The influence of substrate on the microstructure and phase composition of surface layers synthesised by microarc oxidation (MAO) on aluminium and its alloys 2214-T6 and 7050-T74 is studied using ...scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as cross-sectional X-ray diffraction. MAO layers are composed of three layers and are mainly made of gamma-Al
2O
3 and alpha-Al
2O
3 phases. The proportion of each phase depends on the substrate. The external porous layer is mainly composed of the gamma-Al
2O
3 phase. The internal dense layer can present two aspects according to the percentage of the alpha-Al
2O
3 phase. The so-called granular aspect indicates a high proportion of “dendrite” defect which results from discharge formation and implies a high percentage of the alpha-Al
2O
3 phase. The so-called columnar aspect indicates a high proportion of “small channels” associated with a very weak percentage in the alpha-Al
2O
3 phase. In the latter, it is believed that a Zn alloying element can inhibit the growth of alpha-Al
2O
3. During the MAO process, discharges likely occur in the vicinity of the MAO layer/substrate interface, probably in the spherical porosities that result from oxygen generated in the thin layer localised at the interface.
Electrical cables provide essential functions, such as delivery of power or instrumentation signals for monitoring systems. Most cables installed in industrial applications are constructed with ...organic polymer insulations that can become brittle, crack, or degrade over time from exposure to harsh environmental conditions, such as elevated temperatures, moisture, vibration, mechanical shock, and radiation. This paper describes an overall strategy for assessing the health and managing the aging of cables during the operating life of an industrial facility. This strategy involves performing condition assessments and monitoring of electrical cables using both in situ and laboratory testing techniques. It includes in situ testing to identify anomalies in the circuits, such as degraded terminations, splices, connections, and degraded sections of cable insulation, as well as as-found evaluations to determine the current condition of installed cables. Furthermore, these cable condition evaluations provide important information about the current state of the cable circuits. Moreover, the test results can be used to trend/monitor age-related degradation and estimate the remaining useful life of installed cables.
Electron-Ion Collider: The next QCD frontier Accardi, A.; Albacete, J. L.; Anselmino, M. ...
The European physical journal. A, Hadrons and nuclei,
2016/9, Letnik:
52, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
.
This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the broader ...nuclear science community. It was commissioned by the managements of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) with the objective of presenting a summary of scientific opportunities and goals of the EIC as a follow-up to the 2007 NSAC Long Range plan. This document is a culmination of a community-wide effort in nuclear science following a series of workshops on EIC physics over the past decades and, in particular, the focused ten-week program on “Gluons and quark sea at high energies” at the Institute for Nuclear Theory in Fall 2010. It contains a brief description of a few golden physics measurements along with accelerator and detector concepts required to achieve them. It has been benefited profoundly from inputs by the users’ communities of BNL and JLab. This White Paper offers the promise to propel the QCD science program in the US, established with the CEBAF accelerator at JLab and the RHIC collider at BNL, to the next QCD frontier.
A fine characterization of the microstructure of the MAO coatings formed on aluminium (purity 99,999%) and its alloy 2214-T6 was observed using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy ...(FEG-SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray microtomography (XMT). In addition, the influence of current frequency (pure aluminium) and the precipitates of substrate were investigated (case of 2214-T6 alloy).
The MAO surface layers formed on aluminium and its alloy 2214-T6 can be divided into two parts: the outer layer with high porosity (so-call porous layer) and the inner layer with low porosity (so-call dense layer). However, the porosity of the inner layer increases toward the MAO layer/substrate interface. It is found that, both the thickness and the porosity increase when the current frequency decreases. The porosity of the MAO coating can be attributed to discharges formation in the vicinity of the MAO coating/substrate interface.
In the particular case of 2214-T6 aluminium alloy (3.9% Cu), with coarse non-valve metal rich precipitates aligned perpendicular to the surface of the work electrode; the transformation of precipitates under discharge effect can provoke the formation of big channels, which go through the MAO surface layer. This last one induces local formation of a layer rich electrolyte species toward the substrate.
We apply the MCLO formalism to the production of heavy-quark pairs in pointlike photon-hadron collisions. By combining this result with its analogue relevant to hadron-hadron collisions, we obtain ...NLO predictions matched to parton showers for the photoproduction of inline image pairs. We compare MCLO results to the measurements of c- and b-flavoured hadron observables performed by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA.
We present findings of an international conference of diverse participants exploring the influence of electronic health records (EHRs) on the patient-practitioner relationship. Attendees united ...around a belief in the primacy of this relationship and the importance of undistracted attention. They explored administrative, regulatory, and financial requirements that have guided United States (US) EHR design and challenged patient-care documentation, usability, user satisfaction, interconnectivity, and data sharing. The United States experience was contrasted with those of other nations, many of which have prioritized patient-care documentation rather than billing requirements and experienced high user satisfaction. Conference participants examined educational methods to teach diverse learners effective patient-centered EHR use, including alternative models of care delivery and documentation, and explored novel ways to involve patients as healthcare partners like health-data uploading, chart co-creation, shared practitioner notes, applications, and telehealth. Future best practices must preserve human relationships, while building an effective patient-practitioner (or team)-EHR triad.
Summary
Flow cytometry methods currently used for measuring neutrophil activation involve sample manipulation, which may result in cellular depletion and artifactual activation. To design a new ...methodology for measurement of neutrophil activation with minimal sample manipulation. Oxidative burst and CD 11b neutrophil expression were simultaneously assessed by a new no‐lyse no‐wash technique and a standard lyse‐method in 10 pediatric patients with recurrent infections and two patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The new technique was based on nucleic acid staining to discriminate erythrocytes and debris without requiring physical separation. Both methods served equally to confirm or eliminate the diagnosis of CGD and leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. The values of baseline CD11b and oxidative burst obtained using the lysis method were significantly higher than those obtained by the no‐lyse no‐wash method. After activation, the lysis method resulted in higher neutrophil depletion (41%vs. 19%, P = 0.03). When compared with standard methods, neutrophil activation assessment by a no‐lyse no‐wash method resulted in lower neutrophil depletion and differences in oxidative burst and CD11b neutrophil values.
A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised
e
±
p
scattering at HERA during the ...period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared,
Q
2
, and in Bjorken
x
. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions, HERAPDF1.0, with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.
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