ABSTRACT
Background
The sero‐epidemiological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Mali are not yet well understood. This study assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody seroprevalence and factors ...associated with antibody responses in the general population of Bamako, the capital city and epicenter of COVID‐19, to assess the magnitude of the pandemic and contribute to control strategy improvements in Mali.
Methods
A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in September 2022 to collect sociodemographic information, clinical characteristics, comorbid factors, and blood samples. ELISA was performed to determine anti‐Spike (anti‐S) and anti‐RBD antibody levels. A total of 3601 participants were enrolled in REDCap. R‐Studio was used for the statistical analysis. The chi‐squared (χ2) test was used to compare the proportions across different groups. Logistic regression models were used to elucidate factors associated with antibody responses.
Result
The sex ratio for female‐to‐male was 3.6:1. The most representative groups were the 20–29‐year‐olds (28.9%, n = 1043) and the 30–39‐year‐olds (26.9%, n = 967). The COVID‐19 vaccine coverage among the participants was 35.8%, with vaccines from Covishield AstraZeneca (13.4%), Johnson & Johnson (16.7%), Sinovac (3.9%), and BioNTech Pfizer (1.8%). Overall, S protein and RBD antibody seroprevalences were remarkably high in the study population (98% and 97%, respectively). Factors such as youth (1–9 years old) and male sex were associated with lower SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody responses, whereas COVID‐19 vaccinations were associated with increased antibody responses.
Conclusion
This serosurvey demonstrated the high seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and highlighted the factors influencing antibody responses, while clearly underlining an underestimation of the pandemic in Mali.
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of Ramadan fast on appetite sensations, nutritional intakes and body weight in Malians with type 2 diabetes. Appetite sensations were assessed ...before Ramadan and then at the second, ninth, and sixteenth days of Ramadan (period). A total of 24 subjects recorded their appetite sensations every 2 h between 0800 and 2200 h using visual analogue scales. Daily energy intakes were estimated by a 48-h food recall (before and during Ramadan). Results showed a significant sex effect for desire to eat (p < 0.04) and a significant period effect for desire to eat and fullness (p < 0.01). Significant sex by period interactions were observed for fullness (p < 0.001), desire to eat (p < 0.01), and prospective food consumption (p < 0.03). Moreover, significant sex by period by time interactions were found for all appetite sensations (p < 0.007). Interaction effects were mainly explained by sex differences in appetite sensations before rather than during Ramadan. Although a significant body weight loss was observed in men and a significant decrease in waist circumference was found in women (p < 0.05), no significant changes in reported average daily energy intakes were observed in either men or women. According to these preliminary results, Ramadan fasting has an impact on appetite sensations that is probably not the same in men and women.
Observer les effets métaboliques et cliniques du ramadan chez des Maliens atteints de diabète de type 2.
Cette étude a été conduite auprès de 25 sujets fréquentant le Centre national de lutte contre ...le diabète à Bamako, qui ont observé le jeûne du ramadan en 2010. Les paramètres biologiques et cliniques ont été évalués un mois avant le ramadan (T0), au cours de la quatrième semaine du ramadan (T1) et un mois après la fin de ramadan (T2).
Par rapport à T0, nous avons noté à T1 des augmentations de glycémie (p<0,05) et de tension artérielle systolique (p<0,01), non maintenues à T2. L’hémoglobine glycosylée était aussi plus élevée à T2 qu’à T0 (p<0,02). Cette perturbation du contrôle glycémique a été plus marquée chez les patients (p<0,01) qui avaient arrêté ou réduit les doses de leur médication à T1. Par ailleurs, à T1, nous avons observé une diminution du cholestérol-LDL (p<0,03), du cholestérol total (p<0,05) et du ratio cholestérol total/cholestérol-HDL (p<0,01), ainsi qu’une légère perte de poids (p<0,01). Les baisses de poids, de cholestérol-LDL et du ratio cholestérol total/cholestérol-HDL ont été maintenues à T2.
