This study deals with the effects of Ru–Bi partial substitutions on the thermal, structural and mechanical properties of Bi
1.8−
x
Ru
x
Pb
0.2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
10+
δ
(
x
= 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075) ...system, produced by using glass ceramics method. The effects of Ru–Bi partial substitutions on glass transition, nucleation and crystallization temperature were analyzed via differential thermal analyzer (DTA). Besides, microstructure and micromechanical properties of Ru–Bi partially substituted BSCCO glass ceramics were also investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Vickers microhardness measurements. From the DTA results, nucleation kinetics were studied by using Ozawa, Augis–Bennett, Takhor and Kissinger equations. In addition to this, activation energies and Avrami parameters were also calculated. According to the results of the thermogravimetric analyses, the amount of oxidation was seen to be increased with increasing Ru concentration. Moreover, the lattice parameters, volume fractions and surface morphologies of our newly produced glass ceramics were investigated by XRD and SEM measurements, respectively. RISE behavior obtained from the microhardness measurements for all samples. Microhardness, elastic modulus, yield strength and fracture toughness values decreased with increasing Ru doping.
Preparation, growth, structure and optical properties of high-quality c-axis oriented non-vacuum Er doped ZnO thin films were studied. Zn1−xErxO (x=0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.05) precursor ...solutions were prepared by sol–gel synthesis using Zn, and Er based alkoxide which were dissolved into solvent and chelating agent. Zn1−xErxO thin films with different Er doping concentration were grown on glass substrate using sol–gel dip coating. Thin films were annealed at 600°C for 30min, and tried to observe the effect of doping ratio on structural and optical properties. The particle size, crystal structure, surface morphologies and microstructure of all samples were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The UV–vis spectrometer measurements were carried out for the optical characterizations. The surface morphology of the Zn1−xErxO films depend on substrate nature and sol–gel parameters such as withdrawal speed, drying, heat treatment, deep number (film thickness) and annealing condition. Surface morphologies of Er doped ZnO thin films were dense, without porosity, uniform, crack and pinhole free. XRD results showed that, all Er doped ZnO thin films have a hexagonal structure and (002) orientation. The optical transmittance of rare earth element (Er) doped ZnO thin films were increased. The Er doped ZnO thin films showed high transparency (>85) in the visible region (400–700nm).
We present ZnO nanorod/ZnO thin film structures synthesized at different molarities and growth times using a hydrothermal method, exhibiting uniquely solar sensing characteristics. ZnO thin film was ...deposited on
p
-Si(100) substrate by using RF sputter. ZnO nanorods with different molarities (10 and 20 mM) and growth times (2, 3, and 4 h) were fabricated at 90 °C by using the hydrothermal method on the
n
-ZnO/
p
-Si. The surface texture was also examined by scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of ZnO NRs was in the range of 62–119 nm. The current–time measurements were done under solar light illumination intensity (50 and 100 mW/cm
2
) and forward bias voltage (1, 5, and 10 V). Decay time (
τ
d
), rise time (
τ
r
), detectivity (
D*
), responsivity (
R
), and sensitivity (
S
) parameters were calculated. Samples produced at 2 h and 3 h in 10 mM solution performed best due to low
τ
d
,
τ
r
, and high
D*
,
R
,
S
. Especially, the
S
for the PD
102
changed from 4.24 to 11.8, while it was in the range of 0.41–7.33 for the PD
103
. The
R
was 5.81 AW
−1
in PD
102
and 1.19 AW
−1
in PD
103
. The
D*
was 10
9
–10
11
cmHz
1/2
/W in PD
102
and 10
10
–10
11
cmHz
1/2
/W in PD
103
at ± 6 V.
We present a detailed study of the anomalous single fourth generation
t
′
quark production within the dominant Standard Model (SM) decay modes at future
e
+
e
−
colliders. We calculate the signal and ...background cross sections in the mass range 300–800 GeV. We also discuss the limits of
t
′
q
γ
and
t
′
q
Z
(
q
=
u
,
c
) anomalous couplings as well as values of attainable integrated luminosity for 3
σ observation limit.
In this study, effect of substitution ratio on the mechanical and structural properties of Bi
1−x
Ru
x
Pb
0.2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
10+δ
system, that is prepared in the ratios of x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.050, ...0.075, is investigated. Samples are prepared with glass ceramic method and sintered at 845 °C. XRD and SEM measurements are performed for structural analyses, and Vickers micro-hardness measurements are carried out at different applied load (0.245 ≤ F ≤ 2.940 N) in order to investigate the mechanical performance of the Ru doped Bi
1−x
Ru
x
Pb
0.2
Sr
2
CaCu
2
O
10+δ
system. Experimental results of Vickers micro-hardness analyses are performed using the Meyer’s law, the proportional samples resistance model, the elastic/plastic deformation model, the Hays–Kendall approach and the indentation induced cracking (IIC) model. All analyses results are exhibited reverse indentation size effect behavior. The measured hardness values increase with increasing the applied load. Finally, IIC model is determined as the most successful model describing the mechanical properties of our samples.
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