Flexible Wearables for Plants Qu, Chun‐Chun; Sun, Xu‐Yang; Sun, Wen‐Xiu ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
12/2021, Letnik:
17, Številka:
50
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The excellent stretchability and biocompatibility of flexible sensors have inspired an emerging field of plant wearables, which enable intimate contact with the plants to continuously monitor the ...growth status and localized microclimate in real‐time. Plant flexible wearables provide a promising platform for the development of plant phenotype and the construction of intelligent agriculture via monitoring and regulating the critical physiological parameters and microclimate of plants. Here, the emerging applications of plant flexible wearables together with their pros and cons from four aspects, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. Self‐powered energy supply systems and signal transmission mechanisms are also elucidated. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are discussed in detail.
This work highlights and reviews the emerging applications of plant wearables together with their pros and cons from four aspects, containing physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crops quality, and active control of growth, respectively.
In this work, Polycaprolactone@Chitosan (PCL@CS) coaxial nanofibers (NFs) were successfully prepared by co-electrospinning technique. Feed rate, solvent ratio 0.6mL/h and 3:1 was optimized, ...respectively. Furthermore, coaxial nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC); also contact angle was checked, CS has higher hydrophilicity than PCL@CS and PCL. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized and immobilized on the coaxial nanofibers. Gram negative Escherichia coli BH5α (E. coli) and Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were tested against modified coaxial nanofibers for antibacterial activity, 13mm inhibition zone was measured against E. coli which was higher than S. aereus.
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Hypnic headache (HH) is a rare primary headache that is characterized by strict sleep-related attacks. However, the pathophysiology of HH remains unclear. The nocturnal nature of this activity ...suggests a hypothalamic involvement. The pathogenesis of HH may involve the brain structure that regulates circadian rhythms and is related to an imbalance between hormones, such as melatonin and serotonin. Currently, evidence-based medicine for HH pharmacotherapy is lacking. Acute and prophylactic treatment of HH is based on only a few case reports. Here, we report a case study in which agomelatine showed desirable responsiveness for the prophylactic treatment of HH for the first time.
We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with a 3-year history of nocturnal left temporal pain that awakened her during the wee hours. Brain magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any midline structural abnormalities associated with circadian rhythms. Polysomnography revealed headache-related awakening at approximately 5:40 am, after the last rapid eye movement phase. No sleep apnea-hypopnea events were observed, without oxygen saturation or blood pressure abnormalities. The patient was prescribed agomelatine 25 mg at bedtime as a prophylactic treatment. In the following month, the frequency and severity of the headaches decreased by 80%. After 3 months, the patient's headache completely resolved, and the medication was discontinued.
HH only occurs during sleep in the real world, leading to substantial sleep disturbances in older populations. Headache center neurologists need to focus on the prophylactic treatment of patients before bedtime to avoid nocturnal awakening. Agomelatine is a potential prophylactic treatment option for patients with HH.
Chemosensory genes play important roles in insect behaviors and have thus become potential molecular targets for pest control based on the manipulation of chemoreception-driven behaviors. The great ...gray weevil
Sympiezomias velatus
(Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important agricultural pest that causes serious economic losses to many crops in China, but its chemosensory genes have not been reported. Here we assembled the antennal transcriptomes of female and male adult
S. velatus
and revealed the major chemosensory genes necessary for olfaction. A total of 138 candidate chemosensory genes in six families were identified, including 41 encoding odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 11 encoding chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 62 encoding odorant receptors (ORs), 15 encoding gustatory receptors (GRs), six encoding ionotropic receptors (IRs), and three encoding sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). We analyzed their phylogenetic relationship based on the amino acid sequences of these chemosensory-related protein families in
S. velatus
and other insects, and the expression profiles based on their antennal transcriptomes. Chemosensory genes that show antenna-abundant/specific or sex-biased expression were observed, suggesting that these genes might have functions in olfaction. Furthermore, we chose an antenna-abundant OBP belonging to ABPX subfamily, SvelOBP15, to investigate its binding property. The results showed that among 33 tested compounds, SvelOBP15 displayed high binding affinities (Ki = 7.36–12.94 μmol/L) with farnesol, nerolidol, limonene and diisobutyl phthalate, indicating that SvelOBP15 plays olfactory roles by binding and transporting specific plant volatiles. These findings will help us better understand the olfactory systems of
S. velatus
, and provide a basis for functional elucidation of these chemosensory genes.
Few studies have examined the acute exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance in different thermal environments and the time course effects.
Investigate the time-dependent effects of acute ...exercise on university students' processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility in temperate and cold environments.
