Abstract
The detection of emission lines associated with accretion processes is a direct method for studying how and where gas giant planets form, how young planets interact with their natal ...protoplanetary disk, and how volatile delivery to their atmosphere takes place. H
α
(
λ
= 0.656
μ
m) is expected to be the strongest accretion line observable from the ground with adaptive optics systems, and is therefore the target of specific high-contrast imaging campaigns. We present MagAO-X and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data obtained to search for H
α
emission from the previously detected protoplanet candidate orbiting AS209, identified through Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. No signal was detected at the location of the candidate, and we provide limits on its accretion. Our data would have detected an H
α
emission with
F
H
α
> 2.5 ± 0.3 × 10
−16
erg s
−1
cm
−2
, a factor 6.5 lower than the HST flux measured for PDS70 b. The flux limit indicates that if the protoplanet is currently accreting it is likely that local extinction from circumstellar and circumplanetary material strongly attenuates its emission at optical wavelengths. In addition, the data reveal the first image of the jet north of the star as expected from previous detections of forbidden lines. Finally, this work demonstrates that current ground-based observations with extreme adaptive optics systems can be more sensitive than space-based observations, paving the way to the hunt for small planets in reflected light with extremely large telescopes.
The BioMart Community Portal (www.biomart.org) is a community-driven effort to provide a unified interface to biomedical databases that are distributed worldwide. The portal provides access to ...numerous database projects supported by 30 scientific organizations. It includes over 800 different biological datasets spanning genomics, proteomics, model organisms, cancer data, ontology information and more. All resources available through the portal are independently administered and funded by their host organizations. The BioMart data federation technology provides a unified interface to all the available data. The latest version of the portal comes with many new databases that have been created by our ever-growing community. It also comes with better support and extensibility for data analysis and visualization tools. A new addition to our toolbox, the enrichment analysis tool is now accessible through graphical and web service interface. The BioMart community portal averages over one million requests per day. Building on this level of service and the wealth of information that has become available, the BioMart Community Portal has introduced a new, more scalable and cheaper alternative to the large data stores maintained by specialized organizations.
Protoplanetary disks around young stars are the birth sites of planetary systems like our own. Disks represent the gaseous dusty matter left after the formation of their central stars. The mass and ...luminosity of the star, initial disk mass and angular momentum, and gas viscosity govern disk evolution and accretion. Protoplanetary disks are the cosmic nurseries where microscopic dust grains grow into pebbles, planetesimals, and planets.
With the growing use of electronic medical records, the trend of diagnostic imaging reporting is toward a more structured format. Advantages include improved quality and consistency of the reporting ...and ease of data mining. The essential elements of a structured report are provided and illustrated for coronary artery computed tomographic angiograms.
Rate of Progression of Transthyretin Amyloidosis Benson, Merrill D., MD; Teague, Shawn D., MD; Kovacs, Richard, MD ...
The American journal of cardiology,
07/2011, Letnik:
108, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is an adult-onset disease characterized mainly by peripheral neuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Although disease progression is usually 5 to 15 years from time ...of diagnosis to death, no specific measurements of disease progression have been identified. The present study was designed to identify objective parameters to measure progression of hereditary TTR amyloidosis and determine if these parameters would show significant change within 1 year. Nine patients with biopsy-proved TTR amyloidosis and evidence of cardiac involvement were studied at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram. Neurologic impairment score and electromyogram were determined at baseline and 12 months. Left ventricular mass determined by MRI and echocardiogram showed significant change at 12-month examination (p = 0.005 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Electrocardiogram and neurologic impairment score did not show significant change at 12 months. Measurement of left ventricular mass by MRI and echocardiographic techniques showed significant change in hereditary TTR cardiac amyloidosis within 1 year. In conclusion, these methods provide a means to clinically monitor progression of hereditary TTR amyloidosis and determine efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Protoplanetary disks around young stars are the birth sights of planetary systems like our own. Disks represent the gaseous dusty matter left after the formation of their central stars. The mass and ...luminosity of the star, initial disk mass and angular momentum, and gas viscosity govern disk evolution and accretion. Protoplanetary disks are the cosmic nurseries where microscopic dust grains grow into pebbles, planetesimals, and planets.
Randomized, controlled trials have suggested that the transfusion of blood after prolonged storage does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes among patients, although most of these trials were ...restricted to high-risk populations and were not powered to detect small but clinically important differences in mortality. We sought to find out whether the duration of blood storage would have an effect on mortality after transfusion in a general population of hospitalized patients.
In this pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial conducted at six hospitals in four countries, we randomly assigned patients who required a red-cell transfusion to receive blood that had been stored for the shortest duration (short-term storage group) or the longest duration (long-term storage group) in a 1:2 ratio. Only patients with type A or O blood were included in the primary analysis, since pilot data suggested that our goal of achieving a difference in the mean duration of blood storage of at least 10 days would not be possible with other blood types. Written informed consent was waived because all the patients received treatment consistent with the current standard of care. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was estimated by means of a logistic-regression model after adjustment for study center and patient blood type.
