Junction function: All‐organic isotype heterojunctions are formed through the band alignment of polymeric carbon nitride semiconductors (CN and CNS, see scheme), improving the efficiency of charge ...separation and prolonging the lifetime of charge carriers. These polymeric heterostructures demonstrate an excellent performance for heterogeneous photocatalysis, as shown in a hydrogen‐generation assay.
As a common air pollutant, formaldehyde is widely present in nature, industrial production and consumer products. Endogenous formaldehyde is mainly produced through the oxidative deamination of ...methylamine catalysed by semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and is ubiquitous in human body fluids, tissues and cells. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are rich in this formaldehyde‐producing enzyme and are easily damaged owing to consequent cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, increasing evidence suggests that the cardiovascular system and stages of heart development are also susceptible to the harmful effects of formaldehyde. Exposure to formaldehyde from different sources can induce heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS). In particular, long‐term exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde in pregnant women is more likely to affect embryonic development and cause heart malformations than long‐term exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde. Specifically, the ability of mouse embryos to effect formaldehyde clearance is far lower than that of the rat embryos, more readily allowing its accumulation. Formaldehyde may also exert toxic effects on heart development by inducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This review focuses on the current progress in understanding the influence and underlying mechanisms of formaldehyde on cardiovascular disease and heart development.
In the paper, we compute the correlation functions in 2D
N
= (1
,
1) and
N
= (2
,
2) superconformal field theories with
T
T
¯
deformation up to the first order of the deformation in terms of ...perturbation theory. With the help of superconformal Ward identity in
N
= (1
,
1) and
N
= (2
,
2) theories and careful regularization, the correlation functions in the deformed theory can be obtained up to the first order perturbation. This study is the extension from previous bosonic
T
T
¯
deformation to the supersymmetric one.
We describe pLink 2, a search engine with higher speed and reliability for proteome-scale identification of cross-linked peptides. With a two-stage open search strategy facilitated by fragment ...indexing, pLink 2 is ~40 times faster than pLink 1 and 3~10 times faster than Kojak. Furthermore, using simulated datasets, synthetic datasets,
N metabolically labeled datasets, and entrapment databases, four analysis methods were designed to evaluate the credibility of ten state-of-the-art search engines. This systematic evaluation shows that pLink 2 outperforms these methods in precision and sensitivity, especially at proteome scales. Lastly, re-analysis of four published proteome-scale cross-linking datasets with pLink 2 required only a fraction of the time used by pLink 1, with up to 27% more cross-linked residue pairs identified. pLink 2 is therefore an efficient and reliable tool for cross-linking mass spectrometry analysis, and the systematic evaluation methods described here will be useful for future software development.
As museums increasingly seek to engage diverse and global audiences, the role of translation in the presentation of exhibits and the transmission of cultural and historical narratives becomes ...pivotal. This article explores the interdisciplinary research field of museum translation, using the Ulster Museum as a case study. The aim of this study is to identify the neglect of translation service within museum contexts and emphasize the significant role of translation in enhancing visitor experience. I begin by mapping the scholarly research in museum translation. It is evident that translation, despite its significance, remains underemphasized within museum contexts, with detrimental consequences for visitor engagement and access to cultural exhibitions. The Ulster Museum, an iconic institution in Northern Ireland, is examined in detail to identify areas for potential improvement in its translation services. Through analyzing the text in the Chinese Museum Map, I identify translation issues and offer coping strategies with the potential to not only overcome language barriers but also enhance the overall museum service. Ultimately, I emphasize the important role of translation in museums in enhancing accessibility and visitor experience. This study contributes to ongoing research in the field and calls for future investigations into effective translation methods and their impact on enriching the museum experience for diverse audiences.
