Esomeprazole is the S-isomer of omeprazole, used to treat gastro esophageal reflux disease. It is one of the widely manufactured and marketed drugs by many pharmaceutical companies in Bangladesh. The ...aim of the study is to compare the different physical parameters including hardness, friability, diameter, thickness, disintegration time, dissolution test and assay for quality evaluation and characterization of tablets of five different brands of Bangladeshi pharmaceutical company. The specified compendial method was followed for their evaluation test.
Esomeprazole Mg tablets are enteric coated tablet, there was no disintegration for any brand occurred in 0.1 N HCl after 2 h and all tablets were disintegrated within 19.93 ± 0.04 to 29.05 ± 0.14 min in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Weight variation and Hardness were between 1.01 ± 0.29 to 2.01 ± 0.14% and 5.32 ± 0.06 to 7.12 ± 0.12 kgf respectively. Medicine released after 2 h in 0.1 N HCl were varied from 2.55 ± 0.24 to 4.47 ± 0.31% which was less than 10% and in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) the percentage of medicine release were between 100.9 and 105.9% after 60 min. In case of assay the results of all brands were between 95.28 ± 0.08 and 99.40 ± 0.11%. The obtained results of all parameters were complied with pharmacopoeial limit. So from this study we can conclude that products of esomeprazole available in Bangladeshi pharmaceutical market meet the quality parameter to satisfy therapeutic efficacy.
Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake ...in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a substantial number of deaths around the world, making it a serious and pressing public health hazard. Phytochemicals ...could thus provide a rich source of potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The absence of approved treatments or vaccinations continues to be an issue, forcing the creation of new medicines. Computer-aided drug design has helped to speed up the drug research and development process by decreasing costs and time. Natural compounds like terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and flavonoid derivatives have a perfect impact against viral replication and facilitate future studies in novel drug discovery. This would be more effective if collaboration took place between governments, researchers, clinicians, and traditional medicine practitioners' safe and effective therapeutic research. Through a computational approach, this study aims to contribute to the development of effective treatment methods by examining the mechanisms relating to the binding and subsequent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The
method has also been employed to determine the most effective drug among the mentioned compound and their aquatic, nonaquatic, and pharmacokinetics' data have been analyzed. The highest binding energy has been reported -11.4 kcal/mol against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (7MBG) in L05. Besides, all the ligands are non-carcinogenic, excluding L04, and have good water solubility and no AMES toxicity. The discovery of preclinical drug candidate molecules and the structural elucidation of pharmacological therapeutic targets have expedited both structure-based and ligand-based drug design. This review article will assist physicians and researchers in realizing the enormous potential of computer-aided drug design in the design and discovery of therapeutic molecules, and hence in the treatment of deadly diseases.
The conventional source of medicinal plants is an important way for daily curative uses in rural area throughout Bangladesh. Folk medicinal specialists or Kavirajes, assume an indispensable part in a ...medicinal services arrangement of both provincial and urban populace of the nation. It is vital to conduct broad meetings of individual Kavirajes of an area to get the overall status of medicinal plants. A survey was accomplished in the rustic territory of Atibazaar, Keraniganj Upazila, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This investigation has uncovered a sum of 38 plants out of which 25 plants were identified, which belongs to 21 families. Whole plants and/or plant parts, like leaves, stems, barks, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds and wood were usually used by Kavirajes for the treatment of different illnesses. Leaves (84%) were the most oftentimes used plant parts, trailed by roots (52%), fruits (16%) stems and barks (16%), entire plants (12%), seeds (12%), blossoms (8%) and wood (4%). Add up to 30 diverse individual illnesses professed to be restored by plant parts including respiratory tract disorders (asthma, cough, whooping cough, bronchitis), fever, gastrointestinal disorders (constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood dysentery, flatulence), arthritis, pain, headache, irregular menstruation, piles, tooth infections, whitening teeth, diabetes, skin diseases, acne, insect, animals and reptiles bites, urinary tract disorders, inflammation and nervousness. Several uses of the plants could be validated by available literature review. It is expected that other plants used for treatment of various diseases by the Kavirajes can be subjected for further bio-activity and phytochemical studies, which prompts disclosure of new medications.
In collaboration with Technical and Vocational Education and Training educators and academic librarians, this study attempts to develop and validate a blended learning readiness scale for Bangladeshi ...TVET students. This study also attempts to investigate the reliability of this validated scale by measuring six blended learning readiness dimensions. In this research, the Content Validity Index, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to establish the construct validity of the blended learning readiness scale. Questionnaires were circulated to the students of six Institutes of Marine Technology (N = 235) who went for a blended learning session for an entire semester. This study's result suggests a strong positive association between Bangladeshi polytechnic students' preparedness for blended learning and attitudes toward online learning, openness to new technology, and attitudes toward the face-to-face classroom. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found between blended learning readiness and basic skills in using technology, learning flexibility, and study management. This study also implied that gender and previous academic achievement is not strong predictor of measuring blended learning readiness in Bangladeshi Technical and Vocational Education and Training context. This blended learning readiness scale would help course designers, educators, librarians, and policymakers of Bangladesh to improve the quality of the blended learning environment by addressing the students' concerns about various blended learning components.
