A major advantage of polymer based organic light emitting diodes (OLED) is the capability to be manufacturing them with low cost, high-throughput printing techniques. In this paper, we report on ...double layer gravure printed polymer based OLED light sources with an active area of 0.16 cm
2 on glass substrate. The devices exhibit brightness of 100 cd/m
2 and 1000 cd/m
2 at 4.2 V and 5.4 V, respectively. Furthermore, a large area OLED of 30 cm
2 in which both polymer layers are gravure printed is demonstrated for lighting applications. Based on the results presented in this paper, the feasibility of the gravure printing technique for the fabrication of large area OLEDs in large-scale production is proved.
to explore experiences of being mentored and the contribution of the mentoring to leadership and professional development of doctorally prepared nurses and doctoral nursing students participating in ...the Nurse-Lead programme.
Mentoring is considered important for career development of academic nurses. Doctorally prepared nurses need a wide range of professional competences to develop sustainable careers. Therefore, they may benefit from a larger network of mentors, outside their own organization, to support their professional development. Therefore, a web-based leadership and mentoring programme was developed - the Nurse Lead programme.
A descriptive study with semi-structured focus groups.
Three focus groups were conducted during an on-site programme meeting in 2019 with twenty-one doctorally prepared nurses and doctoral nursing students. The interview guide included questions about mentoring relationships and meaning of mentoring for leadership and professional development. The interviews were thematically analysed.
Five themes were identified: “Preferred characteristics of mentors”, “Developing trusting relationships”, “Engagement of the mentors”, “Becoming a proficient researcher and team leader” and “Becoming an empowered and confident professional”.
Mentoring supported the leadership and professional development of doctorally prepared nurses and doctoral nursing students. Participants were engaged in rewarding mentoring trajectories. The results indicate that a similar approach could be followed when developing mentoring programmes in the future.
Background
Nurses play an important role in the treatment and care of adults in both hospital and primary health care working within complex and fragmented organizational systems. As the nature of ...health care changes and hospital and primary care sectors become more closely associated, nurses in both sectors have an obligation to increase their collaboration.
Aims
This study aimed to increase the understanding of collaboration between nurses working with adults in hospital and primary health care, and to facilitate the future measurement of this collaboration.
Methods
A literature review was undertaken in July and August 2013 using CINAHL and MEDLINE databases from the earliest to August 2013. The searches produced 4951 citations that were reduced to 22 articles for review using a four‐step inclusion strategy. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data.
Results
It is suggested that collaboration is a process that contains (1) collaboration precursors: the opportunity to participate, knowledge and shared objectives; (2) elements of collaboration: competency, awareness and understanding of work roles and interaction; and (3) processes and outcomes: the events or behaviours that are the consequences of the collaboration between hospital and primary healthcare nurses.
Conclusions
The results indicate that collaboration between hospital and primary healthcare nurses is an important and integral part of the work of nurses and a process consisting of several predictable issues leading to useful care outcomes.
Implications for nursing and health policy
Current healthcare changes make it a requirement for hospital and primary healthcare nurses to collaborate when working with adults to continue to meet the needs of patients. The findings of this study can be used to improve collaboration in practice and to devise research to improve collaboration between hospital and primary healthcare nurses.
The aim of this study was to describe hospitalised cancer patients’ perceptions of individualised care in four European countries and compare these perceptions using the patients’ socio‐demographic ...characteristics and the Individualized Care Scale. The patients’ socio‐demographic characteristics used were: education, age, gender, type of hospital admission, previous hospitalisation and hospital length of stay. The Individualized Care Scale has two parts (1) nurses’ support of individuality and (2) patients’ receipt of individuality. Data (n = 599) were collected in Cyprus (n = 150), Finland (n = 158), Greece (n = 150) and Sweden (n = 141). Multivariate analysis of variance models were constructed and differences in perceptions of individualised care were analysed using the patients’ socio‐demographic characteristics as covariates. The level of support for individuality and receipt of individualised care was reported as moderate and good respectively. Generally, the highest assessments were made by the Swedish respondents and the lowest by those in Greece. This study revealed some between‐country differences in patients’ perceptions of care individualisation. These differences, for example, conceptual, educational, based in clinical practice or in the health organisation, require further research. Enquiry into the individualised care perceptions of health care providers and the families of cancer patients would also be useful.
