sample (area under the curve values ranged from 0.66 to 0.77) although the instrument as a whole, and its criminogenic needs, demonstrated somewhat stronger and more consistent predictive accuracy for youth outcomes. The YLS/CMI also demonstrated significant predictive accuracy within demographic subgroups. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the use of risk-need assessment tools in providing clinical assessment, treatment, and case management services to diverse young offender groups.
In the cell, DNA is wrapped on histone octamers, which reduces its accessibility for DNA interacting enzymes. We investigated de novo methylation of nucleosomal DNA in vitro and show that the Dnmt3a ...and Dnmt1 DNA methyltransferases efficiently methylate nucleosomal DNA without dissociation of the histone octamer from the DNA. In contrast, the prokaryotic SssI DNA methyltransferase and the catalytic domain of Dnmt3a are strongly inhibited by nucleosomes. We also found that full-length Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a bind to nucleosomes much stronger than their isolated catalytic domains, demonstrating that the N-terminal parts of the MTases are required for the interaction with nucleosomes. Variations of the DNA sequence or the histone tails did not significantly influence the methylation activity of Dnmt3a. The observation that mammalian methyltransferases directly modify nucleosomal DNA provides an insight into the mechanisms by which histone tail and DNA methylation patterns can influence each other because the DNA methylation pattern can be established while histones remain associated to the DNA.
Aims. We present the optical observations of the afterglow of the Swift burst GRB 101024A and try to reconcile these observations with the X-ray afterglow data of GRB 101024A using current afterglow ...models Methods. We employ early optical observations, using the Zadko Telescope combined with X-ray data, to compare them with the reverse shock/forward shock model. Results. The early optical light curve reveals a very unusual steep decay index of α ~ 5. This is followed by a flattening and possibly a plateau phase coincident with a similar feature in the X-ray. We discuss these observations in the framework of the standard reverse shock/forward shock model and energy injection. The plateau phase might also be the signature of the formation of a new magnetar.
An experiment using 12 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows was undertaken for 3 weeks in September-October 2008 to determine milk and blood selenium (Se) concentrations (surrogates for ...bioavailability) when Se-yeast was incorporated into pellets relative to providing unprocessed Se-yeast. The Se in the Se-yeast is principally in the form of seleno-methionine. Since the bioavailability of protein can be reduced by heat processing, it was hypothesised that the temperature and/or pressure conditions associated with commercial pelleting of concentrates would adversely influence the Se concentrations in milk and blood by reducing the bioavailability of Se in the animal compared with Se-yeast that had not been subjected to pelleting. The results clearly showed that pelleting conditions had no effect on concentrations of either milk or blood Se, thereby indicating that pelleting did not have an impact on the bioavailability of the Se in the animal.
During the conduct of an experiment designed to examine the nutritional management of dairy cows in late pregnancy, four cows out of 72 suffered from acute haemoglobinuria two to four weeks after ...calving. Thirty‐six thin and 36 fat cows were individually fed one of three diets based on a total mixed ration with different energy or protein concentrations during the last 3 to 4 weeks before expected calving date. After calving, cows grazed pasture and were offered 6 kg dry matter of pelleted concentrates daily. The P concentrations of the feeds offered suggested that the cows' diets were marginally deficient in P relative to requirements. Plasma P concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in fat cows than in thin cows during the first 6 weeks of lactation (0.87 versus 1.12 mmol/L), but precalving diet had no effect (P > 0.05). Concentrations of plasma inorganic P of the four fat cows that developed acute haemoglobinuria were less than 0.3 mmol/L. However, plasma P concentrations in another 12 cows, none of which displayed overt symptoms, declined to similar levels. It appeared that inadequate dietary P may have predisposed cows to acute haemoglobinuria, but the precipitating cause was not readily obvious.
The present study examined the convergent and predictive validity of the Jesness Inventories (JI) in a sample of 138 juvenile offenders, completed in the course of routine service delivery. JI ...profiles were compared with ratings on three standardized forensic clinical scales: the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory, Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version, and Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version. The JI Asocial Index and the Undersocialized Active and Group-Oriented Conformist Interpersonal Maturity Level (I-level) subtypes demonstrated the strongest pattern of convergence and most consistently predicted recidivism. The Asocial Index did not incrementally predict recidivism after controlling for scores on the standardized forensic clinical scales; however, meaningful differences among broad I-Level groups (I-3 and I-4) remained after controlling for risk. Risk-need-responsivity applications of the JI (i.e., in terms of treatment dosage, identifying treatment targets, and adaptation of services) are discussed within the context of a comprehensive forensic assessment framework to inform case formulation, service delivery, and decision making with justice involved youth.
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