Twenty male university students (age 23.5 ± 2.0 years) with moderate physical activity level participated in a repeated-measures within-subjects design. Processing speed, working memory and cognitive flexibility were assessed using CogState test battery at baseline (BASE), followed by a 45-min rest (REST), immediately after (EX) and 30 min after (POST-EX) 30-min moderate-intensity treadmill running in both temperate (TEMP; 25°C) and cold (COLD; 10°C) environments. Mean skin temperature (MST) and thermal sensation (TS) were also recorded. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to analyze each variable. Spearman's rho was used to identify the correlations between MST, TS and cognitive performance.
Reaction time (RT) of processing speed and working memory decreased immediately after exercise in both conditions (processing speed:
= 0.003; working memory:
= 0.007). The facilitating effects on processing speed disappeared within 30 min after exercise in TEMP (
= 0.163) and COLD (
= 0.667), while improvements on working memory remained 30 min after exercise in TEMP (
= 0.047), but not in COLD (
= 0.663). Though RT of cognitive flexibility reduced in both conditions (
= 0.003), no significance was found between EX and REST (
= 0.135). Increased MST and TS were significantly associated with reductions in processing speed RT (MST:
= -0.341,
< 0.001; TS:
= -0.262,
= 0.001) and working memory RT (MST:
= -0.282,
< 0.001; TS:
= -0.2229,
= 0.005), and improvements in working memory accuracy (MST:
= 0.249,
= 0.002; TS:
= 0.255,
= 0.001).
The results demonstrate different time-dependent effects of acute exercise on cognition in TEMP and COLD. Our study reveals facilitating effects of exercise on university students' processing speed and working memory in both environments. However, in contrast to TEMP, effects on working memory in COLD are transient.
Flexible Wearables for Plants (Small 50/2021) Qu, Chun‐Chun; Sun, Xu‐Yang; Sun, Wen‐Xiu ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
12/2021, Letnik:
17, Številka:
50
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Flexible Wearables for Plants
Recent research progress in flexible wearables for plants is comprehensively reviewed by Xi‐Qing Wang, Zhi‐Zhu He, and co‐workers in article number 2104482. The emerging ...applications of flexible plant wearables, including physiological indicators, surrounding environment, crop quality, and active control of growth, are highlighted. The future opportunities and challenges of plant wearables are also discussed in detail.
Phytophthora capsici
is a pathogen of several economically important crops, including pepper (
Capsicum annuum
). The infection process of
P. capsici
involves several key developmental steps. This ...study was conducted to reveal the association between mitogen-activated protein kinases and
P. capsici
pathogenicity. The
PcMPK12
gene was screened by retrieving the
P. capsici
genome database using the well-characterized
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MAPKs as queries. The results of sequence analysis showed that the
PcMPK12
gene shared high identity with
Phytophthora
oomycete MAPKs. It was demonstrated that
PcMPK12
was transcribed in each detected stage with higher expression during the zoospore and cyst stages by using qRT-PCR. Pathogen inoculation shows that the
PcMPK12
contributed to pathogenicity. Tthe specific segment of
PcMPK12
was successfully silenced via RNAi, and transformants displayed deficiency in vegetative growth, oospore production, zoospore release, and tolerance to abiotic stresses. No transformants could infect pepper leaves. Furthermore, DAB stain proved that silenced lines exhibited weakened ability to scavenge ROS at the infected sites. Finally, we proposed that
PcMPK12
is a highly conserved MAP kinase signal transducer that is not only required for cyst, zoospore release, and responses to various stresses, but also for ROS detoxification and pathogenicity of
P. capsici.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play an important role in the immune response of vertebrates. In this paper, full-length MHC IIA cDNA was isolated from swamp eel (Monopterus ...albus) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. The genomic structure, molecular polymorphism, tissue distribution, and immune response of the MHC IIA gene to bacterial challenge were investigated. The full-length cDNA (GenBank accession No.: KC616308) is 1,509 bp in length including an 83 bp-long 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and a 709 bp-long 3′ UTR, which encoded a 238 amino acids protein. In the 2,339 bp-long MHC IIA genomic DNA, four exons and three introns were identified. Sequence comparison exhibited that the deduced amino acid sequence shared 27.1–66.3% identity with those of other species. Seven alleles were identified from five healthy individuals. Number of alleles per individual diversified from two to five. Five different 5′ UTR sequences and two different 3′ UTR sequences from one individual may infer the existence of five loci at least. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that swamp eel MHC IIA transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in ten tissues, but the expression level was distinctly different. Significant changes were observed in liver, spleen, kidney and intestine after challenged with pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas hydrophilia.
A new species, Camposporium chinense, is described and illustrated from a specimen collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Jiangxi, China. The fungus is characterized by its ...fusiform, 9-12-septate, versicolored conidia with an unbranched, aseptate
apical appendage. A key to Camposporium species is provided.
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