Myelodysplastic syndrome is a heterogenous group of disorder with clonal dysregulated hematopoiesis characterized by bone marrow failure, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities and variable risk of ...progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The bone marrow niche plays a major role in maintaining the homeostasis and is often injured by the chemotherapeutic drugs leading to catastrophic consequences like myelodysplastic syndrome. In the present study, we made an attempt to find out the osteoblastic niche related alterations in the myelodysplastic bone marrow through mainly flowcytometric and fluorescent microscopic studies. We have also checked the condition of the myelodysplastic bone through micro computed tomography. The results revealed that the affected osteoblasts of the myelodysplastic bone marrow compelled the hematopoietic stem cell to come out of quiescence and become actively proliferating, and in this scenario the decline in expression of cell adhesion molecules like N-Cadherin, Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM) and upregulated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) played a major role. The hike in number of osteoclasts in myelodysplastic cases than control also shattered the balance between bone formation and resorption ratio. We have recorded a dysregulated expression of transcription factors GATA2 and CEBPα (CCAAT-enhancer-binding-protein) in the hematopoietic stem progenitor compartment of the myelodysplastic bone marrow, the main reason behind the presence of abnormal myeloblasts in myelodysplastic cases. Collectively, we can say the coordinated perturbations in the osteoblastic niche, cell adhesion molecules together with the transcription factors has resulted in the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cell, dysregulated myelopoiesis, early trafficking of hematopoietic progenitors to blood compartment and at the same time pancytopenic peripheral blood conditions during the progression of N-Ethyl N Nitroso Urea (ENU) induced myelodysplasia.
Metalliferous soil (MS) was collected from near an abandoned pulp and paper mill, and leachates were extracted in water to simulate natural water percolation. Metalliferous soil leachates (MSL) were ...added to the garden soil, and phytoremediation trials were carried out by Alternanthera sessilis and Ipomoea aquatica for 28-d in pot experiments. The aqueous leachates could extract 18–33% of the metals from the MS. The maximum accumulation of 38–43 μg Cd/g, 211–294 μg Pb/g, 199–218 μg Cr/g, 92–95 μg Ni/g, 422–511 μg Cu/g, 2366–3531 μg Zn/g, 6910–6105 μg Fe/g, and 4410–5576 μg Mn/g in the plants exceeded the respective toxic ranges, indicating their tolerance. Plants showed >50% removal efficiency for Pb, Cr, and Cu. For other metals, variable removal efficiency between 25 and 48% was also noted. The root morphology and X-ray microanalysis revealed Pb, Cr, and Fe deposits that influenced their uptake and possible interactions with other elements. The treated plants showed reduced chlorophylls, carotenoids, protein, and ascorbate, along with an increase in superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation. A concomitant increase in the activities of all the vital antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidise, and guaiacol peroxidise helped to combat multi-metal stress in them. Overall, owing to their metal uptake efficiency, significant oxidative stress mitigation properties, rapid growth rate, and large biomass, A. sessilis, and I. aquatica can be recommended for use in the decontamination of multiple metals.
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•Phytoremediation of metalliferous soil was performed in a 28-d pot experiment.•A. sessilis and I. aquatica showed 25–66% removal efficiency for eight metals.•X-ray microanalysis of the root revealed Pb, Cr, and Fe deposits.•Activation of antioxidant enzymes formed the prime strategy for metal tolerance.
In this article, we propose a general framework for the unsupervised fuzzy rule-based dimensionality reduction primarily for data visualization. This framework has the following important ...characteristics relevant to the dimensionality reduction for visualization: preserves neighborhood relationships; effectively handles data on nonlinear manifolds; capable of projecting out-of-sample test points; can reject test points, when it is appropriate; and interpretable to a reasonable extent. We use the first-order Takagi-Sugeno model. Typically, fuzzy rules are either provided by experts or extracted using an input-output training set. Here, neither the output data nor experts are available. This makes the problem challenging. We estimate the rule parameters minimizing a suitable objective function that preserves the interpoint geodesic distances (distances over the manifold) as Euclidean distances on the projected space. In this context, we propose a new variant of the geodesic <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">c</tex-math></inline-formula>-means clustering algorithm. The proposed method is tested on several synthetic and real-world datasets and compared with the results of six state-of-the-art data visualization methods. The proposed method is the only method that performs equally well on all the datasets tried. Our method is found to be robust to the initial conditions. The predictability of the method is validated by suitable experiments. We also assess the ability of our method to reject test points when it should. The scalability issue of the scheme is also discussed. Due to the general nature of the framework, we can use different objective functions to obtain projections satisfying different goals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to manifold learning using unsupervised fuzzy rule-based modeling.