Background
Research evidence supports that the role of the professional practice environment is crucial for the delivery of quality care as it is significantly correlated with patient and nurse ...outcomes. However, in countries sharing similar cultural and ethnic backgrounds, like Cyprus and Greece, as well as the increased mobility of patients and healthcare workers, there is a lack of information regarding this issue. The aim of this study is to explore and compare Cypriot and Greek nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment.
Methods
A descriptive comparative survey was employed using a sample of nurses in Cyprus (N = 150) and Greece (N = 147). Information was collected with the Revised Professional Practice Environment Scale (RPPE).
Results
The results revealed significant differences between the two countries in three out of eight factors of the RPPE, with Greece's mean value being higher than Cyprus's: Handling Disagreements and Conflicts, Leadership and Autonomy in Clinical Practice, and Teamwork.
Conclusions
The findings generate additional knowledge about the organizational context of care delivery that might help nursing leaders to understand how nurses perceive their work environment and how this influences their work, and consequently the care provided. The results can be utilized by nurse ward managers to improve the quality of nursing care provided. Further research is needed using different approaches to explore nurses' experience in more depth.
Implications for nursing or health policy
Measuring nurses' perceptions of their professional practice environment may assist managers and policymakers in introducing interventions that contribute to a better practice environment and consequently to improved nursing, as well as patient, outcomes.
Introduction
There is an increasing prevalence of venous leg ulcers coinciding with increasing older people populations. They are therefore important health problems, which restrict daily activities ...and incur high costs.
Background
Efficient and comprehensive nursing care for people with venous leg ulcers requires knowledge of causes, presentations and characteristics, the effects that venous leg ulcers have on individuals and nursing care with evidence‐based treatment.
Aim
To identify the gaps between nurses' demonstrated knowledge of venous leg ulcers and the related nursing care treatment with evidence‐based nursing care.
Method
A computerized search using MEDLINE, CINAHL the COCHRANE LIBRARY was conducted.
Results
The initial search yielded 174 citations from which 16 relevant articles were included in this review. Four themes in venous leg ulcer nursing care emerged demonstrating nurses' knowledge gaps: assessment, physiology and the healing process, nursing care and dressings, and compression treatment.
Conclusion
This review suggests that there is a lack of knowledge related to venous leg ulcer physiology, the healing process and how this influences care and treatment. Nurses may not be using the evidence base sufficiently well to support ulcer healing and patient well‐being.
Implications for nursing and health policy
There is a need for a positive work culture development and ongoing educational programmes aimed at improving nurses' knowledge of venous leg ulcer treatment and care, which address the themes within the results of this review.
Rasch analysis is widely used in the life sciences. Rasch analysis is a mathematical and probabilistic model based on the assumption that the probability of passing a single item is governed by a ...person's ability and the difficulty of the item. However, its use in nursing science remains unclear.
To (i) describe the use of Rasch analysis in nursing research and (ii) determine the quality of reporting in nursing studies using Rasch models.
A methodological scoping review of literature was conducted. The systematic electronic literature search was initially conducted on 1 February 2020 and updated on 16 April 2021 from PubMed/Medline and CINAHL databases. The search was limited to covering the timeframe from the earliest literature available until 31 December 2020. The search terms used were Rasch, IRT, item response theory, and nursing. The search was limited to the English language and title/abstract level. The analysis included quantification and content analysis.
