In the frame of the consolidation of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) Target Area it was decided to replace the two original normal conducting quadrupoles used for the final focusing of the proton ...beam before the target by two 1.1 m long quadrupoles based on permanent magnet technology. Their gradient is adjustable from 35 to 45 T/m inside an aperture of 60 mm in diameter. This paper describes the design, manufacturing, assembly, and magnetic measurements of these high gradient quadrupoles.
In the past, the use of permanent magnets in the CERN Accelerator Complex was marginal. In the recent years, specific attention is being devoted to fit, where possible, permanent magnets in new ...projects either in case of consolidation or for the upgrade of existing accelerators and experimental areas. This paper describes and analyzes the design and manufacture of some of these projects, particularly the permanent-magnet quadrupoles with adjustable gradient installed in Linac4, a permanent sextupole magnet for the ASACUSA experiment, and a large dipole for the nTof experimental area.
FASER, the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment, is designed to search for new, yet undiscovered, light and weakly-interacting particles and study the interactions of high-energy neutrinos. Three dipoles, one ...1.5 m-long and the other two 1.0 m-long each, installed upstream of the ATLAS experiment at CERN, are required to achieve sufficient separation of pairs of oppositely charged, high-energy Standard Model particles originating from decays of new physics particles. The dipoles have an aperture of 200 mm in diameter and a required magnetic field at the centre ≥ 0.55 T. Due to tight space constraints, a design based on permanent magnet technology was proposed. This paper describes the design, manufacturing, assembly and magnetic measurement of these large Halbach array dipoles.
Abstract
A first beam dynamics and RF design of an Alvarez-type drift tube linac (DTL) has been defined in the framework of the EU project, HITRIplus. It is meant primarily as a carbon (
12
C
4+
) ...and helium (
4
He
2+
) ion injector of a compact synchrotron for patient treatment. As a second implementation, helium particle acceleration with a higher duty cycle (10%) enables radioisotope production. The 352.2 MHz structure efficiently accelerates ion species with A/q=3 and 2, in the energy range from 1 to 5 MeV/u and for a beam current up to ∼0.5 mA. The design extends to a full length of ∼6.4 meters. Permanent magnet quadrupoles are utilized all along the DTL for focusing both ion beams. This paper presents a first-phase analysis towards a realistic DTL design capable of providing full beam transmission and minimum overall emittance increase for both A/q values.
Compact quadrupole magnets are required for the CCDTL (Cell-Coupled Drift Tube Linac) of Linac 4, a 160 MeV linear accelerator of negative hydrogen ions which will replace the old 50 MeV proton ...Linac2 at CERN. The magnets, of an overall physical length of 140 mm and an aperture diameter of 45 mm, are based on Sm 2 Co 17 blocks and can provide an integrated gradient of up to 1.6 Tesla. The magnetic field quality is determined by 4 ferromagnetic pole tips, aligned together with the permanent magnets blocks inside a structure made in a single piece. Tuning bars allow to individually trim the magnetic flux provided by each pole, to correct possible differences between blocks and to modify the field gradient intensity within about 20% of the nominal value. The paper describes and discusses the design, manufacture and magnetic measurements of a first prototype magnet.
The main busbar interconnection splices of the Large Hadron Collider are assembled by inductive soldering of the Rutherford type cables and the copper profiles of the stabilizer. Following the ...September 2008 incident, the assembly process and the quality assurance have been improved, with new measurement and diagnostics methods introduced. In the 2008-2009 shutdown the resistance both in the superconducting and in the normal conducting states have been the focus for improvements. The introduction of gamma radiography has allowed the visualization of voids between cable and stabilizer. It is now known that during the standard soldering heating cycle solder is lost from the busbar extremities adjacent to the splice profiles, leaving parts of the cable in poor contact with the stabilizer. A room temperature resistance measurement has been introduced as a simple, non-destructive test to measure the electrical continuity of the splice in its normal conducting state. An ultrasonic test has been performed systematically in order to verify if the vertical gaps between the splice profiles are filled with Sn96Ag4 solder. Visual inspections of the different splice components before and after interconnection have been reinforced. The additional information gained has allowed targeted improvements in the splice production process. Ad-hoc machining of splice components avoids macroscopic gaps, additional soldering foil and copper shims are used in critical areas in order to improve the cable to stabilizer contact.
