Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, stress and sleeping quality after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19 among ...undergraduate fresh students compared to their pre-COVID-19 measures. We used participants from the Chinese Undergraduate Cohort (CUC), a national prospective longitudinal study to examine the changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity, stress and sleep quality after being under mass quarantine for three months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test was used to compare the lifestyle indicators. Severity of anxiety, depression symptoms, stress and sleep quality were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) to further quantify the change in mental health indicators and sleep quality after the COVID-19 mass quarantine compared to baseline. This study found that there was no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students in 2020 after COVID-19 mass quarantine compared with the baseline measures in 2019. There was an improvement in sleep quality and anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, exercise habit, time spent on mobile gadgets, and time spent outdoors, year 2020 was significantly associated with severity of depression symptoms in males (OR:1.52. 95%CI:1.05–2.20,
p
-value = 0.027). Year 2020 was significantly associated with the improvement of sleeping quality in total (OR:0.45, 95%CI:0.38–0.52,
p
< 0.001) and in all the subgroups. This longitudinal study found no deterioration in mental health status among Chinese new undergraduate students after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19.
Introduction:
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms worldwide with approximately 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths each year. The expression levels of programmed death ligand-1 ...(PDL1) demonstrate a complex association with lung cancer. Neuroblastoma is a high-risk malignant tumor and is mainly involved in childhood patients. Identification of new biomarkers for these two diseases can significantly promote their diagnosis and therapy. However,
in vivo
experiments to discover potential biomarkers are costly and laborious. Consequently, artificial intelligence technologies, especially machine learning methods, provide a powerful avenue to find new biomarkers for various diseases.
Methods:
We developed a machine learning-based method named LDAenDL to detect potential long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) biomarkers for lung cancer and neuroblastoma using an ensemble of a deep neural network and LightGBM. LDAenDL first computes the Gaussian kernel similarity and functional similarity of lncRNAs and the Gaussian kernel similarity and semantic similarity of diseases to obtain their similar networks. Next, LDAenDL combines a graph convolutional network, graph attention network, and convolutional neural network to learn the biological features of the lncRNAs and diseases based on their similarity networks. Third, these features are concatenated and fed to an ensemble model composed of a deep neural network and LightGBM to find new lncRNA–disease associations (LDAs). Finally, the proposed LDAenDL method is applied to identify possible lncRNA biomarkers associated with lung cancer and neuroblastoma.
Results:
The experimental results show that LDAenDL computed the best AUCs of 0.8701, 107 0.8953, and 0.9110 under cross-validation on lncRNAs, diseases, and lncRNA‐disease pairs on Dataset 1, respectively, and 0.9490, 0.9157, and 0.9708 on Dataset 2, respectively. Furthermore, AUPRs of 0.8903, 0.9061, and 0.9166 under three cross‐validations were obtained on Dataset 1, and 0.9582, 0.9122, and 0.9743 on Dataset 2. The results demonstrate that LDAenDL significantly outperformed the other four classical LDA prediction methods (i.e., SDLDA, LDNFSGB, IPCAF, and LDASR). Case studies demonstrate that CCDC26 and IFNG-AS1 may be new biomarkers of lung cancer, SNHG3 may associate with PDL1 for lung cancer, and HOTAIR and BDNF-AS may be potential biomarkers of neuroblastoma.
Conclusion:
We hope that the proposed LDAenDL method can help the development of targeted therapies for these two diseases.
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•409−420 Ma bimodal volcanics occurring in the East Kunlun orogen.•These volcanics formed in a postcollisional extensional setting.•Mafic magma derived from the asthenospheric ...mantle.•EKOB evolved into a post-collisional collapse stage since Late Silurian.