A
bstract
In the holographic framework, we argue that the partial entanglement entropy (PEE) can be explicitly interpreted as the component flow flux in a locking bit thread configuration. By ...applying the locking theorem of bit threads, and constructing a concrete locking scheme, we obtain a set of uniquely determined component flow fluxes from this viewpoint, and successfully derive the PEE proposal and its generalized version in the multipartite cases. Moreover, from this perspective of bit threads, we also present a coherent explanation for the coincidence between the BPE (balanced partial entanglement)/EWCS (entanglement wedge cross section) duality proposed recently and the EoP (entanglement of purification)/EWCS duality. We also discuss the issues implied by this coincident between the idea of the PEE and the picture of locking thread configuration.
A
bstract
We propose a surface growth approach to reconstruct the bulk spacetime geometry, motivated by Huygens’ principle of wave propagation. We show that our formalism can be explicitly realized ...with the help of the surface/state correspondence and the one-shot entanglement distillation (OSED) method. We first construct a tensor network corresponding to a special surface growth picture with spherical symmetry and fractal feature using the OSED method and show that the resulting tensor network can be identified with the MERA-like tensor network, which gives a proof that the MERA-like tensor network is indeed a discretized version of the time slice of AdS spacetime, rather than just an analogy. Furthermore, we generalize the original OSED method to describe more general surface growth picture by using of the surface/state correspondence and the generalized RT formula, which leads to a more profound interpretation for the surface growth process and provides a concrete and intuitive way for the idea of entanglement wedge reconstruction.
•A novel averaging algorithm based on diffusion is developed for CFD–DEM.•The algorithm is theoretically equivalent to Gaussian kernel function based method.•The algorithm conserves physical ...quantities to be averaged by construction.•Smooth and mesh-converged results can be obtained on unfavorable meshes.•The algorithm is easy to implement for parallel CFD–DEM solver using arbitrary mesh.
Coarse graining is an important ingredient in many multi-scale continuum–discrete solvers such as CFD–DEM (computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method) solvers for dense particle-laden flows. Although CFD–DEM solvers have become a mature technique that is widely used in multiphase flow research and industrial flow simulations, a flexible and easy-to-implement coarse graining algorithm that can work with CFD solvers of arbitrary meshes is still lacking. In this work, we proposed a new coarse graining algorithm for continuum–discrete solvers for dense particle-laden flows based on solving a transient diffusion equation. Via theoretical analysis we demonstrated that the proposed method is equivalent to the statistical kernel method with a Gaussian kernel, but the current method is much more straightforward to implement in CFD–DEM solvers. A priori numerical tests were performed to obtain the solid volume fraction fields based on given particle distributions, the results obtained by using the proposed algorithm were compared with those from other coarse graining methods in the literature (e.g., the particle centroid method, the divided particle volume method, and the two-grid formulation). The numerical tests demonstrated that the proposed coarse graining procedure based on solving diffusion equations is theoretically sound, easy to implement and parallelize in general CFD solvers, and has improved mesh-convergence characteristics compared with existing coarse graining methods. The diffusion-based coarse graining method has been implemented into a CFD–DEM solver, the results of which are presented in a separate work.
Photocross‐linkable Au nanoparticles are prepared through surface decoration of photolabile diazirine moieties. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the light‐triggered cross‐linking can ...dramatically shift the surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles to near‐infrared regions, which in consequence remarkably enhances their efficacy for photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging of tumors in vivo.
Self‐sustained NiI/III cycles are established as a potentially general paradigm in photoredox Ni‐catalyzed carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling reactions through a strategy that allows us to recapitulate ...photoredox‐like reactivity in the absence of light across a wide range of substrates in the amination, etherification, and esterification of aryl bromides, the latter of which has remained, hitherto, elusive under thermal Ni catalysis. Moreover, the accessibility of esterification in the absence of light is especially notable because previous mechanistic studies on this transformation under photoredox conditions have unanimously invoked energy‐transfer‐mediated pathways.
Turning the light off: Self‐sustained NiI/III cycles are established as a potentially general paradigm in photoredox cross‐coupling reactions. It is shown that photoredox‐like reactivity can be recapitulated with high fidelity in the complete absence of light across multiple substrates and transformations, thus obviating the need for high‐energy photons and precious‐metal photocatalysts.
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