Penetrating particle ANalyzer (PAN) Wu, X.; Ambrosi, G.; Azzarello, P. ...
Advances in space research,
04/2019, Letnik:
63, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
PAN is a scientific instrument suitable for deep space and interplanetary missions. It can precisely measure and monitor the flux, composition, and direction of highly penetrating particles ...(>∼100 MeV/nucleon) in deep space, over at least one full solar cycle (11 years). The science program of PAN is multi- and cross-disciplinary, covering cosmic ray physics, solar physics, space weather and space travel. PAN will fill an observation gap of galactic cosmic rays in the GeV region, and provide precise information of the spectrum, composition and emission time of energetic particle originated from the Sun. The precise measurement and monitoring of the energetic particles is also a unique contribution to space weather studies. PAN will map the flux and composition of penetrating particles, which cannot be shielded effectively, precisely and continuously, providing valuable input for the assessment of the related health risk, and for the development of an adequate mitigation strategy. PAN has the potential to become a standard on-board instrument for deep space human travel.
PAN is based on the proven detection principle of a magnetic spectrometer, but with novel layout and detection concept. It will adopt advanced particle detection technologies and industrial processes optimized for deep space application. The device will require limited mass (20 kg) and power (20 W) budget. Dipole magnet sectors built from high field permanent magnet Halbach arrays, instrumented in a modular fashion with high resolution silicon strip detectors, allow to reach an energy resolution better than 10% for nuclei from H to Fe at 1 GeV/n. The charge of the particle, from 1 (proton) to 26 (Iron), can be determined by scintillating detectors and silicon strip detectors, with readout ASICs of large dynamic range. Silicon pixel detectors used in a low power setting will maintain the detection capabilities for even the strongest solar events. A fast scintillator with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout will provide timing information to determine the entering direction of the particle, as well as a high rate particle counter. Low noise, low power and high density ASIC will be developed to satisfy the stringent requirement of the position resolution and the power consumption of the tracker.
About 4650 normal conducting magnets are presently installed in the CERN accelerators complex, more than 3000 of them belonging to the LHC injector chain and 163 installed in the LHC. The oldest ...magnets have been in operation for 50 years, and some of them are submitted to aggressive conditions, either in terms of radiation, extreme water cooling conditions or temperature. The smallest magnets in the linacs weigh a few kilograms, whilst each of the main magnets of the Proton Synchrotron weighs 33 tons. The paper reviews the status of these magnets and gives some examples of findings and relevant recent actions undertaken to ensure their reliable operation in the coming years.
PAN is a scientific instrument suitable for deep space and interplanetary missions. It can precisely measure and monitor the flux, composition, and direction of highly penetrating particles (\(> ...\sim\)100 MeV/nucleon) in deep space, over at least one full solar cycle (~11 years). The science program of PAN is multi- and cross-disciplinary, covering cosmic ray physics, solar physics, space weather and space travel. PAN will fill an observation gap of galactic cosmic rays in the GeV region, and provide precise information of the spectrum, composition and emission time of energetic particle originated from the Sun. The precise measurement and monitoring of the energetic particles is also a unique contribution to space weather studies. PAN will map the flux and composition of penetrating particles, which cannot be shielded effectively, precisely and continuously, providing valuable input for the assessment of the related health risk, and for the development of an adequate mitigation strategy. PAN has the potential to become a standard on-board instrument for deep space human travel. PAN is based on the proven detection principle of a magnetic spectrometer, but with novel layout and detection concept. It will adopt advanced particle detection technologies and industrial processes optimized for deep space application. The device will require limited mass (~20 kg) and power (~20 W) budget. Dipole magnet sectors built from high field permanent magnet Halbach arrays, instrumented in a modular fashion with high resolution silicon strip detectors, allow to reach an energy resolution better than 10\% for nuclei from H to Fe at 1 GeV/n.
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