From April 2012 through October 2015, a total of 31,497 patients underwent randomization. Of these patients, 6761 who did not meet all the enrollment criteria were excluded after randomization. The primary analysis included 20,858 patients with type A or O blood. Of these patients, 6936 were assigned to the short-term storage group and 13,922 to the long-term storage group. The mean storage duration was 13.0 days in the short-term storage group and 23.6 days in the long-term storage group. There were 634 deaths (9.1%) in the short-term storage group and 1213 (8.7%) in the long-term storage group (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.95 to 1.16; P=0.34). When the analysis was expanded to include the 24,736 patients with any blood type, the results were similar, with rates of death of 9.1% and 8.8%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14; P=0.38). Additional results were consistent in three prespecified high-risk subgroups (patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, those admitted to intensive care, and those with cancer).
Among patients in a general hospital population, there was no significant difference in the rate of death among those who underwent transfusion with the freshest available blood and those who underwent transfusion according to the standard practice of transfusing the oldest available blood. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; INFORM Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN08118744 .).
Recent studies have provided a detailed census of genes that are mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our next challenge is to understand how this genetic diversity defines the pathophysiology of ...AML and informs clinical practice.
We enrolled a total of 1540 patients in three prospective trials of intensive therapy. Combining driver mutations in 111 cancer genes with cytogenetic and clinical data, we defined AML genomic subgroups and their relevance to clinical outcomes.
We identified 5234 driver mutations across 76 genes or genomic regions, with 2 or more drivers identified in 86% of the patients. Patterns of co-mutation compartmentalized the cohort into 11 classes, each with distinct diagnostic features and clinical outcomes. In addition to currently defined AML subgroups, three heterogeneous genomic categories emerged: AML with mutations in genes encoding chromatin, RNA-splicing regulators, or both (in 18% of patients); AML with TP53 mutations, chromosomal aneuploidies, or both (in 13%); and, provisionally, AML with IDH2(R172) mutations (in 1%). Patients with chromatin-spliceosome and TP53-aneuploidy AML had poor outcomes, with the various class-defining mutations contributing independently and additively to the outcome. In addition to class-defining lesions, other co-occurring driver mutations also had a substantial effect on overall survival. The prognostic effects of individual mutations were often significantly altered by the presence or absence of other driver mutations. Such gene-gene interactions were especially pronounced for NPM1-mutated AML, in which patterns of co-mutation identified groups with a favorable or adverse prognosis. These predictions require validation in prospective clinical trials.
The driver landscape in AML reveals distinct molecular subgroups that reflect discrete paths in the evolution of AML, informing disease classification and prognostic stratification. (Funded by the Wellcome Trust and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00146120.).
Obesity is a well-established risk factor for human cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Immune dysfunction is commonly associated with obesity but whether compromised immune ...surveillance contributes to cancer susceptibility in individuals with obesity is unclear. Here we use a mouse model of diet-induced obesity to investigate tumor-infiltrating CD8
T cell responses in lean, obese, and previously obese hosts that lost weight through either dietary restriction or treatment with semaglutide. While both strategies reduce body mass, only dietary intervention restores T cell function and improves responses to immunotherapy. In mice exposed to a chemical carcinogen, obesity-related immune dysfunction leads to higher incidence of sarcoma development. However, impaired immunoediting in the obese environment enhances tumor immunogenicity, making the malignancies highly sensitive to immunotherapy. These findings offer insight into the complex interplay between obesity, immunity and cancer, and provide explanation for the obesity paradox observed in clinical immunotherapy settings.
A three-dimensional view of Gomez’s hamburger Teague, Richard; Jankovic, Marija R; Haworth, Thomas J ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
06/2020, Letnik:
495, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT
Unravelling the three-dimensional physical structure, the temperature and density distribution, of protoplanetary discs is an essential step if we are to confront simulations of embedded ...planets or dynamical instabilities. In this paper, we focus on submillimeter array observations of the edge-on source, Gomez’s Hamburger, believed to host an overdensity hypothesized to be a product of gravitational instability in the disc, GoHam b. We demonstrate that, by leveraging the well-characterized rotation of a Keplerian disc to deproject observations of molecular lines in position-position-velocity space into disc-centric coordinates, we are able to map out the emission distribution in the $(r,\, z)$ plane and ($x,\, |y|,\, z)$ space. We show that 12CO traces an elevated layer of $z\, /\, r \sim 0.3$, while 13CO traces deeper in the disc at $z\, /\, r \lesssim 0.2$. We identify an azimuthal asymmetry in the deprojected 13CO emission coincident with GoHam b at a polar angle of ≈30○. At the spatial resolution of ∼1.5 arcsec, GoHam b is spatially unresolved, with an upper limit to its radius of <190 au.
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