The Pandemic of Productivity Chattopadhyay, Suchismita
Anthropology in action (London, England : 1994),
03/2021, Letnik:
28, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Initially with the massive outbreak of COVID-19, physical distancing in the form of stay-at-home campaigns made the headlines. The most stringent lockdown period in India was envisaged by the ...privileged class as a productive time at home. I show that the home as a space of leisure and intimacy is also a site of caste and gender privilege that upholds the social division of labour. By looking at both the work of home and the work from home, I problematise the notion of productivity from home and argue for a renewed understanding of what constitutes work and what constitutes home as an intimate space.
Introduction: The United States is going through an opioid epidemic. Although the Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) is the gold standard treatment for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), many individuals ...with OUD relapse during/after treatment.
The opioid epidemic continues to be a growing public health concern in the United States, with Black mothers who have young children being a particularly vulnerable population. In this review, the ...authors first summarize the mental and physical health disparities faced by this population from the perspective of minority stress theory, considering the role of racial discrimination, gender stigma, trauma, parenting and other life stressors.
The objective of this study was to investigate Cd phytoremediation ability of Indian mustard, Brassica juncea . The study was conducted with 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg Kg ⁻¹ CdCl ₂ in laboratory for ...21 days and Cd concentrations in the root, shoot and leaf tissues were estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The plant showed high Cd tolerance of up to 400 mg Kg ⁻¹ but there was a general trend of decline in the root and shoot length, tissue biomass, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. The tolerance index (TI) of plants were calculated taking both root and shoot lengths as variables. The maximum tolerance (TI ₛₕₒₒₜ = 87.4 % and TI ᵣₒₒₜ = 89.6 %) to Cd toxicity was observed at 25 mg Kg ⁻¹, which progressively decreased with increase in dose. The highest shoot (10791 μg g ⁻¹ dry wt) and root (9602 μg g ⁻¹ dry wt) Cd accumulation was achieved at 200 mg kg ⁻¹ Cd treatment and the maximum leaf Cd accumulation was 10071.6 μg g ⁻¹ dry wt achieved at 100 mg Kg ⁻¹ Cd, after 21 days of treatment. The enrichment coefficient and root to shoot translocation factor were calculated, which, pointed towards the suitability of Indian mustard for removing Cd from soil.
This paper presents an image descriptor based on local texture and orientation patterns. The texture information is embedded in the orientation component. Each pixel gradient orientation is ...considered for extracting the D-EOLP features. The image is divided into several blocks, from each of which the D-EOLP features are extracted and concatenated. For redundancy reduction, local mean-based nearest neighbor discriminant analysis (LM-NNDA) is employed and a low-dimensional potential, enhanced image descriptor is obtained. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated on two prominent application areas namely, handwritten recognition and facial expression recognition(FER). The robustness of this approach is analyzed in terms of accuracy and computational time by comparing it with state-of-the-art algorithms. Results of handwritten numeral recognition on standard numeral datasets like ISI Kolkata, CMaterdb3, and MNIST and of FER on CK+ and Jaffe show better performance with the proposed approach.
Existing reapers for farming purposes are out of reach for small-scale farmers due to their high cost, and they are also unavailable in most rural locations due to transportation or financial ...constraints. There has recently been a demand for a compact, cost-efficient, more accessible, and effective crop reaper that can be operated by small-scale farmers. As a result, a cost-effective, farmer-friendly, and efficient crop reaper was developed in the present work, and its cutting efficiency was found to be improved as compared to the existing self-propelled reaper. Moreover, earlier works were either based on development of farm-based machinery and their performance or ergonomic aspects’ evaluation without any emphasis on its sustainability in agriculture. Thus, in this study, apart from performance, an ergonomic evaluation and “strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats (SWOT)” analysis were performed on the existing and modified reapers. Furthermore, for the framework design and assessment of the sustainability of the modified reaper in the agricultural sectors, both “fuzzy logic” and metaheuristics-based optimization algorithms such as “Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)” were utilized. Given the prevalence of small-scale farmers with limited farm sizes, the findings of this study may be relevant for more sustainable developments in the existing tools and equipment used in agriculture that can be easily affordable and utilized by all the farming community around the world.
The use of a circle diagram of an induction motor is considered to be one of the best methods for the overall performance analysis of the motor. An accurate analysis of the motor's output parameters ...can be obtained in this approach. The purpose of this work is the simulation of the circle diagram in MATLAB to determine the efficiency and performance of three-phase squirrel cage induction motors. This proposes a convenient way to represent the diagram graphically. Starting from the equivalent circuit to the algorithm of the main program is discussed in detail. The test data from no load and blocked rotor test and the output result are all verified, so that the designer can analyse the motor's performance in a convenient manner.
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