The late Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the East Kunlun orogen are crucial to determining collisional processes related to the evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. We report new zircon U-Pb ages, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes from these volcanic rocks and constrain their tectonic setting and magmatic processes. This volcanic suite consists mainly of foliated metarhyolites and minor metabasalts. Zircon U-Pb ages indicate that the bimodal volcanic rocks formed from Late Silurian to Early Devonian (ca. 420−409 Ma). The basalts show tholeiitic geochemical signatures characterized by low contents of SiO2 (47.19–54.83 %), MgO (2.21–7.52 %), and K2O/Na2O ratios (0.32−0.77%) and high contents of TiO2 (1.80–2.91 %). Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by enrichments in LREEs (LREE/HREE = 3.68–6.09) with slight Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.67–1.00); their patterns are similar to the reference line of oceanic island basalt (OIB). The primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram also shows similarities with OIBs and features overall enrichments in large ion lithophile and high field strength elements, except for Nb and Ta. The εNd(t = 422 Ma) values range narrowly from −1.79 to +1.32. These features suggest that the basalts were most likely derived from an asthenospheric mantle that was contaminated by small volumes of subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM)/crust. The variations in major and trace elements show that the basalts experienced fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase. In contrast, the metarhyolites have high SiO2 (65.85–70.83 %), Na2O + K2O (6.71–10.09 %), K2O/Na2O ratios (1.69–2.80 %) and low MgO, Ni, and Cr contents. Their trace element signatures show enrichments in LILEs and LREEs (e.g. Cs, Rb, Ba), depletion of HFSEs (e.g. Nb, Ti, Ta) and high negative Eu anomalies. These features suggest a crustal origin lacking interactions with mantle melts. Considering all the geochemical and tectonic events of this area, it is concluded that the Maoniushan Formation volcanic rocks in EKOB formed in a postcollisional extensional setting related to asthenospheric mantle upwelling and continental delamination processes during the Late Silurian to Early Devonian. These tectonic-magmatic events, together with previous data, suggest that the Proto-Tethys Ocean had closed and evolved to postcollisional collapse stage since the Late Silurian.
Mangiferin, a functional compound extracted from edible plants, has been shown to exhibit favorable uric acid-lowering properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still require further ...investigation. In this study, we utilized a rat model of hyperuricemia to assess the hypouricemic effect of mangiferin and explore its potential mechanism based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 19 differential metabolites significantly altered in serum of hyperuricemic rats through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), which were primarily related to amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Among these differential metabolites, the levels of alpha-methylstyrene, indan-1-ol, and 4-D-hydroxysphinganine significantly increased, while the levels of L-leucine, 2-phenylacetamide, hippuric acid, benzoic acid, isoquinoline, phenylpyruvate, glycerone phosphate, N, N-diethylphenylacetamide and corticosterone significantly decreased in model rats. After mangiferin intervention, 14 metabolites were reversed through modulation of metabolic pathways. Our findings suggest that mangiferin may serve as a useful potential adjuvant in reducing uric acid effects.
The blood pathogens of grasserie caused by
Bombyx mori
nucleopolyhedrovirus BmNPV have a serious impact on the sericulture industry. To understand the genetic status of BmNPV endemic strains in the ...Yunnan sericulture region, the structure and complete genome sequence of BmNPV isolated from Baoshan city of Yunnan Province were described and compared to known strains. The BmNPV-Baoshan isolate was a nucleopolyhedrovirus parasitized in silkworm larvae. Its genome has 128, 452 bp with a G + C content of 40.4%. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the virus with China BmNPV isolates; BmNPV-Baoshan was closely related to BomaNPV-S1 (both strains originated from the same ancestor). BmNPV-Baoshan strain has
bro-b
gene deletion,
hr1
missing 4 repeat units of 30-bp palindrome structure compared to BmNPV-T3 strain. The aim of this study was to elucidate the evolution of the virus further and provide insights for the protection of virus-induced hematologic sepsis.
Protopanaxadiol (PPD) has potential immunomodulatory effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored the potential roles of gut microbiota in the immunity regulation ...mechanisms of PPD using a cyclophosphamide (CTX)‐induced immunosuppression mouse model. Our results showed that a medium dose of PPD (PPD‐M, 50 mg/kg) effectively ameliorated the immunosuppression induced by CTX treatment by promoting bone marrow hematopoiesis, increasing the number of splenic T lymphocytes and regulating the secretion of serum immunoglobulins and cytokines. Meanwhile, PPD‐M protected against CTX‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Oscillospirales, Turicibacter, Coldextribacter, Lachnospiraceae, Dubosiella, and Alloprevotella and reducing the relative abundance of Escherichia‐Shigella. Importantly, PPD‐M lost the ability to promote bone marrow hematopoiesis and enhance immunity when the gut microbiota was depleted by broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Moreover, PPD‐M promoted the production of microbiota‐derived immune‐enhancing metabolites including cucurbitacin C, l‐gulonolactone, ceramide, DG, prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide, palmitoyl glucuronide, 9R,10S‐epoxy‐stearic acid, and 9′‐carboxy‐gamma‐chromanol. KEGG topology analysis showed that the PPD‐M treatment significantly enriched the sphingolipid metabolic pathway with ceramide as a main metabolite. Our findings reveal that PPD enhances immunity by manipulating gut microbiota and has the potential to be used as an immunomodulator in cancer chemotherapy.