In total, 388 hits were identified. Following a two-phase retrieval process, 88 articles were included in the final analysis. Rasch analysis was used to test the psychometric properties of the newly developed instrument, and validate or test a short version of the existing instrument. The reporting of Rasch analysis demonstrated large variability in quality. Rating scale functioning, internal scale validity using goodness-of-fit statistics, and unidimensionality were the most frequently reported outcomes.
The use of Rasch analysis in nursing science was found to be unsystematic. Rasch analysis could provide new possibilities for investigating measurement properties. However, robust, comprehensive, and precise reporting of the methodological choices and results of Rasch analysis is needed. Furthermore, the use of Rasch analysis in nursing science is encouraged.
•Rasch analysis is a mathematical and probabilistic model based on the assumption that the probability of passing a single item is related to a person's ability and the difficulty of the item.•Rasch analysis is widely used in the life sciences. However, its use and quality of reporting in nursing science have yet to be explored.
•Rasch analysis is rarely used in nursing science, although its use is increasing.•This review has identified deficiencies in the reporting of nursing validation studies using Rasch analysis.•Minimum standards for the reporting of Rasch analysis in nursing research are proposed.
Background: Individualized care is a universal concept in nursing. An international collaboration of nurses, led by, and funded in, Finland was developed, including Sweden, Greece, USA and the UK, ...in order to test an Individualized Care Scale (ICS) for cross‐cultural comparison. This paper reports the results from the UK survey.
Aim: The study aimed to employ an ICS to describe orthopaedic and trauma patients' perceptions of individualized care.
Methods: A total of 159 orthopaedic and trauma patients, aged 18 years or over, admitted for over 48 hours as emergencies or for elective surgery, participated from one hospital in Central England using a two‐part ICS. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Sixty‐three per cent of the patients (n = 82) strongly agreed that it was very important to be treated as an individual or unique person, and 55% (n = 72) experienced this type of care. The lowest rated assessments concerned the support (3.23 ± 1.15) and perceptions (3.69 ± 0.98) of personal life situation, and the highest concerned the perceptions of decisional control over care (4.25 ± 0.72). The longer the patients stayed, the more they perceived individuality in their own care. Those less educated perceived higher levels of support regarding individuality in their care.
Conclusions: These results could assist changes to individualized care processes in orthopaedic and trauma wards. Future research should focus on the evaluation of taking into account of patient's personal life situation as a foundation for individualized clinical care.
CHARALAMBOUS A., KATAJISTO J., VÄLIMÄKI M., LEINO‐KILPI H. & SUHONEN R. (2010) Individualised care and the professional practice environment: nurses’ perceptions. International Nursing Review
Aim: ...To describe individualised care and the professional practice environment from nurses’ point of view and to explore the associations between them.
Background: There is an increasing emphasis on individualised nursing care within the literature and the health‐care context. Preliminary evidence suggests that the implementation of individualised care is associated with the practice style of care, work organization and the practice environment.
Methods: An exploratory correlational survey was used. Data were collected using the Individualised Care Scale and Revised Professional Practice Environment instruments from nurses and nurse managers (n = 207, response rate 59%) working in in‐patient wards of three acute hospitals’ 13 different units in Finland in 2008. Data were analysed based on descriptive statistics and Spearman's rho correlations.
Findings: Nurses perceived that they generally support patient individuality and that the care they provided was individualised. Nurses’ perceptions about the support of individuality and views on individuality of care provided were associated with handling conflict, work motivation, control over practice, leadership and autonomy, relationships with physicians and cultural sensitivity.
Discussion: The findings support the perception that individualised care and the professional practice environment are associated. There is a need for further studies to examine these associations more closely. Manipulating aspects of the environment may possibly be used to increase the ability of the nurses to provide individualised care. Patient perspectives should be included in future studies. Because of the national data, the results are indicative only.
Conclusions: The recognition of the associations between individualised care and professional practice environment elements may help to develop individualised clinical nursing care.
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