In this study, we report the synthesis of the magnetite/silica nanocomposites and their structural and functional groups, magnetic properties, morphology, antimicrobial activity, and drug delivery ...performance. The X-ray diffraction characterization showed that magnetite formed a spinel phase and that silica formed an amorphous phase. The particle sizes of magnetite increased from 8.2 to 13.2 nm with increasing silica content, and the particles were observed to be superparamagnetic. The nanocomposites tended to agglomerate based on the scanning electron microscopy images. The antimicrobial activity of the magnetite/silica nanocomposites revealed that the increasing silica content increased the inhibition zones by 74%, 77%, and 143% in case of Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), and fungus (C. albicans), respectively. Furthermore, doxorubicin was used as the model compound in the drug loading and release study, and drug loading was directly proportional to the silica content. Thus, the increasing silica content increased the drug loading owing to the increasing number of OH− bonds in silica, resulting in strong bonds with doxorubicin. Based on this study, the magnetite/silica nanocomposites could be applied as drug delivery vehicles.
Materials science; Nanotechnology; Biomedical engineering; Magnetite/Silica; Nanocomposite; Natural sand; Doxorubicin; Drug delivery vehicle
This research examines the relationship between Sharia financing, macroeconomic stability represented by BI Rate and inflation, and the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in ...Indonesia. Secondary data from official sources such as Bank Indonesia, the Central Statistics Agency, and the Financial Services Authority were used to analyze a time period from 2003 to 2022. The research findings, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis method, indicate that Sharia financing has a significant long-term impact on MSME growth, while macroeconomic stability, particularly inflation, also has a substantial long-term influence on MSME development. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of policies supporting the development of Sharia financing and maintaining macroeconomic stability to foster sustainable long-term growth for MSMEs in Indonesia
In general, marketing involves a series of activities in the field of trade where sellers offer products to consumers. A similar situation occurs in Islamic marketing, where the process and strategy ...of meeting needs through halal products and services are accompanied by principles of agreement and mutual well-being between buyers and sellers, with the aim of achieving material and spiritual prosperity in both the worldly life and the hereafter. In the context of digital marketing from an Islamic perspective, all marketing activities that use technology must be based on Sharia law. Therefore, the use of technology should avoid elements involving riba (interest), maisir (gambling), the production or sale of non-halal products, as well as prohibitions related to marketing products containing gharar (uncertainty).
Renewable energy efficiency can be increased using phase change materials (PCMs). This study has successfully developed PCMs with supporting materials, such as SiO2, Fe3O4, and graphene. Briefly, the ...synthesis of Fe3O4–Graphene/polyethylene glycol (PEG)–SiO2 begins with the synthesis of Fe3O4–Graphene using the coprecipitation method. Next, Fe3O4–Graphene/PEG–SiO2 nanocomposites are prepared with Fe3O4–Graphene mass varied in a range of 5%–8%. Based on the results, the Eg value of the Fe3O4–Graphene is 1.73 eV. The morphology of Fe3O4–Graphene/PEG–SiO2 shows that Fe3O4 particles stick to the surface of the graphene sheet. The addition of Fe3O4–Graphene mass affects the saturation magnetization value, which increases with an increase in Fe3O4–Graphene within the range of 1.05–2.55 emu/g. In addition, the latent calorific value obtained by differential scanning calorimetry shows that all the samples have a phase transition range within a temperature range of 59.4°C-60.5 °C and a latent calorific value of >100 J/g. Owing to its high latent calorific value, Fe3O4–Graphene/PEG–SiO2 can be applied as a heat-storage material.
•The degree of crystallinity of the Fe3O4–Graphene/PCM composite decreased with increasing content of Fe3O4–Graphene.•The Fe3O4–Graphene nanocomposite effectively played a role in the absorption and conversion of solar energy into heat.•The combination of graphene and metal effectively increased the photothermal conversion.•Fe3O4–Graphene/PEG–SiO2 can be applied as a heat-storage material.