CTX treatment leads to immunosuppression and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. PPD treatment can protect against CTX‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. The beneficial bacteria metabolize to produce immune‐enhancing metabolites and anti‐inflammatory metabolites, which contribute to the immune‐enhancing and anti‐inflammatory functions of PPD‐M in CTX‐induced immunosuppressed mice, including promoting bone marrow hematopoiesis to increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells, proliferating splenic lymphocytes, and eliminating inflammation.
Polydatin is a biologically active compound found in mulberries, grapes, and
, and it has uric acid-lowering effects. However, its urate-lowering effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying its ...function require further study.
In this study, a hyperuricemic rat model was established to assess the effects of polydatin on uric acid levels. The body weight, serum biochemical indicators, and histopathological parameters of the rats were evaluated. A UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of action after polydatin treatment.
The results showed a trend of recovery in biochemical indicators after polydatin administration. In addition, polydatin could alleviate damage to the liver and kidneys. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed clear differences between hyperuricemic rats and the control group. Fourteen potential biomarkers were identified in the model group using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. These differential metabolites are involved in amino acid, lipid, and energy metabolism. Of all the metabolites, the levels of L-phenylalanine, L-leucine,
-butanoylcarnitine, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate decreased, and the levels of L-tyrosine, sphinganine, and phytosphingosine significantly increased in hyperuricemic rats. After the administration of polydatin, the 14 differential metabolites could be inverted to varying degrees by regulating the perturbed metabolic pathway.
This study has the potential to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of hyperuricemia and demonstrate that polydatin is a promising potential adjuvant for lowering uric acid levels and alleviating hyperuricemia-related diseases.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant proliferative disease affecting the bone marrow hematopoietic system and has a poor long-term outcome. Exploring genes that affect the malignant ...proliferation of AML cells can facilitate the accurate diagnosis and treatment of AML. Studies have confirmed that circular RNA (circRNA) is positively correlated with its linear gene expression. Therefore, by exploring the effect of SH3BGRL3 on the malignant proliferation of leukemia, we further studied the role of circRNA produced by its exon cyclization in the occurrence and development of tumors.
Genes with protein-coding function obtained from the TCGA database. we detected the expression of SH3BGRL3 and circRNA_0010984 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We synthesized plasmid vectors and carried out cell experiments, including cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell differentiation by cell transfection. We also studied the transfection plasmid vector (PLVX-SHRNA2-PURO) combined with a drug (daunorubicin) to observe the therapeutic effect. The miR-375 binding site of circRNA_0010984 was queried using the circinteractome databases, and the relationship was validated by RNA immunoprecipitation and Dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, a protein-protein interaction network was constructed with a STRING database. GO and KEGG functional enrichment identified mRNA-related functions and signaling pathways regulated by miR-375.
We identified the related gene SH3BGRL3 in AML and explored the circRNA_0010984 produced by its cyclization. It has a certain effect on the disease progression. In addition, we verified the function of circRNA_0010984. We found that circSH3BGRL3 knockdown specifically inhibited the proliferation of AML cell lines and blocked the cell cycle. We then discussed the related molecular biological mechanisms. CircSH3BGRL3 acts as an endogenous sponge for miR-375 to isolate miR-375 and inhibits its activity, increases the expression of its target YAP1, and ultimately activates the Hippo signaling pathway involved in malignant tumor proliferation.
We found that SH3BGRL3 and circRNA_0010984 are important to AML. circRNA_0010984 was significantly up-regulated in AML and promoted cell proliferation by regulating miR-375 through molecular sponge action.
Magnesium aluminate spinel has a great prospect in catalyst supports due to porous structure, good catalytic activity, high thermal stability and two active centers as acid and alkaline. The ...magnesium aluminate spinel powders synthesized by hydrothermal process were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. The particle surface is made up of laminated structure and it grows bigger with the increase of hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time. The spinel has wormlike porous structures and these structures grow smaller and better distributed at Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTAB) condition. The spinel phase emerges at 450 °C and the perfect crystalline structure emerges at 600 °C. The percent of MgAl2O4 spinel goes up with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The spinel has a large BET surface area and its special surface area diminishes continuously from 245.68 m2/g to 58.65 m2/g when the calcinating temperature increases from 500 °C to 1200 °C. Moreover, it reaches the maximum surface area of 195.1 m2/g with the addition of 1% CTAB according to BET analysis, yet excess of it has an adverse effect.
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