The culture of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in Indonesia has rapidly grown since it was first introduced in 2000. One of the advantages of this shrimp type is its ability to live in low ...salinity locations far from the coast. This study aims to analyze Pacific white shrimp cultivation at low salinity in Lampung Province, Indonesia. This species, often called the inland shrimp culture, is an alternative to overcome problems associated with water degradation and the spread of diseases. Since 2016, studies have been carried out on the Pacific white shrimp cultivation using low salinity in Lampung Province, especially in East Lampung Regency. The cultivation was carried out in small ponds, ranging between 1000 and 2000 m2 and managed semi-intensively, with the application of biosecurity. Seed stocking density ranged from 50 to 70 post-larvae m-2 with the partial and final harvest types used for cultivation. The result showed that the diseases that often attack Pacific white shrimp include white spot virus syndrome, infectious myonecrosis, white feces syndrome, and vibriosis. Pond productivity reached 10-13 tons ha-1, and based on performance, the average shrimp weight was 21.5-24.5 g, feed conversion ratio (FCR) 1.3-1.5, and survival rate (SR) 5-93%. Furthermore, the economic analysis showed that Pacific white shrimp's cultivation with low salinity was very beneficial with a benefit cost (B/C) ratio of 0.8.
Untuk mengatasi masalah rendahnya kompetensi profesional guru di MI Darul Hikam Kalirejo, selanjutnya dilakukan tindakan berupa penerapan metode In House Training, In House Training adalah pelatihan ...yang dilaksanakan secara internal oleh kelompok kerja guru, sekolah atau tempat lain yang ditetapkan sebagai penyelenggara pelatihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan penerapan metode In House Training dalam meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai media pembelajaran daring masa pandemi Covid-19 pada guru MI Darul Hikam Kalirejo Undaan Kudus.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Tahap-tahap penelitian meliputi tahap pra lapangan, tahap pekerjaan lapangan dan tahap analisis data. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah guru MI Darul Hikam Kalirejo Undaan Kudus yang berjumlah 13 guru.Melalui kegiatan In House Training ini para guru di Guru MI Darul Hikam Kalirejo mampu mengelola kelas di Google Classroom seperti membuat kelas baru dan memberikan nama kelas tersebut. Guru juga dapat menyapa siswa di dalam forum, guru juga dapat memberikan materi di dalamnya dengan menggunakan tugas kelas. Pada tugas kelas juga para guru dapat mengelola pembuatan absensi dengan bantuan tugas kuis yang berbentuk Google formulir. Metode In House Training yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah terhadap guru-guru di MI Darul Hikam Kalirejo Undaan Kudus dalam menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom sebagai media pembelajaran daring, dinyatakan berhasil meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menggunakan aplikasi Google Classroom secara signifikan. Kata Kunci: In House Training, Kompetensi Guru. Google Classroom, Media, Pembelajaran Daring.
Efforts to improve science learning outcomes through the application of cooperative learning model type STAD grade 4 students SDN 015 Geringging Jaya Kuantan Singingi Regency. Lesson Year 2014/2015 ...is based on many students who can not understand the learning materials. The purpose of this study is to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of learners through the application of STAD type cooperative learning modes in natural science classes grade IV SDN 015 Geringging Jaya in the even semester. This study is a class action carried out by teachers who teach in the classroom. The data collected is teacher's teacher's and student activity data which is divided into two cycles. Each cycle has four stages: planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were the fourth graders of SDN 015 Gringginga Jaya which consisted of 16 students consisting of 9 male students and 6 female students. The results showed that the application of STAD type learning module can improve student learning outcomes of fourth grade students of SDN 015 Geringging Jaya with total number of students who completed in pre cycle as many as 5 students, cycle I with 6 students and cycle II 16 students.
