A total of 10 anthropometric measures were taken from a sample of 21 male tram drivers of ZET Zagreb, from a sample of 39 male students of the University of Zagreb, as well as from a sample of 48 ...female students of the University of Zagreb, out of which the mean arithmetic values of body segment ratios were determined. According to the scientific findings that body height decreases with age, male tram drivers were divided by age into three groups. Some of the calculated mean arithmetic values of body segment ratios h.sub.i/h for individual anthropometric measures h.sub.i in relation to the body height h have been compared with theoretical values of body ratios calculated by harmonic analysis by Zerderbauer and Muftic and the golden section, and it is obvious that there are no big differences in values. Body ratios h.sub.mdr/h and h.sub.ndr/h can be used for simplified calculation of anthropometric measures h.sub.mdr and h.sub.ndr only by knowing the value of body height h, during the control panel design in tram cab or train cab, because body ratios h.sub.mdr/h and h.sub.ndr/h do not depend on gender, age and occupation for adult respondents from Croatia. Keywords: anthropometric measures; theoretic harmonic analysis; golden section; body segment ratios; simplified calculation
SAŽETAK: Korištenjem samo klasičnih metoda zasnovanih na izračunu objektivnog statističkog rizika nakon ekspertiza prometnih nesreća vrlo je teško pouzdano izdvojiti one za koje je mogući uzrok umor ...vozača cestovnih vozila. IRAP metodologija može bitno pomoći u boljem izdvajanju prometnih nesreća za koje je vjerojatni uzrok umor vozača, jer se iRAP metodologijom može brzo i objektivno procijeniti statička sigurnost prometne infrastrukture, a onda i isključiti kao mogući uzrok. Prema dinamičkom otvorenom Fullerovom TCI modelu „zahtjev zadaće-sposobnost vozača“, vozači dominantno određuju željenu razinu težine zadaće tijekom vožnje odabirom brzine, što u slučaju odabira nedopuštene brzine ili brzine neprilagođene uvjetima na cesti između ostaloga može ovisiti i o tome je li vozač umoran ili ne. Na primjeru šest prometnih nesreća na autocestama u Republici Hrvatskoj, izdvojenih statističkom obradom prema karakterističnim kriterijima iz recentne znanstvene literature, pokazat će se kako se primjenom iRAP metodologije odrednice prometne infrastrukture iz skupine čimbenika „prometni okoliš“ mogu potpuno isključiti kao uzrok prometne nesreće. Što točnije izdvajanje prometnih nesreća cestovnih vozila za koje je mogući uzrok umor pomoći će kolegama istraživačima iz ostalih znanstvenih područja istražiti karakteristične čimbenike prometnih nesreća povezanih s umorom, a zbog predlaganja mjera za smanjivanje utjecaja umora na izvedbu vozača.
SUMMARY: Using only classical methods based on the calculation of objective statistical risk after the traffic accident expertise, it is very difficult to select the traffic accidents that were probably caused
by fatigue of road vehicle drivers. The iRAP methodology can significantly assist in the selection of road traffic accidents which were probably caused by the driver's fatigue, because by using the iRAP methodology the static safety of road infrastructure elements can be quickly and objectively evaluated, and then excluded as a possible cause
of a traffic accident. According to dynamic and open TCI Fuller's model
“task demand - driver's capability”, drivers dominantly influence the desired level of task demand while driving by choosing the speed, which in the case of choosing the unacceptable speed or speed unsuited for the
environmental conditions on the road, among the rest, may depend on whether the driver is under the influence of fatigue. On the example of six traffic accidents that occurred on motorways in the Republic of Croatia and were selected for statistical analysis by characteristic criteria from the recent scientific literature, it will be presented how
by using the iRAP methodology the factors of road infrastructure from the group of “traffic environment” factors can be completely excluded as
the cause of traffic accidents. The more accurate selection of road traffic accidents that were caused by driver’s fatigue will help researchers from other scientific fields to select and explore the characteristic factors of fatigue-related traffic accidents in order to suggest measures to reduce the fatigue effect on the driver's performance.
Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K dependent peptide which has an established role in suppression of vascular calcification. Recent studies have pointed to a possible link between ...immunomodulatory effect of MGP and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
To compare plasma levels of dephosphorylated and uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) between IBD patients and controls.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients with IBD (30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 40 patients with Crohn's disease) and 60 age and gender matching healthy controls. Plasma dp-ucMGP levels were analyzed from blood samples by CLIA method using IDS-iSYS InaKtif MGP (Immunodiagnostic Systems, Frankfurt, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were determined from stool samples by turbidimetric immunoassay method using Bühlmann fecal calprotectin turbo assay (Bühlmann Laboratories Aktiengesellschaft, Schonenbuch, Switzerland). Other parameters were analyzed according to the standard laboratory procedures.
Plasma levels of dp-ucMGP were significantly higher in patients with IBD compared to the healthy control group (629.83 ± 124.20 pmol/mL
546.7 ± 122.09 pmol/mL,
< 0.001), and there was no significant difference between patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis (640.02 ± 131.88 pmol/mL
616.23 ± 113.92 pmol/mL,
= 0.432). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of plasma dp-ucMGP levels was found with both FC levels (
= 0.396,
< 0.001) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (
= 0.477,
< 0.001). Moreover, in the total study population a significant positive correlation was found between dp-ucMGP with age (
= 0.210,
= 0.016) and waist circumference (r = 0.264,
= 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dp-ucMGP levels retained significant association with FC (β ± SE, 0.06 ± 0.02,
= 0.003).
Study results support experimental data of MGP immunomodulatory IBD effect and indicate potential involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease, and possibly extraintestinal manifestations.
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