L’étude montre un effet plutôt défavorable du jeûne sur le contrôle glycémique chez les Maliens diabétiques de type 2, vraisemblablement en lien avec les perturbations dans la prise de la médication orale pendant le ramadan. En revanche, les lipides sanguins de ces patients sont nettement améliorés lors du ramadan, et même après.
To document the effects of fasting on metabolic and clinical parameters among Malians with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan in Mali.
This study was conducted with 25 subjects attending the Centre national de lutte contre le diabète in Bamako. Only those that intended to observe the Ramadan fasting in 2010 were selected. Biological and clinical parameters were measured in 25 participants at three different periods: before Ramadan (T0), during the fourth week of Ramadan (T1) and one month after Ramadan (T2).
Compared to T0, an increase was noted at T1 in fasting blood glucose (P<0.05) and systolic blood pressure (P<0.01), although not maintained at T2. Glycosylated haemoglobin was also higher at T2 compared to T0 (P<0.02). Degradation of glycemic control was more marked among patients who had stopped or reduced their doses of medication at T1 (P<0.01). Also, a decrease in LDL-cholesterol (P<0.03), total cholesterol (P<0.05) and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (P<0.01) were observed at T1, along with a slight weight loss (P<0.01). Reductions in weight, levels of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were maintained at T2.
This study showed an adverse effect of fasting on glycemic control among the participants, likely related to the non-observance of oral medication during Ramadan. However, blood lipids sharply improved during Ramadan, and even after.
In Mali, small ruminants (SRs) are an important means for enhanced livelihood through income generation, especially for women and youth. Unfortunately, opportunities for livestock farmers to tap into ...these resources for economic growth are hindered by high burden of endemic diseases such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR). A key component for the control of PPR is vaccination of SRs. However, low participation of farmers to vaccination was identified by stakeholders of the livestock value chains as a key constraint to successful vaccination programs. This study was implemented in the framework of a project which aimed at improving the domestic ruminant livestock value chains in Mali by upscaling proven interventions in animal health, feeds and feeding and livestock marketing. The objectives of the study were to review the context of livestock vaccination in Mali and evaluate the impact of innovation platforms (IP) as a means for engaging stakeholders in the vaccination process. Desk review, key informant interviews (KII) and net-mapping were used to understand the context of livestock vaccination, while vaccination coverage and sero-monitoring together with group interviews were used to measure the impact of the intervention. IPs were created in 24 communes in three regions: 15 IPs in Sikasso, 4 IPs in Mopti and 5 IPs in Timbuktu. They developed work plans and implemented activities focusing on improving interaction among key vaccine chain delivery stakeholders such as farmers, private veterinarians, vaccine manufacturers, local leaders and public veterinary services; involving them in the planning, implementation and evaluation of vaccination programs and fostering knowledge sharing, communication and capacity building. After 2 years of implementation of IPs, vaccination coverage for SRs increased significantly in target communes. During the first year, seroprevalence rate for PPR increased from 57% (CI95: 54–60%) at baseline to 70% (CI95: 67–73%) post-vaccination in Sikasso region, while in Mopti region, seroprevalence increased from 51% (CI95: 47–55%) at baseline to 57% (CI85: 53–61%) post-vaccination. Stakeholder engagement in the vaccination process through facilitated IPs was successful in fostering participation of farmers to vaccination. However, a sustainable vaccination strategy for Mali would benefit from consolidating the IP model, supported by Government investment to strengthen and adjust the underlying public-private-partnership.