Globally, mussel aquaculture relies mostly on the use of natural seed, or spat, to stock farms while the use of seed from hatcheries are also available in smaller quantities. The use of wild spat has ...a lower cost, but it is often highly variable in quantity, size, nutritional condition and performance after seeding onto longlines for grow-out. The inefficiency of seeding using wild spat of green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus, is a major issue in the New Zealand aquaculture industry, where over 80% of wild spat is lost shortly after seeding. Here, we examined the importance of spat size and nutritional condition on their subsequent retention in both the laboratory and on a mussel farm. After two weeks feeding in a laboratory, spat of 2.0–5.0 mm had higher retention (78.1 ± 2.5%) than spat of 1.0–2.0 mm (65.7 ± 3.3%) but did not differ to smaller spat of 0.5–1.0 mm (70.5 ± 3.0%) in size. Furthermore, two weeks after seeding the spat out onto a mussel farm, both larger classes of spat (1.0–2.0 mm and 2.0–5.0 mm) had higher retention (80.5 ± 3.5% and 83.6 ± 2.5% respectively) than the smallest size class of spat 0.5–1.0 mm (65.8 ± 2.9%). The calorific content of spat was used as a measure of nutritional condition at each stage of the experiment; i.e., spat collected from the wild (pre-feeding), the wild spat after two weeks feeding in the laboratory (post-feeding), and post-seeded spat after two weeks after being placed on a mussel farm (post-seeding). Calorific content was found to be similar among the three size classes of spat but it was different among three stages of the experiment, with post-feeding and post-seeding spat having higher calorific content (3160 ± 457.6 and 3055 ± 404.6 cal. g−1 of organic tissue) than the pre-feeding spat (1912 ± 68.0 cal. g−1). This study results suggests that the propensity of spat to detach from grow ropes decreased with increasing size. Therefore, by size sorting the spat, and seeding out only the larger spat in good nutritional condition, whilst nursery culturing the smaller spat to a larger size and a good nutritional condition for their subsequent seeding onto farms could greatly improve the efficient use of spat.
•Larger spat (2.0–5.0 mm) of green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, show a higher retention than smaller spat (0.5–1.0 mm)•Feeding wild harvested mussel spat prior to seeding improves spat condition•Efficiency in the use of spat could be improved by seeding the larger spat whilst nursery culturing the smaller spat for subsequent seeding
The global mussel aquaculture industry relies heavily on the use of wild seed mussels or spat to initiate aquaculture production. However, production efficiency is often compromised by the poor ...performance of spat following seeding onto aquaculture substrates such as grow ropes. A potential cause of poor performance of spat is compromised nutritional condition that can be associated with poor natural feeding conditions for wild spat immediately prior to harvest, as well as their subsequent inappropriate handling until seeding into aquaculture infrastructure. This study examines the importance of nutritional condition of spat to their subsequent attachment and retention after seeding into mussel aquaculture. Spat of the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, were experimentally starved for 0, 3, 6 and 9 days before being seeded into suspended culture in a coastal mussel farm. At the end of the laboratory starvation phase of the experiment the attachment, growth, soft tissue deposition and energy reserves (total carbohydrate content) of spat all tended to decrease with increasing starvation treatment. Fourteen days after seeding the spat to a mussel farm, there was a further general decrease in all of the observed variables in spat from their initial state at seeding out. The results suggests that after seeding to the mussel farm, the spat were subject to poor local feeding and environmental conditions and that conditions at mussel farms at the time of seeding spat may play an important role in determining early spat performance. While providing a short period of feeding for spat prior to seeding onto mussel farms will improve their immediate nutritional condition, growth and attachment, the subsequent performance of spat after seeding onto farms may be more dependent on ensuring favourable conditions at the farm site.
•A short period of feeding improves wild mussel spat condition and attachment onto substrates.•Green-lipped mussel spat are resistant to prolonged starvation.•The propensity of spat to detach from substrate increases with starvation.•Spat condition and retention at mussel farms is dependent on local environmental conditions following seeding.
