ABSTRACT The BESS-Polar Collaboration measured the energy spectra of cosmic-ray protons and helium during two long-duration balloon flights over Antarctica in 2004 December and 2007 December at ...substantially different levels of solar modulation. Proton and helium spectra probe the origin and propagation history of cosmic rays in the galaxy, and are essential to calculations of the expected spectra of cosmic-ray antiprotons, positrons, and electrons from interactions of primary cosmic-ray nuclei with the interstellar gas, and to calculations of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We report absolute spectra at the top of the atmosphere for cosmic-ray protons in the kinetic energy range 0.2-160 GeV and helium nuclei in the range 0.15-80 GeV/nucleon. The corresponding magnetic-rigidity ranges are 0.6-160 GV for protons and 1.1-160 GV for helium. These spectra are compared to measurements from previous BESS flights and from ATIC-2, PAMELA, and AMS-02. We also report the ratio of the proton and helium fluxes from 1.1 to 160 GV and compare this to the ratios from PAMELA and AMS-02.
We report abundances of elements from 26Fe to 34Se in the cosmic radiation measured during fifty days of exposure of the Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER) balloon-borne instrument. These ...observations add support to the concept that the bulk of cosmic ray acceleration takes place in OB associations, and they further support cosmic ray acceleration models in which elements present in interstellar grains are accelerated preferentially compared with those found in interstellar gas.
Primary and atmospheric cosmic-ray spectra were precisely measured with the BESS-TeV spectrometer. The spectrometer was upgraded from BESS-98 to achieve seven times higher resolution in momentum ...measurement. We report absolute fluxes of primary protons and helium nuclei in the energy ranges, 1–540 GeV and 1–250 GeV/n, respectively, and absolute flux of atmospheric muons in the momentum range 0.6–400 GeV/c.
The balloon-borne experiment with a superconducting spectrometer (BESS) instrument was developed as a high-resolution, high-geometric-acceptance magnetic-rigidity spectrometer for sensitive ...measurements of cosmic-ray antiparticles, searches for antinuclei, and precise measurements of the absolute fluxes of light GCR elements and isotopes. The original BESS experiment flew 8 times over Lynn Lake, Canada and once from Fort Sumner, USA during the period of 1993 through 2002, with continuous improvement in the instrument. Based on the instrument concept inherited from the BESS spectrometer, a very low instrumental energy cutoff for antiprotons was achieved with a new thin-walled superconducting magnet and removal of the outer pressure vessel for BESS-Polar project. The first and second scientific flights called BESS-Polar I/II were successfully performed, over Antarctica in 2004 December and 2007 December respectively. We report the scientific results, focusing on the long-duration flights of BESS-Polar I (2004) and BESS-Polar II (2007–2008).
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