•This study recruited 441 people from the general population of New Zealand.•16% reported moderate to severe driving anxiety.•Those with higher driving anxiety endorsed more anxiety about road ...rage.•Those with higher driving anxiety endorsed lower feelings of driving safety.
Research over the last two decades has resulted in improved understandings of the nature and characteristics of driving anxiety. However, we still do not know the extent of driving anxiety in the general population, as most studies have focused on clinical or vehicle accident samples, and the only population study is of older adults. The present study addressed this gap in knowledge using data from 441 people who responded to a survey sent to a random sample of 1500 adults recruited from the compulsory voting register in New Zealand. While 31% reported no driving anxiety, 52% endorsed mild driving anxiety and 16% reported moderate to severe driving anxiety. There were small but significant differences in the average age at which participants in these three groups started to learn to drive, but there were no differences in driving-related accidents and incidents over the past 12 months. Those with higher driving anxiety endorsed more anxiety about road rage, lower feelings of safety while driving, and more driving-related avoidance and negative cognitions than the less anxious participants. However, levels of helpseeking were low, and suggest the need to develop online self-help packages that are more accessible and acceptable to those experiencing driving anxiety.
Our knowledge of the endophytic fungal community associated with needles of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is rather limited, which contrasts with the importance of this tree species for forestry in ...the UK. In our study, we focused on the detailed characterization of multiple isolates tentatively placed into the genera Nothophaeocryptopus and Rhizosphaera that were obtained from needles of Sitka spruce and co‐occurring Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) at four sites in Scotland and Wales. After a thorough analysis of their phenotype and analysis of two nuclear regions (ITS rDNA and gene for β‐tubulin), we propose two species new to science and one new combination. Nothophaeocryptopus piceae was isolated from healthy green or brown needles from spruces and is currently known only as a sterile culture, but the taxonomic novelty is well supported by host affinity and results of molecular data analysis. Rhizosphaera minteri may also be distinguished based on the combination of host and molecular data, but morphologically, it is similar to R. pini. Finally, Hormonema merioides and R. pseudotsugae are found to be conspecific and a new combination R. merioides is proposed following the phylogenetic placement of this species. Our study highlights the importance of multiple approaches used in the identification of microfungi associated with coniferous needles. It is evident that morphologically identical fungi may represent distinct species differing in their host range and severity on the host. This study also provides a basis for future monitoring of these fungi associated with important coniferous forestry trees in the UK.
Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated, including one new family,
Occultibambusaceae
, three new genera,
Neoanthostomella
,
Occultibambusa
and
Seriascoma
, 27 new species, one ...renamed species and 15 re-described or re-illustrated species, and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper, the majority of which are saprobic on dead culms. To determine species identification, separate phylogenetical analyses for each group are carried out, based on molecular data from this study and sequences downloaded from GenBank. Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed. In addition a list of bambusicolous fungi published since Hyde and colleagues in 2002 is provided.
To date there is virtually no information available concerning the fungi associated with
Tectona grandis
(teak) (
Lamiaceae
) in Thailand. In this study, samples of microfungi were collected from ...both asymptomatic stems and dead wood, and symptomatic branches, stem and leaves of
T. grandis
from 27 sites in six provinces (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phitsanulok, Phrae and Uttaradit Provinces). Morphology and combined multi-gene phylogeny (CAL, GAPDH, ITS, LSU, RPB2, SSU, TEF1 and TUB) were used to identify taxa. A total of 270 collections, representing 28 fungal species residing in 12 families, 7 orders and 21 genera, with three species of uncertain taxonomic placement were identified. Of these, one family, three genera and 14 species are new to science. The new family,
Pseudocoleodictyosporaceae
is introduced based on its distinct lineage in the Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology as compared to
Roussoellaceae
and
Torulaceae
. The new genera are
Neooccultibambusa
,
Pseudocoleodictyospora
and
Subglobosporium
. The newly described species are
Diaporthe neoraonikayaporum
,
D. tectonendophytica
,
D. tectonae
,
D. tectonigena
,
Hermatomyces tectonae
,
H. thailandica
,
Manoharachariella tectonae
,
Neooccultibambusa chiangraiensis
,
Pseudocoleodictyospora sukhothaiensis
,
Ps. tectonae
,
Ps. thailandica
,
Rhytidhysteron tectonae
,
Subglobosporium tectonae
and
Tubeufia tectonae
. Fourteen species are known published taxa including
Alternaria tillandsiae
,
Berkleasmium talaumae
,
Boerlagiomyces macrospora
,
Ceratocladium purpureogriseum
,
Fusarium solani
,
Helicoma siamense
,
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
,
Macrovalsaria megalospora
,
Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum
,
Phaeoacremonium italicum
,
Sphaeropsis eucalypticola
,
Stachybotrys levispora
,
St. renispora
and
Thaxteriellopsis lignicola
. Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for
Boerlagiomyces macrospora
and
Macrovalsaria megalospora. Macrovalsaria megalospora
is transferred from
Botryosphaeriaceae
to Dothideomycetes genus,
incertae sedis
based on taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis, which indicate it is distinct from
Botryosphaeriaceae
. All fungal species represent first reports on
T. grandis
in Thailand. New taxa and taxa
incertae sedis
, as well as known taxa which are established as reference specimens or epitypes, are presented with phylogenetic tree analyses, habitat, known distribution, material examined, full descriptions, notes and figures. Information is also provided for known taxa to add to the body of knowledge and to assist those wishing to study fungi occurring on
T. grandis
in future.
