A measurement of the W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at Formula: see text TeV is presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to an ...integrated luminosity of 19.4Formula: see text. The Formula: see text candidates are selected from events with two charged leptons, electrons or muons, and large missing transverse energy. The measured Formula: see text cross section is Formula: see text, consistent with the standard model prediction. The Formula: see text cross sections are also measured in two different fiducial phase space regions. The normalized differential cross section is measured as a function of kinematic variables of the final-state charged leptons and compared with several perturbative QCD predictions. Limits on anomalous gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are also given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95 % confidence level intervals are Formula: see text, Formula: see text, Formula: see text, in the HISZ basis.
Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) pavements are durable and can be built rapidly and economically. In previous research, the gyratory compactor has proved to be a reliable instrument and overcome the ...drawbacks of other methods used to mold laboratory and field samples. Work is under way by different organizations in Canada, Japan, and the United States to improve mix design procedures for RCC. One procedure widely used for RCC pavements was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This research investigated improving mixture proportioning of RCC by using a gyratory compactor. Previous research suggested that the gyratory compactor could be used effectively to produce RCC test samples for both compressive and splitting tensile strength. An RCC mix design procedure using the gyratory compactor can benefit many transportation agencies because it provides a reliable way to evaluate the strength and density of RCC mix designs. Results for several RCC mixtures compacted to different densities are presented, along with comparisons with modified Proctor test results. Using the gyratory compactor to design better RCC mixtures might lower the costs and improve the reliability of RCC pavements.
It is uncertain whether HIV-1 antiretroviral exposure and clinical response varies between males and females or different race/ethnic groups. We describe ritonavir-enhanced atazanavir ...pharmacokinetics in relation to virological failure, safety and tolerability in treatment-naive individuals to investigate potential differences.
Plasma samples were collected from participants in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5202 for measurement of antiretroviral concentrations. Individual estimates of apparent oral clearance of atazanavir (L/h) were calculated from a one-compartment model and divided into tertiles as slow (<7), middle (7 to <9; reference group) and fast (≥9). Associations between atazanavir clearance and clinical outcomes were estimated with a hazard ratio (HR) from Cox proportional hazards models. Interactions between atazanavir clearance and sex, race/ethnicity and NRTIs were investigated for each of the outcomes.
Among 786 participants, average atazanavir clearance was slower in females (n = 131) than males (n = 655). Atazanavir clearance was associated with time to virological failure (P = 0.053) and this relationship differed significantly by sex (P = 0.003). Females in the fast atazanavir clearance group had shorter time to virological failure (HR 3.49; 95% CI 1.24-9.84) compared with the middle (reference) atazanavir clearance group. Among males, the slow atazanavir clearance group had a higher risk of virological failure (HR 2.10; 95% CI 1.16-3.77).
Atazanavir clearance differed by sex. Females with fast clearance and males with slow clearance had increased risk of virological failure.
Measurements of the Formula: see textFormula: see text production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8Formula: see text are presented. Candidate events for ...the leptonic decay mode Formula: see text, where Formula: see text denotes an electron or a muon, are reconstructed and selected from data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 (19.6)Formula: see text at 7 (8)Formula: see text collected with the CMS experiment. The measured cross sections, Formula: see text at 7Formula: see text, and Formula: see text at 8Formula: see text, are in good agreement with the standard model predictions with next-to-leading-order accuracy. The selected data are analyzed to search for anomalous triple gauge couplings involving the Formula: see textFormula: see text final state. In the absence of any deviation from the standard model predictions, limits are set on the relevant parameters. These limits are then combined with the previously published CMS results for Formula: see textFormula: see text in 4Formula: see text final states, yielding the most stringent constraints on the anomalous couplings.
Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol content is positively correlated in cellular membranes, and in several pathological and experimental conditions there is evidence for coregulation. The potential ...role of oxysterols and oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) in mediating the coregulation of cholesterol and SM was examined using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and cholesterol auxotrophic, sterol regulatory defective (SRD) 6 cells. SRD 6 cells grown in the presence or absence of cholesterol for 24 h displayed a 30-50% reduction in SM synthesis compared with control CHO 7 cells. SM synthesis in CHO 7 and cholesterol-supplemented SRD 6 cells was stimulated 2-fold by 25-hydroxycholesterol, but cholesterol-starved SRD 6 cells were unresponsive. Basal and 25-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated SM synthesis was also inhibited in lovastatin-treated wild-type CHO-K1 cells. Lack of 25-hydroxycholesterol activation of SM synthesis in cholesterol-starved SRD 6 and lovastatin-treated CHO-K1 cells was correlated with dephosphorylation of OSBP. In SRD 6 cells, this was evident after 12 h of cholesterol depletion, it occurred equally at all phosphorylation sites and was exacerbated by 25-hydroxycholesterol. Unlike CHO 7 cells, where OSBP was observed in small vesicles and the cytoplasm, OSBP in cholesterol-starved SRD 6 cells was constitutively localized in the Golgi apparatus. Supplementation with non-lipoprotein cholesterol promoted redistribution to vesicles and the cytoplasm. Similarly, OSBP in CHO-K1 cells grown in delipidated serum was predominantly in the Golgi apparatus. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) supplementation of CHO-K1 cells caused the redistribution of OSBP to the cytoplasm and small vesicles, and this effect was blocked by pharmacological agents ¿3-beta-2-(diethylamino)ethoxyandrost-5-en-17-one and progesterone¿, which inhibited LDL cholesterol efflux from lysosomes. The results showed that localization of OSBP between the Golgi apparatus and a cytoplasmic/vesicular compartment was responsive to changes in cholesterol content and trafficking. In cholesterol depleted SRD 6 cells, this was accompanied by dephosphorylation of OSBP and attenuation of 25-hydroxycholesterol activation of SM synthesis.
This article addresses the themes of individualism, partnership and collectivism in British industrial relations by reporting on a detailed three‐year case‐study‐based research project. Drawing on ...this data set, we offer insights into practical developments in contemporary workplaces and into the thinking of managers and employee representatives as they attempt to steer new paths in their relations. In particular, we examine what happens in practice when senior management teams, in previously collectivized organizations, set out with the explicit intent of shifting the balance of emphasis towards more ‘individualized’ relations with employees and/or to devise new ‘partnership’ arrangements.
The large number of high-resolution spectra routinely recorded in the astrophysical and fusion communities leads to the need for an extensive set of accurate baseline atomic data. The advantages of ...the intermediate-coupling frame transformation (ICFT) R-matrix method make it feasible to provide excitation data along iso-electronic sequences (Z ≤ 36) at the high level of accuracy afforded by the R-matrix method. The resultant data helps to overcome the longstanding shortcomings in X-ray and EUV astronomy. This is one of the key goals of the UK Atomic Processes for Astrophysical Plasmas (APAP) network.
Stringent limits are set on the long-lived lepton-like sector of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model (pMSSM) and the anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) model. The ...limits are derived from the results presented in a recent search for long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions, based on data collected by the CMS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. In the pMSSM parameter sub-space considered, 95.9 % of the points predicting charginos with a lifetime of at least 10 ns are excluded. These constraints on the pMSSM are the first obtained at the LHC. Charginos with a lifetime greater than 100 ns and masses up to about 800 GeV in the AMSB model are also excluded. The method described can also be used to set constraints on other models.
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