The methods of determination for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) postlarvae/PL quality were not well recognized by the user or the PLs producer. The objectives of these trials were to ...determine the correlation of salinity shock, thermal shock, and formaldehyde (37%) dipping (dose and duration) to the survival rate/SR of PLs 10. The thermal shock was conducted at 9, 12, 15, and 18 oC. Salinity shock was conducted with 0, 5, 10, and 15 ppt. Formaldehyde dipping was accomplished with 300, 600, 900, and 1.200 ppm. The survival rate (SR) of tested PLs was observed every 15 minutes for 60 minutes. The results showed that PLs demonstrated 100% survival in all salinity test levels but 0 ppt, which caused a decrease in SR after 30 minutes and longer exposures. The lowest threshold for temperature stress was 15 oC with 90% SR. The PLs demonstrated 90% of SR at below 600 ppm of formaldehyde stress test at all exposure durations. The findings of this study provide basic information for shrimp farmers regarding the threshold level for salinity, temperature, and formaldehyde stress during aquaculture handlings.
The nursery culture of bivalves typically relies on the feeding of costly live microalgae, while the use of natural sources of phytoplankton for feed is uncertain due to their variable quality and ...abundance. Replacement diets have been applied in bivalve nursery culture to replace live microalgae with varying success. This study investigated the potential use of two concentrated microalgal diets at a range of levels of substitution with live microalgae. Shellfish Diet 1800® (called SD) and LPB™ Frozen Shellfish Diet® (called LPB) were fed to juvenile green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) at five levels of substitution for live microalgae (i.e., 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for 27 days. The mortality of mussels fed with 100% LPB replacement was significantly higher than the mortality of mussels fed at the lower levels of replacement, i.e., 0 and 25%. The overall final size of spat tended to decrease with the increasing level replacement of live microalgae. Proximate analysis (i.e., crude ash-free dry weight, crude protein, crude lipid, and carbohydrate) showed that only the proportion of carbohydrate content of spat was influenced by feeding treatments, with the mean total carbohydrate content of mussels tending to decrease with increasing levels of replacement of live microalgae. The results indicate that both concentrated microalgal feeds (SD and LPB) are effective at replacing live microalgae by up to 50% without compromising the survival and nutritional profile (AFDW, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate content) of juvenile green-lipped mussels and are therefore a useful resource for improving the efficiency of production.
Perairan Selat Lembeh (Sulawesi Utara) merupakan salah satu perairan di Indonesia yang memiliki ekosistem yang unik dan dikenal secara internasional terutama untuk wisata selam. Kombinasi habitat ...lamun di beberapa titik ekosistem terumbu karang dan rataan substrat yang merupakan campuran pasir, lumpur dan patahan karang memungkinkan banyak biota laut yang tinggal dan mencari makanan di perairan ini, termasuk kelompok ekhinodermata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi ekhinodermata di ekosistem terumbu karang berdasarkan tingkat kedalaman.Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2013 dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk (belt transect). Selama pengamatan tercatat 443 individu yang tergolong dalam 19 jenis ekhinodermata. Jumlah jenis terdiri dari 7 jenis kelompok bintang laut (Asteroidea), 4 jenis kelompok bulu babi (Echinoidea), 5 jenis kelompok bintang mengular (Ophiuroidea), 2 jenis kelompok timun laut (Holothuroidea) dan 1 jenis kelompok lili laut (Crinoidea). Tingkat keanekaragaman (H’= 1,83), kekayaan jenis (D= 2,53) dan kemerataan (J=0,95) di perairan ini tergolong tinggi dibandingkan perairan lain di Sulawesi Utara. Tingkat kedalaman yang memiliki jumlah jenis ekhinodermata paling tinggi adalah kedalaman 6 m hingga 9 m.INVENTORY OF ECHINODERM IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM LEMBEH STRAIT WATERS. Lembeh Strait waters (North Sulawesi) is one of areas in Indonesia demonstrates marine ecosystem and is globally known, particularly for diving tourism. Combination of seagrass beds, coral reefs, and bottom substrates consisting of black sand, mud and rubbles provides habitat and feeding ground for wide range of marine biota, including echinoderm. The present study aims to identify echinoderm distribution in related to water depth. Data collection was conducted from March to October 2013 applying belt transect method. A total of 443 individual of echinoderms belong to 19 species were recorded. Of these, seven species were Asteroidea, four species Echinoidea, five species were Ophiuroidea, two species were Holothuroidea, and one species were Crinoidea. Diversity (H’=1.83), richness (D=2.53) and Evennes Index (J=0.95) were relatively high in comparison to other areas in North Sulawesi. According to this study, the highest species richness was found from six to nine metres.
