Abstract
STUDY QUESTION
Are JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infections associated with spontaneous abortion (SA)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
There is no association of JCPyV or BKPyV with SA.
...WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
A large number of risk factors have been associated with SA. The role of polyomaviruses, including JCPyV and BKPyV, in SA remains to be clarified.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This is a case–control study including women affected by spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100, the cases) and women who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100, the controls).
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Viral DNAs were investigated by qualitative PCR and quantitative droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) in matched chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SA (n = 100) and VI (n = 100). Indirect ELISAs with mimotopes/synthetic peptides corresponding to JCPyV and BKPyV viral capsid protein 1 epitopes were then employed to investigate specific IgG antibodies against JCPyV and BKPyV in human sera from SA (n = 80) and VI (n = 80) cohorts.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
JCPyV DNA was detected in 51% and 61% of SA and VI samples, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 7.92 copy/104 cells in SA and 5.91 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05); BKPyV DNA was detected in 11% and 12% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 2.7 copy/104 cells in SA and 3.08 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05). JCPyV was more prevalent than BKPyV in both SA and VI specimens (P < 0.0001). In PBMCs from the SA and VI cohorts, JCPyV DNA was detected with a prevalence of 8% and 12%, respectively, with a mean viral DNA load of 2.29 copy/104 cells in SA and 1.88 copy/104 cells in VI (P > 0.05). The overall prevalence of serum IgG antibodies against JCPyV detected by indirect ELISAs was 52.5% and 48.7% in SA and VI groups, respectively, whereas BKPyV-positive sera were found in 80% SA and 78.7% VI samples.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study did not investigate the presence of viral mRNA and/or proteins, which are indicative of an active viral infection, and these might be taken into consideration in future studies.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
JCPyV and BKPyV DNA sequences were detected and quantitatively analyzed for the first time by PCR/ddPCR in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from SA and VI specimens. Moreover specific immunological approaches detected serum IgG against JCPyV/BKPyV. Statistical analyses, however, do not indicate an association between these polyomaviruses and SA.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(s)
This work was supported by the University of Ferrara, FAR research grants and the University Hospital of Ferrara/University of Ferrara joint grant. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Package labeling for weight loss formulations of semaglutide and liraglutide include a warning for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The objective was to examine the association between glucagon-like ...peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and incident depression.
This retrospective cohort study compared Veterans Health Administration patients initiated on a GLP-1RA versus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) between June 1, 2013 and June 30, 2020. The primary outcome was incident depression, defined as a new diagnosis of depression or new antidepressant prescription, within 1 year following drug initiation. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to estimate relative risk, adjusted for confounding factors including patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and prior medication.
Of 34,130 patients initiated on a GLP-1RA and 105,478 initiated on a DPP-4i, incident depression occurred in 7.7 % (n= 2263) and 6.3 % (n= 6602), respectively. After adjustment, the relative risk was 1.02 (95 % CI: 0.97 – 1.07), thus failing to demonstrate a significant increase in risk for incident depression following initiation of a GLP-1RA compared to DPP-4i. Relative risk estimates in all sensitivity analyses were also non-significant.
This study did not demonstrate a significant increase in risk for incident depression following GLP-1RA initiation.
•Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists not associated with risk for depression•Findings consistent across the range of body mass index•Findings consistent across all sensitivity analyses
Rowell's syndrome Fiallo, P; Tagliapietra, A G; Santoro, G ...
International journal of dermatology,
September 1995, Letnik:
34, Številka:
9
Journal Article
A series of umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives, previously studied as inhibitors of squalene-hopene cyclase, were tested as inhibitors of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) oxidosqualene cyclase ...(OSC) and OSC from Trypanosoma cruzi and Pneumocystis carinii expressed in yeast. Enzymes from these pathogens were included in this study to provide a preliminary screening for antiparasitic activity. Tests were carried out both on cell homogenates incubated with radiolabeled oxidosqualene and on spheroplasts incubated with radiolabeled acetate. Derivatives bearing a methylallylamino group were the most effective on all of the three enzymes. The P. carinii enzyme was the most susceptible to the action of the inhibitors, with IC50 values for almost all of them ranging from 0.1 to 1 microM. The T. cruzi enzyme was appreciably inhibited (IC50 4-5 microM) only by derivatives bearing a methylallylaminoalkyl flexible chain. Results identify a particularly promising new family of OSC inhibitors, for the development of novel antiparasitic agents.
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