French title Traore, Modibo; Galibois, Isabelle; Lemieux, Simone
Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism,
01/2013, Letnik:
38, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The objective of this study was to examine the influence of Ramadan fast on appetite sensations, nutritional intakes and body weight in Malians with type 2 diabetes. Appetite sensations were assessed ...before Ramadan and then at the second, ninth, and sixteenth days of Ramadan (period). A total of 24 subjects recorded their appetite sensations every 2 h between 0800 and 2200 h using visual analogue scales. Daily energy intakes were estimated by a 48-h food recall (before and during Ramadan). Results showed a significant sex effect for desire to eat (p < 0.04) and a significant period effect for desire to eat and fullness (p < 0.01). Significant sex by period interactions were observed for fullness (p < 0.001), desire to eat (p < 0.01), and prospective food consumption (p < 0.03). Moreover, significant sex by period by time interactions were found for all appetite sensations (p < 0.007). Interaction effects were mainly explained by sex differences in appetite sensations before rather than during Ramadan. Although a significant body weight loss was observed in men and a significant decrease in waist circumference was found in women (p < 0.05), no significant changes in reported average daily energy intakes were observed in either men or women. According to these preliminary results, Ramadan fasting has an impact on appetite sensations that is probably not the same in men and women.Original Abstract: Cette etude a examine l'influence du jeune du Ramadan sur les sensations d'appetit, les apports alimentaires et le poids corporel de Maliens diabetiques de type 2. Une fois avant le Ramadan puis aux 2 super(e), 9 super(e) et 16 super(e) jours du Ramadan (periode), 24 sujets ont evalue leurs sensations d'appetit aux deux heures entre 0800 h et 2200 h a l'aide d'echelles visuelles analogiques. Les apports energetiques ont ete estimes par rappels alimentaires de 48 h avant et pendant le Ramadan. Les resultats montrent un effet du sexe pour l'envie de manger (p < 0,04) et un effet de la periode pour l'envie de manger et la sensation de rassasiement (p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, des effets d'interaction sexe par periode ont ete observes pour la sensation de rassasiement (p < 0001), l'envie de manger (p < 0,01) et la propension a la consommation de nourriture (p < 0,03). En outre, les resultats presentent des interactions sexe par periode par heure pour toutes les sensations d'appetit (p < 0007). Toutes les interactions impliquant le sexe s'expliqueraient principalement par des differences entre hommes et femmes dans les sensations d'appetit avant plutot que pendant le Ramadan. Bien que le poids ait diminue chez les hommes durant le Ramadan et que le tour de taille ait diminue chez les femmes (p < 0,05), les apports journaliers moyens en energie n'ont pas varie de facon significative entre les periodes de mesure, ni chez les hommes ni chez les femmes. D'apres ces resultats preliminaires, le Ramadan a un impact sur les sensations d'appetit qui n'est possiblement pas le meme chez les hommes et les femmes.
In sub-Saharan Africa, in particular in rural areas, patients have limited access to doctors with specialist skills in skin diseases. To address this issue, a teledermatology pilot programme focused ...on primary health centres was set up in Mali. This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of this programme and its impact on the management of skin diseases. The programme was based on the store-and-forward model. Health care providers from 10 primary centres were trained to manage common skin diseases, to capture images of skin lesions, and to use an e-platform to post all cases beyond their expertise for dermatologists in order to obtain diagnosis and treatment recommendations. After training, the cases of 180 patients were posted by trained health workers on the platform. Ninety-six per cent of these patients were properly managed via the responses given by dermatologists. The mean time to receive the expert's response was 32 h (range: 13 min to 20 days). Analysis of all diseases diagnosed via the platform revealed a wide range of skin disorders. Our initiative hugely improved the management of all skin diseases in the targeted health centres. In developing countries, Internet accessibility and connection quality represent the main challenges when conducting teledermatology programmes.
Based on the analysis of computation methods and heat transfer processes of the parabolic trough receiver running in steady state, a two-dimensional empirical model was developed to investigate the ...thermal performance of heat loss of parabolic trough receivers under steady state equilibrium. A numerical simulation was conducted for the parabolic trough receiver involved in a literature. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results show that the empirical model is accurate enough and can be used to investigate the thermal performance of heat loss of parabolic trough receivers. The thermal performance of heat loss of UVAC3 and the new-generation UVAC2008 was investigated respectively. The simulation results show that selective coatings and annular pressure influence the thermal performance of heat loss of parabolic trough receivers greatly, wind velocity influences the thermal performance of thermal loss of parabolic trough receivers only a little in contrast with the emittance of selective coatings and air pressure in annular space. And the thermal performance of thermal loss of the new-generation parabolic trough receiver has been improved in a large amount.