It is internationally accepted that malnutrition and chronic diseases in developing countries are key limitations to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. In many developing countries, rice is ...the primary source of nutrition. In those countries, the major forms of malnutrition are Fe-induced anaemia, Zn deficiency and Vitamin A deficiency, whereas the major chronic disease challenges are Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. There is a growing corpus of evidence regarding both limitations and opportunities as to how rice could be an effective vehicle by which to tackle key nutrition and health related problems in countries with limited resources. Rice breeding programs are able to focus on developing new varieties carrying enhanced amounts of either Fe, Zn or beta-carotene because of large public investment, and the intuitive link between providing a mineral/vitamin to cure a deficiency in that mineral/vitamin. By contrast, there has been little investment in progressing the development of particular varieties for potential impact on chronic diseases. In this review article we focus on the broad battery of evidence linking rice-related nutritional limitations to their impact on a variety of human health issues. We discuss how rice might offer sometimes even simple solutions to rectifying key problems through targeted biofortification strategies and finally, we draw attention to how recent technological (−omics) developments may facilitate untold new opportunities for more rapidly generating improved rice varieties specifically designed to meet the current and future nutritional needs of a rapidly expanding global population.
Many of today's advanced computing tools and technologies are built and marketized to improve the quality of life of people worldwide, including the Global South populations. Examples of such ...technologies include computer-mediated collaborative (CMC) tools, FinTech, and advanced artificially intelligent tools for healthcare, among others. However, these tools and technology rarely understand people's sensibilities of justice, values, and identities. These three together fall under the umbrella of recognition. I build on Dipesh Chakrabarty, a South Asian political philosopher, and define recognition as a social instrument that validates marginalized communities in a multicultural society by ensuring justice for them, honoring their values, and acknowledging their identity. Misrecognition of people's justice, values, and identities further marginalizes them in a multicultural society as their voice is misheard and disregarded in the history, economy, and local and broader policy-making, and further jeopardizes their empowerment. This thesis discusses such marginalized community's empowerment through ``computing for recognition" and looks at the rural communities in Bangladesh, a low-income and low-resource country in South Asia.In a six-year-long ethnography-based thesis project, I focused on studying and building computing technologies for recognizing the identities and values of justice for marginalized communities. I deployed a variety of qualitative, quantitative, and design methodologies to probe and address social justice agendas in low-resource, marginalized communities. My field studies in Bangladesh revealed the challenges faced by rural populations and minorities, including rural women, low-literate and faith-based communities, and survivors of sexual harassment. I co-designed and evaluated computing technologies, including accessible, low-cost, and intelligent mobile and web applications, to understand the problems better, provide the community with tools to aid their existing methods of accessing ICTs and solving problems, and hence, contribute to improving the quality of their life in the longer run. My thesis projects include: (a) conducting ethnography to study how they conceptualize and practice their recognitions in and over computing technologies and (b) developing and designing systems and applications using co-designing strategies. My thesis addresses the recognition of marginalized communities through three broad themes: transformative, bypass, and polysemic design.My thesis (i) argues that marginalized community's expectations from the technologies showing differ from the expectations of the users in the Global North and intends of the technology designers in the West, (ii) reinforces marginalized community's existing strategies of transformative and distributive justice through code-signing tools to combat some of the long-existing patriarchal and gender discriminatory values and further contributes to their small-scale macro level empowerment, and (iii) pushes the methods of political design within HCI in a direction that bypasses the existing roadblocks and on going conflicts of values on the community's empowerment and designing beyond the user in a way that particular set of the people in the community may benefit.
COVID-19, which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread over the world, posing a global health concern. The ongoing epidemic has ...necessitated the development of novel drugs and potential therapies for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Advances in vaccination and medication development, no preventative vaccinations, or viable therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been developed to date. As a result, additional research is needed in order to find a long-term solution to this devastating condition. Clinical studies are being conducted to determine the efficacy of bioactive compounds retrieved or synthesized from marine species starting material. The present study focuses on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of marine-derived phytochemicals, which has been investigated utilizing in in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models to determine their effectiveness. Marine-derived biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lectins, polysaccharides, and lipids, can affect SARS-CoV-2 during the viral particle's penetration and entry into the cell, replication of the viral nucleic acid, and virion release from the cell; they can also act on the host's cellular targets. COVID-19 has been proven to be resistant to several contaminants produced from marine resources. This paper gives an overview and summary of the various marine resources as marine drugs and their potential for treating SARS-CoV-2. We discussed at numerous natural compounds as marine drugs generated from natural sources for treating COVID-19 and controlling the current pandemic scenario.
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