The charged particle multiplicity as a function of pseudorapidity (
η
), transverse momentum spectra (
p
T
), average transverse momentum (
⟨
p
⊥
⟩
), and multiplicity as a function of the number of ...charged particles have been studied using various cosmic rays and non-cosmic rays Monte Carlo (MC) event generators in
pp
collisions at
s
= 13 TeV. The distributions are investigated for transverse momentum,
p
T
>
0.5
GeV, pseudorapidity
|
η
|
<
2.5
and requirement of at least one charged particle produced in an event. Additionally, these measurements for reduced phase space region with a requirement of
|
η
|
<
0.8
are also performed. We show the models’ predictions in contrast with the experimental data from ATLAS and CMS. It has been observed from these measurements that none of the discussed model-based event generators completely predict the experimental results except EPOS, which, in general, has excellent agreement with the data. The cosmic-ray (CR) simulation models can cover the central region of rapidity density distributions. Gribov’s Reggeon Field Theory (RFT)-based models treat the diffractive scattering more advanced than the CR models. The model-based observations can be constructive to re-tune some basic parameters and help to study the extrapolation at the highest possible energies. These observations can also help put possible constraints on improving the pQCD and non-pQCD-based hadronic event generators.
Average multiplicity of light nuclei, produced in different interactions at 4.2 AGeV/c is studied as a function of centrality. A change in multiplicity is observed with increase in the mass of ...projectile. In
12
CC interactions an unexpected increase in the multiplicity is seen in the most central events. These measurements are compared with the predictions of Cascade and Fritiof models, which fail to account for the experimentally observed effects. In case of
12
CC, it is suggested that the inclusion of nuclear coalescence effect can be an explanation for the deviation of experimental measurements from the models’ predictions.
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, ...this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
The COVID-19 epidemic is being revealed from a new angle every month. In particular, with the appearance of the delta strain, mucormycosis began to manifest in some patients, which had previously ...been extremely rare. Mucormycosis is a rare, aggressive infection caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucorales family and associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The main risk factors for the mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 are diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis, uncontrolled hyperglycemia and massive use of glucocorticoids, vascular damage, thrombosis, lymphopenia, which often occur against the background of COVID-19 and make a person vulnerable to secondary or opportunistic fungal infection. We present a clinical case of mucormycosis in a 21-year-old female patient with COVID-19-associated severe pneumonia and concomitant type I diabetes mellitus. The patient was hospitalized and received standard therapy during inpatient treatment, including glucocorticosteroids in accordance with the severity of the course of COVID-19. On the 12th day from the hospitalization, the patient's condition deteriorated significantly, and the visible changes in the skin and soft tissues of the face, characteristic of mucormycosis appeared. Despite the drug therapy correction, the patient died because of the acute respiratory failure in combination with septic fungal damage of the brain stem.
The purpose of this work was to study the dynamics of structural manifestations of acute cases of postpartum endometritis in cows.
The light and electron microscopy methods were used when studying ...structural changes in the endometrium in case of postpartum endometritis in seven cows. Sections of endometrial specimens for light microscopy, 5-7 µm thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and also by Van Gieson's. For electron microscopy, semi-thin sections were stained with Azur-2 in combination with basic fuchsin, as well as contrasting by lead citrate and uranyl acetate.
As a result of the study, we have established the following: Necrobiosis of the epithelial layer of the mucosa, cellular infiltration with shaped elements of blood in the functional layer, swelling of the cells of the uterine gland, and single microbial cells on the surface of the mucosa. We have noted edema of the stroma of the functional layer of the endometrium, swelling of the epithelial layer of the endometrial mucosa, and swelling of fibroblastic and lymphoid cells. Ultrastructural changes in endometrial cells in case of acute postpartum endometritis in cows are accompanied by the destruction of microvilli on the apical surface of the epithelium, an abundance of coccal microflora on the surface of the epithelium, necrobiosis of epithelial cells, and partial edema of the nucleus, and cytoplasm of the histiocyte.