Cette étude a examiné l'influence du jeûne du Ramadan sur les sensations d'appétit, les apports alimentaires et le poids corporel de Maliens diabétiques de type 2. Une fois avant le Ramadan puis aux ...2
e
, 9
e
et 16
e
jours du Ramadan (période), 24 sujets ont évalué leurs sensations d'appétit aux deux heures entre 0800 h et 2200 h à l'aide d'échelles visuelles analogiques. Les apports énergétiques ont été estimés par rappels alimentaires de 48 h avant et pendant le Ramadan. Les résultats montrent un effet du sexe pour l'envie de manger (p < 0,04) et un effet de la période pour l'envie de manger et la sensation de rassasiement (p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, des effets d'interaction sexe par période ont été observés pour la sensation de rassasiement (p < 0001), l'envie de manger (p < 0,01) et la propension à la consommation de nourriture (p < 0,03). En outre, les résultats présentent des interactions sexe par période par heure pour toutes les sensations d'appétit (p < 0007). Toutes les interactions impliquant le sexe s'expliqueraient principalement par des différences entre hommes et femmes dans les sensations d'appétit avant plutôt que pendant le Ramadan. Bien que le poids ait diminué chez les hommes durant le Ramadan et que le tour de taille ait diminué chez les femmes (p < 0,05), les apports journaliers moyens en énergie n'ont pas varié de façon significative entre les périodes de mesure, ni chez les hommes ni chez les femmes. D'après ces résultats préliminaires, le Ramadan a un impact sur les sensations d'appétit qui n'est possiblement pas le même chez les hommes et les femmes.
Malgré qu'ils en soient exemptés, de nombreux Africains musulmans souffrant de diabète observent le jeûne pendant le mois de ramadan. Cette étude portait sur les impacts nutritionnels, ...anthropométriques et métaboliques du jeûne du mois de ramadan chez un groupe de 27 Maliens diabétiques de type 2 recrutés au Centre national de lutte contre le diabète à Bamako, au printemps 2010. Les données ont été recueillies avant, pendant et après le ramadan. Au plan nutritionnel, les apports énergétiques des femmes étaient plus faibles que ceux des hommes mais pour un même sexe, aucune différence n'a été notée d'une période à l'autre. Pendant le ramadan, le nombre quotidien de prises alimentaires était plus faible et les apports en glucides étaient plus également répartis entre les repas comparativement à ce qui a été observé en dehors du ramadan et ce pour l'ensemble des sujets. Les hommes ont eu une faible perte de poids pendant le ramadan qui s'est maintenue après la fin du ramadan. La mesure des sensations d'appétit avant le ramadan et sur trois semaines consécutives pendant le ramadan a indiqué des différences entre les sexes quant à l'envie de manger. Ainsi, on notait avant le ramadan 2 pics chez les femmes, à 12h00 et à 18h00, alors que chez les hommes un seul pic était observé à 20h00. Pendant le ramadan, la faim et l'envie de manger augmentaient chez les deux sexes jusqu'à 18h00 et diminuaient par la suite. Globalement, les sensations d'appétit étaient plus fortement ressenties pendant qu'avant le ramadan. Au plan métabolique, une détérioration du contrôle glycémique a été observée pour l'ensemble des sujets mais de façon plus marquée chez ceux qui avaient arrêté leur médication antidiabétique ou qui en avaient réduit les doses pendant le ramadan. Par contre, les lipides sanguins se sont nettement améliorés lors du ramadan et même après, avec des diminutions du cholestérol des LDL et du ratio cholestérol total/cholestérol des HDL. Quant à la tension artérielle, elle était augmentée pendant le ramadan mais revenait ensuite aux valeurs initiales. Cette étude, la première à être conduite au Mali sur ce sujet, montre des effets importants du jeûne de ramadan et souligne l'importance de l'attention à porter à la prise en charge du diabète pendant cette période particulière.
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