On weighted generalized entropy Das, Suchismita
Communications in statistics. Theory and methods,
06/2017, Letnik:
46, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the literature of information theory, the concept of generalized entropy has been proposed and the length-based shift dependent information measure has been studied. In this paper, the concept of ...weighted generalized entropy has been introduced. The properties of weighted generalized residual entropy and weighted generalized past entropy are also discussed.
We study the scalar leptoquark effects on the rare semileptonic decays of Λb baryon, governed by the quark level transition b → sl + l − . We estimate the branching ratios, forward-backward ...asymmetries, lepton polarisation parameters and the lepton flavour non-universality effects in these decay channels. We find significant deviations from the corresponding standard model predictions in some of the observables due to leptoquark effects. We also investigate the lepton flavour violating decays Λ b → Λ l i − l j + , the branching ratios of which are found to be ( 10 − 10 − 10 − 9 ) .
Copper (Cu) pollution in aquaculture ponds poses substantial ecological threats. Most phytoremediation studies deal with the efforts of removing Cu from water, but seldom, such endeavors are ...validated by suitable bioassays. The present study undertook a two-pronged effort to remediate Cu by phytoextraction with an aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes, and establish the efficacy of such endeavors by Clarias batrachus bioassay. For phytoextraction trials, E. crassipes was exposed to Cu concentration 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L−1 in Hoagland solution for 21 days. The highest uptake of 2168 μg g−1 dw was at 10 mg L−1 Cu exposure, and efficient root to leaf translocation was seen for 5–10 mg Cu L−1. For these doses, there was 55–57% decline in Cu from test waters. We evaluated morphological, physiological and biochemical response of plants towards Cu stress to gauge its phytomediation capacity. For bioassays, fish were reared for 7 days in phytoremediated Cu doses of 5 and 10 mg L−1. The accumulation of Cu followed the pattern: kidney > liver > gill > muscle. Fish muscle accumulated 21.8–27.0 μg Cu g−1 dw after 7 d, however, for E. crassipes remediated doses, muscle accumulated 8.2–10.9 μg Cu g−1 dw, which was within the safe levels of Cu in edible tissues. Metal doses declined protein contents and augmented malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase concentrations in tissues. Although their concentrations in remediated groups failed to reach the levels of control fish, significant recovery in these parameters were observed. The results pointed towards the efficacy of Cu phytoextration by E. crassipes.
•5–10 mg L−1 Cu was best remediated by water hyacinth with 55–57% decline in Cu in 21 d.•We established the efficacy of phytoremediation by a battery of catfish bioassay.•Edible part of fish reared in remediated water had Cu within FAO recommended level.
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is regarded as a spectrum of bone marrow failure disorders that share hemato‐pathological state of cellular dysplasia and cytopenia. The modern treatment of cancers ...like chemotherapy and radiation therapy sometimes severely pounce on the basic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cellular (HSPC) compartment which gradually disclose the clinical symptoms of MDS. The present study involves flowcytometric protein expression analysis of insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway, the autophagy related proteins (ATG's), the status of antioxidative molecules SOD2 and SDF1 and apoptosis profiling in ethyl‐nitroso‐urea induced myelodysplasia. The redox status that is, reactive oxygen species was estimated with dihydroetidium and the status of mitochondria and lysosomes were checked by Janus green B and neutral red staining respectively, pre and post quercetin treatment in MDS bone marrow. The results revealed the activated IGFR/PI3K/Akt axis in MDS bone marrow but unconventionally both p‐mTOR and autophagy (p‐ATG1, p‐AT6, ATG7, ATG12) was downregulated. Interestingly, post quercetin treatment an upregulation of basal autophagocytosis, reversal of oxidative damage and proper functionality of mitochondria and lysosome was recorded. Taken together, the study hinted that the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR pathway does not rule over the process of autophagocytosis in HSPC's of MDS bone marrow and the isoflavanoid quercetin remarkably restored autophagocytosis and hematopoietic oxidative status toward normalcy during the progression of myelodysplasia.
In this article, we outline a neuroscience informed Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention that is currently being implemented in an underserved drug abusing population in the Newark, ...New Jersey community.
Most manifold learning algorithms are non-parametric, use unsupervised approaches, and hence lack prediction capability. Some of these methods have been adapted for out of sample points, but often ...they require the training data. We propose a framework to estimate an explicit map for manifold learning in a supervised setting. Although different modeling tools can be used, we study the performance with polynomials and neural networks. The quality of output of any regression system depends on the quality of the target data. We consider outputs from an unsupervised manifold learning method as the target. However, even for simple data, often the outputs (target) get severely distorted. For high-dimensional data, it is difficult to assess and correct if the target data are distorted. Our approach can predict as well as eliminate such distortions to a great extent in the output. We suggest three regularizers, each of which can be used to augment the loss function. For image data, even for a low order polynomial, the number of free parameters becomes large demanding a large training set. For this, we propose a scheme exploiting the spatial characteristics of neighboring pixels. The effectiveness of our framework is demonstrated using synthetic and real data for both polynomial and neural network-based models.
We aimed to understand the toxic effects of two crop protecting agents, organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and fertilizer, urea (U), and their binary mixtures at sublethal concentrations ...for 28-d in a freshwater fish Channa punctata with a battery of biochemical biomarkers in gill and liver. The study has practical value as such mixtures, so often present together in water in the agro-intensive areas, might be predicted to cause cocktail effects. Both CPF and U inhibited AChE, augmented SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and caused lipid peroxidation and depletion in tissue macromolecules in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. While U alone had less severe effects compared to CPF treatments, complex interactions were observed for three combination doses (1CPF + 1U, 2CPF + 1U, 1CPF + 2U). In their mutual effects, antagonism prevailed over other interactions when CPF and U were in equal proportion in the mixture, while synergism was observed for AchE and key antioxidant enzymes when more U was in the mixture. The present study concluded that urea in water bodies might impart adverse effects in combination with pesticides in non-target aquatic organisms such as fish, and there should be a restriction in its excessive usage.
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•Chlorpyrifos and urea showed concentration and duration-dependent toxicities.•~38–49% (max.) inhibition in AChE activity for U/CPF doses was noted.•SOD, CAT and GPx activities increased concomitantly with increase in MDA contents.•Binary mixtures (1CPF + 1U; 2CPF + 1U, 1CPF + 2U) showed complex interactions.•AchE and key antioxidant enzymes showed synergism at more U in the mixture.
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