We had established that acute purulent-catarrhal dystrophic processes were observed in the structural organization of the endometrium. In the depth of catarrhal mucus on the surface of the endometrium, there was an abundance of bacterial flora, with diplococci being prevalent. In ultrastructural organization of the endometrium, we observed deep dystrophic and necrobiotic processes in the parenchyma and endometrial stroma, as well as exudative processes with a change in the integrity of the microcirculatory bed. Thus, to prevent an inflammatory process from turning into a latent form, it is necessary to detect acute postpartum endometritis promptly using diagnostic methods taking into account the obtained parameters of the dynamics of structural changes in the uterine tissues.
We discuss the idea that collective behaviour of the quarks/partons, which has been intensely discussed for the last 40 years in relativistic hadron-nuclear and nuclear-nuclear interactions and ...confirmed by new data coming from the ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, can lead to energetic particle production. Created from hadronization of the quark/parton (or quarks/partons), energetic particles could get the energy of grouped partons from coherent interactions. Therefore, we think that in the centre of some massive stars, a medium with high density, close to Quantum Chromodynamic one could be a source of the super high-energy cosmic rays.
In this paper the behavior of the cumulative number and also with maximum values of cumulative number distribution of protons,
π
+
and
π
−
-mesons, have been studied, produced in d
12
C-interctions ...at 4.2 A GeV/c. The experimental data has been compared with ones coming from the Dubna version of the cascade model. In the analysis we have observed; four different regions in the cumulative number distributions for all charged particle and protons and the last region is corresponding to values of cumulative number greater than 1; for pions number of regions decreased to 2 for
π
±
-mesons but cumulative area is absent for both mesons. Cascade cannot describe satisfactorily the distributions of the cumulative protons and cumulative
π
−+
-mesons, it gives less number for the all produced particles. In case of particles with maximum values of cumulative number cascade can describe the behavior of cumulative number distribution well. There exist some events with two cumulative particles which could not describe by the cascade dynamics. May be collective nucleon effect could be reasons of the observation two cumulative particles events.
The aim of the study is to compare the results and complications of muscle- invasive bladder cancer treatment using endovideo - surgical radical cycstectomy with orthotopic reservoir formation.
...Between 2013 and 2016 years, 49 patients with muscle -invasive bladder cancer underwent endovideo-surgical treatment with orthotopic reservoir formation. 38 patients underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal ileal conduit urinary diversioon men - 28 (74%), women - 10 (26%), intracorporeal reservoir were perfomed in 11 cases men - 8 (73%) and women - 3 (27%). The Modified Studer Ileal Neobladder (1st group) was performed in 32 ( 84%) cases, The Hautmann neobladder in 6 (16%) cases. During intracorporeal neobladder formation (2nd group) in all 11 cases Ileal Neobladder was created according to the methods of Karolinska Institutet, ( Sweden).
In the first group 7 (18%) patients had early postoperative complications: in 1 case - Anastomosis failure, 3 patients - Defect of ureteroileal anastomosis and in other 3 cases - Adhesive intestinal obstruction. There was an incidence of late postoperative complications in 6 (15%) cases: 1 patient had exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis, other 5 patients had stenosis of uretero-ileal anastomosis. Stenosis treatment methods were: in 3 cases - Laser endoureterotomy, and 2 patients underwent Intestinal plastic surgery of the ureter. In the second group 5 (45%) patients had early postoperative complications: in 2 cases - Defect of ureteroileal anastomosis, 2 patients had acute postoperative intestinal obstruction and in 1 case neobladder defect (multiple defects). In this group 4 (36%) patients had late postoperative complications: in 2 cases Stenosis of uretero-ileal anastomosis and other 2 - Active phase of chronic pyelonephritis.
Due to medical technologies development and endovideo-surgical equipment improving, it became possible to perform high-technological operations, such as a laparoscopic radical cystectomy with neobladder formation using different parts of intestine. To imptove the results technical difficulties, postoperative complications and durations of operations were appraised, and we reccomend to perform laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal neobladder formation.
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the efficiency of the integrated controllers of PWM and MPPT PV/batteries, which are part of an autonomous photovoltaic power plant. The ...dependences of the efficiency on the hourly sums of solar radiation are represented, which can be used to calculate the productivity of autonomous photovoltaic systems with an hourly integration step. The operational features of the controllers during low-level periods of solar radiation are considered.
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