Negara Indonesia adalah Negara hukum. Salah satu prinsip Negara hukum adalah adanya jaminan penyelenggaraan kekuasaan lembaga peradilan yang merdeka, bebas dari segala campur tangan pihak kekusaan ...ekstra yudisial.. Kekuasaan kehakiman sendiri merupakan kekuasaan yang merdeka, yang salah satunya melalui Asas Objektivitas yang menghendaki bahwa penyelesaian sengketa akan baik dan dapat diterima oleh semua pihak, jika dilakukan secara imparsial (tidak memihak), objektif dan adil. Harapan- harapan di atas, muncul dari adanya Asas Equality Before The Law yang merupakan salah satu dari tiga arti dari Rule of Law (Negara Hukium). Asas Equality Before The Law timbul dari sistem hukum modern yang diilhami oleh paradigma Positivisme yang beranggapan bahwa hukum itu harus objektif dan steril dari pengaruh apapun di luar hukum. Implementasi Asas Equality Before The Law dalam penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial di PHI ini menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut, karena Pihak yang berselisih dalam hubungan industrial adalah pengusaha dan pekerja/buruh yang secara sosial maupun ekonomi jelaslah “tidak sederajat”. Metode Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan Sosio-legal (Socio-legal approach), yaitu metode penelitian hukum yang disamping menganalisa implementasi asas Equality Before The Law dalam hukum normative yang diberlakukan yaitu UU.No. 2 tahun 2004. Melalui penelitian ini dapat menemukan konsep peradilan hubungan industrial yang mampu menerapkan asas Equality Before The Law yang ideal.Kata kunci: Hubungan industrial, Pengadlan Hubungan Industrial (PHI), asas Equality Before The Law.1 Mahasiswa
The nutritional condition of juvenile mussels appears to play a major role in their performance after they are seeded into coastal mussel farms. However, the extent to which the nutritional condition ...of juvenile mussels varies with size and starvation are poorly understood. Therefore, this study measured the biochemical composition of juvenile green-lipped mussels of five sizes (range of 0.5–7.5 mm shell length), from three different sources (i.e., harvested from wild, hatchery, coastal floating upweller nursery system) and when subjected to starvation for up to two weeks. The biochemical composition of spat sampled on their arrival from all sources was dominated by protein (ranging from 24 to 70% dry tissue mass), followed by lipid (0.3–9.3%) and carbohydrate (0.3–2.8%). Subsequent starvation treatments predominantly affected carbohydrate content. Initially, spat of 1.1–1.4 mm (harvested wild spat) had the lowest initial carbohydrate content 73% lower than spat of 0.5–1.0 mm (hatchery spat) and 53–65% lower than spat of 1.5–2.0, 2.1–3.4 and 3.5–7.5 mm (hatchery spat that were reared to larger sizes in a floating upweller system). Following one and two weeks of starvation, carbohydrate energy reserves of spat from all size classes showed a decrease of 15–42% from their initial level, except spat of 1.1–1.4 mm (wild) which did not decrease with starvation. Fatty acid dietary markers sampled from both spat of 0.5–1.0 mm (hatchery) and spat of 1.1–1.4 mm (wild) prior to starvation indicated that diatoms were important contributors to the diet of spat from both sources. Following two weeks of starvation, spat from both groups utilised SFA 14:0 and PUFAs, including essential fatty acids EPA, as energy sources, but they conserved AA and DHA. The findings of this study suggest that carbohydrate is the main energy reserve utilised by green-lipped mussel spat when food supplies are limited. Therefore, improving the carbohydrate reserves of spat through appropriate nursery feeding regimes has the potential to improve their resilience to poor feeding conditions following seeding onto coastal mussel farms.
•Proximate composition of juvenile mussels 0.5–7.5 mm were dominated by protein.•Juvenile mussels primarily utilize carbohydrate reserve when starved for two weeks.•Juvenile mussels sourced from wild were in poor nutritional condition.•Fatty acids from diatoms are important in both wild and hatchery juvenile mussels.•Nursery culture of juvenile mussels should target improving carbohydrate reserves.
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