Porn literacy education is a pedagogical strategy responding to youth engagement with pornography through digital media. The approach is intended to increase young people’s knowledge and awareness ...regarding the portrayal of sexuality in Internet pornography. However, what being ‘porn literate’ entails, and what a porn literacy education curricula should therefore include, is not a settled matter. Recognising the importance of end-user perspectives, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents, teachers and young people in Aotearoa (New Zealand) and analysed via critical, constructionist thematic analysis. Participants drew on a developmentalist discourse and a discourse of harm to construct porn literacy education as a way to inoculate young people against harmful effects, distortions of reality, and unhealthy messages. In addition to this dominant construction of porn literacy education, we identified talk that to some extent resisted these dominant discourses. Building on these instances of resistance, and asset-based constructions of youth based on their agency and capability, we point to an ethical sexual citizenship pedagogy as an alternative approach to porn literacy education.
This study examined whether there are meaningful subgroups of older past drivers who experience better health and quality of life outcomes, and the factors that may contribute to such outcomes.
Data ...from 127 people aged 56-89 years who were past drivers in a New Zealand longitudinal study of aging was used in cluster analysis.
Older past drivers experienced a range of outcomes regarding health and quality of life following driving cessation that clustered into five subgroups, ranging from people with robust outcomes to those with vulnerable health and quality of life. The subgroups were distinguished by economic position, social support, and volunteering.
Using methodology to address issues associated with use of aggregated data, there were subgroups of older past drivers who had better health and wellbeing outcomes following driving cessation than the literature has indicated. Further research is needed to identify the characteristics of those who experience better outcomes, including the role of health, the impact of voluntary and involuntary cessation, and the impact of time to cessation, including self-regulation.
Older people who stop driving can have positive health and wellbeing outcomes, particularly if they can access social support and volunteering activities.
Fear of driving is common in the general population and can lead to serious constraints in everyday life. There has been increased attention to this area of research and clinical practice over the ...past few decades, and a summary of the literature on treatment approaches is timely. This article gives an overview of the current state of research on driving fear and its treatment. First, the main findings about the construct and diagnosis are summarized, including understandings of the epidemiology and etiology of driving fear. Second, existing treatment studies of cognitive and behavioral therapy, virtual reality therapy, trauma-focused and hypnosis-based interventions and treatment approaches using technological aids such as driving-simulators are presented. Until now, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the treatment of driving fear have been conducted. Suggestions for future research are made, especially with regard to further exploration of diagnostic features of driving fear and the need for RCTs and robust treatment procedures.
In this article, we explore young New Zealanders’ use of sexual scripts in talk about Internet pornography (IP) to perform ‘smart’ sexual selves. Using sexual scripting theory, as developed by ...feminist discursive psychologists, our analysis of interview data generated with 10 youth (aged 16–18 years) highlights two commonly constructed sexual identities across youth talk; (i) the proficient Internet pornography user, and (ii) the astute Internet pornography viewer. The way these young people talk about portrayals of sexuality and gender in IP – and their ability to discern its artifice – suggests they are savvy consumers who are capable of using IP as a cultural resource (e.g. for learning, entertainment) while at the same time acknowledging it as a flawed representation of sex and sexuality. We discuss the implications of our findings for strengths-based sexuality education that supports sexual agency, proposing a justice-orientated approach grounded in the notion of ethical sexual citizenship.
