Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoma derived from marginal-zone B cells. Because of a lack of specific immunohistochemical markers, MZL is mainly diagnosed based on the ...cytological appearance and growth pattern of the tumor. Marginal-zone B cells were recently shown to selectively express immunoglobulin superfamily receptor translocation-associated 1 (IRTA1), but the antibody used in that study is not commercially available. We therefore investigated the IRTA1 expression in non-neoplastic lymphoid tissues and 261 malignant lymphomas, examining the ability of a commercially available antibody to accurately diagnose MZL. Among 29 MZLs, 23 of 25 extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas), 3 of 6 splenic MZLs and 3 of 6 nodal MZLs were positive for IRTA1. Among the 98 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), 33 were positive for IRTA1, including 1 of 38 follicular lymphomas (FLs), and all precursor B-lymphoblastic (2 of 2) and T-lymphoblastic (7 of 7) leukemia/lymphomas. Other mature B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, and Hodgkin lymphoma were negative for IRTA1. In MALT lymphoma, positive cells were detected mainly in intraepithelial and subepithelial marginal-zone B cells. In one case of grade 3 FL, IRTA1 was also expressed in the area of large-cell transformation. When tumors were classified as germinal-center B cell–like (GCB) or non-GCB using the algorithm of Hans, positive expression of IRTA1 was correlated significantly with non-GCB DLBCLs (P < .05). These results demonstrated the ability of the commercially available IRTA1 antibody to distinguish MALT lymphoma from other low-grade B-cell lymphomas.
To examine the effect of NEAPP on cancer‐initiating cells (CICs) that are believed to cause recurrence or metastasis due to their resistance to anti‐cancer drugs, the treatment of nonequilibrium ...atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) combined with anti‐cancer drug cisplatin and NEAPP irradiation of tumor xenograft mice are performed in human uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma cells. NEAPP treatment affects both ALDH‐low (non‐CICs) and ALDH‐high cells (CICs) more efficiently than cisplatin. In tumor xenograft mice, ALDH expression reduces in tumor with NEAPP irradiation. These results suggest that NEAPP treatment is effective not only on non‐CICs but also on CICs.
To cure cancers, it is necessary to control cancer‐initiating cells (CICs) that are believed to cause recurrence or metastasis. The treatment of nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NEAPP) and NEAPP irradiation of tumor xenograft mice are performed in human uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma cells. NEAPP treatment is effective not only on non‐CICs but also on CICs.
The internationalization of higher education is considered to be a major policy agenda in the global knowledge society. For Japan, internationalization has been a key driver in academic and social ...advancement, while its traditional culture and national identity have also been retained. Recently, a series of policies have been presented by the government, university, and industry to attract more students and top calibre researchers from Asia and further afield, and to enhance exchange and collaboration, internationalization at home, and global human resource development. Concurrently, the controversial nature of internationalization has been pointed out, as well as the stagnant mobility of Japanese students and their inward-looking attitude. This paper discusses the internationalization of Japanese higher education by examining the relevant policy, practice, and perceptions of the people and institutions concerned. The major findings reveal the complexity of internationalization as a dynamic process of change, its vulnerability and marginality, and the extent of the gap between policy and practice. The author also addresses the increased relevance of the research in this field to policy-making and practice in education and its contribution to the production of new knowledge.
Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) are specialized cells that have the ability to self-renew and are multipotent. We recently demonstrated that Forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a)-expressing cells exhibited a ...CIC-like potential in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). A proportion of HL patients are infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP) 1 downregulates FoxO3a, suggesting that FoxO3a expression may be abolished in EBV-positive HL. Inhibitors of DNA-binding (ID) proteins are highly conserved transcription factors mediating stem cell functions. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated possible associations among ID1, FoxO3a and LMP1 expression in HL to date. We immunohistochemically evaluated the expression of the three abovementioned factors in HL patients. The ID1 expression level was inversely correlated with that of FoxO3a (P=0.00035). LMP1-positive HL cells abundantly expressed ID1 (P=0.029), but not FoxO3a (P=0.00085). Thus, our previous observation that FoxO3a may serve as a marker of CICs may not be applicable in EBV-positive HL patients, but rather ID1 may be a candidate CIC marker in this type of HL.