A simple chemical approach was developed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from corncob waste through the acid-base method with the addition of PEG-2000 at specific concentrations. The ...morphology and structure of RGO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The process of reduction and quality of RGO were examined carefully with UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. Based on the treatment and characterization, the diffraction data showed a prominent peak of RGO at a 2-theta position of 24.01°. The existence of C=C functional groups was detected in aromatic compound groups and alkene functional groups in aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds by infrared spectroscopy. The use of corncobs as the main raw material synthesized by an environmentally friendly route has tremendous potential in producing RGO that can be used as an efficient semiconductor material.
This study aims to identify sharia stocks of state-owned companies included in the IDX-MES BUMN17 sharia index to form an optimal portfolio and to determine the proportion of selected sharia stocks ...of state-owned companies from April 2021 to May 2023. This study also presents the return and risk levels of all IDX-MES BUMN17 stocks and the return and risk levels of the portfolio generated using the single index method. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis using secondary data from 17 IDX-MES BUMN17 issuers obtained from www.idx.co.id, www.finance-yahoo.com, and www.bi.go.id. The population of this study consists of 17 stocks, and the entire population is used as the research sample. Based on the analysis results, two stocks were selected to form an optimal portfolio calculated since the establishment of the IDX-MES BUMN17 in April 2021, with an optimal assessment based on the ci value, namely PTBA and TLKM, with the largest proportion on the TLKM stock (30.01%) and PTBA (12.84%). The portfolio generated from these two stocks resulted in a return of 1.88% with a risk level of 8.75%.
Single garlic is known to have many benefits as an alternative therapy for various types of metabolic syndrome. The bioactive compounds, allicin and alliin, in garlic are unstable and easily degraded ...in digestion. Chitosan-alginate microencapsulation is thought to increase stability and protect active compound so its therapeutic effect is more optimal. This study aimed to characterize the microencapsulation chitosan-alginate of single garlic extract (MCA- SGE), as well as to examine the antioxidant activity and kinetic release of MCA-SGE in vitro. The research procedure includes the steps of single garlic extraction, preparation of MCA-SGE, characterization of MCA-SGE (PSA, SEM, and FTIR) as well as biological testing of MCA-SGE through antioxidant activity and kinetic release tests. PSA results showed the mean particle size of MCA-SGE was 439.0 ± 1.9 nm or 0.4 m with a polydispersity index (PDI) value of 0.579 ± 0.046 and a zeta potential value of 15.4 ± 0.3 mV. The SEM results showed that the morphology of MCA-SGE was spherical with a smooth surface and a micrometre size of 0.4 - 0.7 µm. The FTIR results describe a shift in absorption and addition of SGE functional groups after encapsulation. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed the antioxidant activity of MCA-SGE was 65%, while SGE was 55%. The results of the kinetic release showed that more allicin and alliin were released by SGE than MCA-SGE during the 4-hour kinetic release simulation. MCA-SGE has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system with controlled release.
Fluid dynamics is the basic knowledge of technology development that is important to be mastered, but students still have difficulties with it. This research aims to determine the students’ increased ...conceptual mastery and problem-solving skills using e-module. The method of this study uses the quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group research design. Each student is given questions on pre-test and post-test conceptual mastery in multiple-choice and problem-solving skills in the form of descriptions. Student answers were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon, and the n-gain tests. After the e-module was implemented, the increase in conceptual mastery of the experimental class was higher than the control class, with an n-gain value of 0.69 (moderate) for the experimental class and 0.46 (moderate) for the control class. The increase in the problem-solving skill of the experimental class was higher than that of the control class, with an n-gain value of 0.59 (intermediate) for the experimental class and 0.28 for the control class (novice). So, this e-module can improve students' conceptual mastery and problem-solving skills. The reason is caused by the learning process of experimental students who can learn actively, independently, intensively, and repeatedly using the e-module for conceptual mastering by the stages of the scientific approach through role-playing.
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