Understanding driving anxiety in older adults Taylor, Joanne E.; Connolly, Martin J.; Brookland, Rebecca ...
Maturitas,
December 2018, 2018-Dec, 2018-12-00, 20181201, Letnik:
118
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•This is a population survey of 1170 drivers aged 65 and over in New Zealand.•27% reported mild driving anxiety and 10.7% high driving anxiety.•Women and those aged 70+ were more often represented in ...the driving anxiety group.•High levels of driving anxiety were associated with different driving patterns.
Driving anxiety is a heterogeneous experience that can impact on everyday activities. Little is known about whether older adults experience driving anxiety and, if so, what impact it has on their health, functioning, and quality of life. This is particularly important given the ageing population and driving patterns of older drivers. The present study examines the extent of self-reported driving anxiety in older adult drivers.
Population survey of community-dwelling older drivers.
New Zealand.
1170 adults aged 65 and over.
Self-reported ratings of driving anxiety.
62.3% of participants reported no driving anxiety, 27.0% reported mild driving anxiety and 10.7% endorsed more moderate to extreme levels of driving anxiety, which is higher than has been identified with adults aged 55–72. Women were significantly more often (p < .01) represented in the groups of mildly and moderately anxious drivers, and those who were moderately to extremely anxious were more likely to be aged 70+ (p < .04). Those with moderate to severe driving anxiety tended to drive less often, for shorter distances, and to use alternative modes of transport more often than those with mild or no driving anxiety.
Driving anxiety is experienced by many older adults, with quite a large proportion reporting high levels of driving anxiety and associated differences in driving patterns. Further research is needed to better understand why older drivers experience driving anxiety, and how it impacts health and wellbeing as well as driving self-regulation and cessation.
Neonatal hypoglycemia is common and can cause brain injury. Buccal dextrose gel is effective for treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia, and when used for prevention may reduce the incidence of ...hypoglycemia in babies at risk, but its clinical utility remains uncertain.
We conducted a multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial in 18 New Zealand and Australian maternity hospitals from January 2015 to May 2019. Babies at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia (maternal diabetes, late preterm, or high or low birthweight) without indications for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were randomized to 0.5 ml/kg buccal 40% dextrose or placebo gel at 1 hour of age. Primary outcome was NICU admission, with power to detect a 4% absolute reduction. Secondary outcomes included hypoglycemia, NICU admission for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, breastfeeding at discharge, formula feeding at 6 weeks, and maternal satisfaction. Families and clinical and study staff were unaware of treatment allocation. A total of 2,149 babies were randomized (48.7% girls). NICU admission occurred for 111/1,070 (10.4%) randomized to dextrose gel and 100/1,063 (9.4%) randomized to placebo (adjusted relative risk aRR 1.10; 95% CI 0.86, 1.42; p = 0.44). Babies randomized to dextrose gel were less likely to become hypoglycemic (blood glucose < 2.6 mmol/l) (399/1,070, 37%, versus 448/1,063, 42%; aRR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80, 0.98; p = 0.02) although NICU admission for hypoglycemia was similar between groups (65/1,070, 6.1%, versus 48/1,063, 4.5%; aRR 1.35; 95% CI 0.94, 1.94; p = 0.10). There were no differences between groups in breastfeeding at discharge from hospital (aRR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99, 1.02; p = 0.67), receipt of formula before discharge (aRR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92, 1.08; p = 0.90), and formula feeding at 6 weeks (aRR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93, 1.10; p = 0.81), and there was no hyperglycemia. Most mothers (95%) would recommend the study to friends. No adverse effects, including 2 deaths in each group, were attributable to dextrose gel. Limitations of this study included that most participants (81%) were infants of mothers with diabetes, which may limit generalizability, and a less reliable analyzer was used in 16.5% of glucose measurements.
In this placebo-controlled randomized trial, prophylactic dextrose gel 200 mg/kg did not reduce NICU admission in babies at risk of hypoglycemia but did reduce hypoglycemia. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine the clinical utility of this strategy.
ACTRN 12614001263684.
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