The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the characteristics of politeness which are conveyed by the use of Japanese honorific forms (i.e honorific politeness). The perspective of the research is ...as follows: 1) the concept of politeness is regarded as being wider in scope than in major past studies of linguistic politeness in the West (e.g Leech 1983); 2) unlike many past studies of politeness related to Japanese honorific fonns, the research attempts to study the social effect of the use of an honorific form rather than the grammatical or semantic properties of such forms; 3) the analysis of honorific politeness is based on the findings about the mechanism by which honorific politeness mitigates discomfitlrre, and on the metalinguistic evaluations of honorific forms made by native speakers. Results from a questionnaire, which investigated the types of discomfiture which result from various kinds of inappropriate linguistic behaviom, suggested that the lise of an honorific form can mitigate two main types of discomfitme, which differ in degree of seriousness, depending on the social features of the situation in which the use occms. It is pointed out that the mitigation of either type of discomfiture should be regarded as flowing from a common type of linguistic choice, that is, compliance with a social nom1 goveming the appropriate use oflanguage in different kinds of communication situations, i.e. register rules. Furthermore, based on observations of the use of linguistic forms other than honorific ones, it is argued that honorific forms are one of many linguistic devices for realizing register differences, i.e. register markers. Results from the other questionnaire, which probed native speaker's evaluation of different types of language use for the communication of politeness, indicate that native speakers tend to place special aesthetic value on honorific forms and their use, independently of the seriousness of the discomfiture they can mitigate. Based on an analysis of the background to this tendency, it is argued that the value can be appropriately regarded as sharing many properties with the value which language users place on a certain part of register markers in a diglossic conmmunity. It is thus concluded that honorific politeness is a form of diglossia.
The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the characteristics of politeness which are conveyed by the use of Japanese honorific forms (i.e honorific politeness). The perspective of the research is ...as follows: 1) the concept of politeness is regarded as being wider in scope than in major past studies of linguistic politeness in the West (e.g Leech 1983); 2) unlike many past studies of politeness related to Japanese honorific fonns, the research attempts to study the social effect of the use of an honorific form rather than the grammatical or semantic properties of such forms; 3) the analysis of honorific politeness is based on the findings about the mechanism by which honorific politeness mitigates discomfitlrre, and on the metalinguistic evaluations of honorific forms made by native speakers. Results from a questionnaire, which investigated the types of discomfiture which result from various kinds of inappropriate linguistic behaviom, suggested that the lise of an honorific form can mitigate two main types of discomfitme, which differ in degree of seriousness, depending on the social features of the situation in which the use occms. It is pointed out that the mitigation of either type of discomfiture should be regarded as flowing from a common type of linguistic choice, that is, compliance with a social nom1 goveming the appropriate use oflanguage in different kinds of communication situations, i.e. register rules. Furthermore, based on observations of the use of linguistic forms other than honorific ones, it is argued that honorific forms are one of many linguistic devices for realizing register differences, i.e. register markers. Results from the other questionnaire, which probed native speaker's evaluation of different types of language use for the communication of politeness, indicate that native speakers tend to place special aesthetic value on honorific forms and their use, independently of the seriousness of the discomfiture they can mitigate. Based on an analysis of the background to this tendency, it is argued that the value can be appropriately regarded as sharing many properties with the value which language users place on a certain part of register markers in a diglossic conmmunity. It is thus concluded that honorific politeness is a form of diglossia.
This study examined the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ONRIC b 0240 (L.p.b 0240) on the amounts of salivary and fecal IgA in adult volunteers. A double-blind comparative study was conducted on ...healthy adult volunteers. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into three groups, control group, L.p.b 0240 (2x109 CFU) group and L.p.b 0240 (2x109 CFU) group, and their diets were supplemented for 3 weeks. Twenty-six subjects completed the study. The results show the salivary IgA secretion rate was significantly higher for the L.p.b 0240 group than that of the control group. Furthermore, the amount of fecal IgA was higher in the L.p.b 0240 group than that of the control group, but not significantly. In addition, no adverse reaction was observed after oral administration of L.p.b 0240 during the study. These results suggest that L.p.b 0240 may con- tribute to the host defense through the enhancement of the mucosal immune function.
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