Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of double application of universal adhesives on bond strength to dentine after ionizing radiation.
Methods
One hundred and forty caries‐free human ...third molars were used. Half of the teeth were irradiated (IR) (70.2 Gy). The IR and non‐IR teeth were assigned into seven groups (n = 10). Universal adhesives Single Bond Universal (3M Oral Care), Gluma Bond Universal (Heraeus Kulzer) and Prime&Bond Elect (Dentsply) were employed (following manufacturer’s instructions and double application). Two‐step self‐etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake) was used as control. After composite build‐ups were bonded to mid‐coronal occlusal dentine surfaces, the specimens were stored in water (37°C/24 h) and sectioned into microspecimens. The specimens were subjected to μTBS testing (1.0 mm/min). Failure analysis was performed using stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analysed with two‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P = 0.05).
Results
The radiotherapy caused reduction in the bond strength of universal adhesives when the adhesives were used with single application after radiotherapy (P < 0.05). The double application resulted in increased bond strength of the universal adhesives to IR dentine (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The double application was beneficial in improving the dentine bond strength of universal adhesives affected by radiotherapy after ionizing radiation.
Resistance to cancer therapy remains a significant obstacle in treating patients with various solid malignancies. Exposure to current chemotherapeutics and targeted agents invariably leads to therapy ...resistance, heralding the need for novel agents. Cancer stem cells (CSCs)—a subpopulation of tumor cells with capacities for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation—represent a pool of therapeutically resistant cells. CSCs often share physical and molecular characteristics with the stem cell population of the human body. It remains challenging to selectively target CSCs in therapeutically resistant tumors. The generation of CSCs and induction of therapeutic resistance can be attributed to several deregulated critical growth regulatory signaling pathways such as WNT/β-catenin, Notch, Hippo, and Hedgehog. Beyond growth regulatory pathways, CSCs also change the tumor microenvironment and resist endogenous immune attack. Thus, CSCs can interfere with each stage of carcinogenesis from malignant transformation to the onset of metastasis to tumor recurrence. A thorough review of novel targeted agents to act against CSCs is fundamental for advancing cancer treatment in the setting of both intrinsic and acquired resistance.
To evaluate the effects of surface coating and 1-year water aging on flexural strength, compressive strength (CS) and surface roughness of fluoride-releasing restorative materials.
The specimens were ...prepared from seven materials: GCP Glass Fill (GCP), Amalgomer CR (AHL), Zirconomer (Shofu), Fuji IX GP Capsule (GC), Beautifil II (Shofu), Estelite Σ Quick (Tokuyama), and reliaFIL LC (AHL). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups for each test: surface coated with G-Coat Plus (GC) and uncoated. Each group was subdivided into two groups stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and 1 year before testing (n = 10). The flexural and CS were evaluated according to ISO standards on a universal testing machine. The surface roughness was assessed with AFM. After flexural strength test, a cross-section of the coated specimens was evaluated with SEM. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Duncan and independent t-tests (P = 0.05).
After 24 h, a significant increase was observed on the flexural and CS of Amalgomer CR, Zirconomer, and Fuji IX GP by coating (P < 0.05). After 1 year, the coating increased the flexural strength of Amalgomer CR and Zirconomer, and CS of GCP Glass Fill (P < 0.05). The coating decreased the surface roughness of GCP Glass Fill, Amalgomer CR, and Zirconomer after 1 year (P < 0.05). The water aging decreased the mechanical properties of glass ionomer-based materials and increased their surface roughness (P < 0.05).
The mechanical properties and surface roughness of glass ionomer-based materials were affected by coating and water aging.
Abstract
Cancer cell metabolism leads to a uniquely acidic microenvironment in solid tumors, but exploiting the labile extracellular pH differences between cancer and normal tissues for clinical use ...has been challenging. Here we describe the clinical translation of ONM-100, a nanoparticle-based fluorescent imaging agent. This is comprised of an ultra-pH sensitive amphiphilic polymer, conjugated with indocyanine green, which rapidly and irreversibly dissociates to fluoresce in the acidic extracellular tumor microenvironment due to the mechanism of nanoscale macromolecular cooperativity. Primary outcomes were safety, pharmacokinetics and imaging feasilibity of ONM-100. Secondary outcomes were to determine a range of safe doses of ONM-100 for intra-operative imaging using commonly used fluorescence camera systems. In this study (Netherlands National Trial Register #7085), we report that ONM-100 was well tolerated, and four solid tumor types could be visualized both in- and ex vivo in thirty subjects. ONM-100 enables detection of tumor-positive resection margins in 9/9 subjects and four additional otherwise missed occult lesions. Consequently, this pH-activatable optical imaging agent may be clinically beneficial in differentiating previously unexploitable narrow physiologic differences.
Currently, the healthcare management systems are shattered throughout the world, even in the developed nations due to the COVID-19 viral outbreak. A substantial number of patients infected with ...SARS-CoV2 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and need advanced healthcare facilities, including invasive mechanical ventilation. Intracellular infiltration of the SARS-CoV2 virus particles into the epithelial cells in lungs are facilitated by the spike glycoprotein (S Protein) on the outer side of the virus envelope, a membrane protein ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) and two proteases (TMPRSS2 and Furin) in the host cell. This virus has unprecedented effects on the immune system and induces a sudden upregulation of the levels of different pro-inflammatory cytokines. This can be a cause for the onset of pulmonary fibrosis in the lungs. Existence of a high concentration of inflammatory cytokines and viral load can also lead to numerous pathophysiological conditions. Although it is well established that cancer patients are among the high-risk population due to COVID-19-associated mortality, it is still unknown whether survivors of COVID-19-infected subjects are at high-risk population for developing cancer and whether any biologic and clinical features exist in post-COVID-19 individuals that might be related to carcinogenesis.
Background
Indications for nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is extending to post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) setting. Eligibility for NSM with an optimum tumor-nipple distance (TND) after NAC is ...unclear. We examined predictive factors for nipple tumor involvement in patients undergoing total mastectomy following NAC.
Methods
Clinical and pathological data from prospectively collected medical records of women with invasive breast carcinoma, who were undergone NAC and total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and/or axillary lymph node dissection were analyzed. PreNAC and postNAC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) views were examined and a cut-off TND value for predicting the negative nipple tumor status was determined.
Results
Among 180 women, the final mastectomy specimen analysis revealed that 12 (7%) had nipple involvement as invasive carcinoma. Patients with nipple involvement had more postNAC multifocal/multicentric tumors (
p
: 0.03), larger tumors on preNAC and postNAC images (
p
: 0.002 and
p
< 0.001), shorter median TNDs on preNAC and postNAC images (7 mm-IQR 1.5–14,
p
: 0.005 and 8.5 mm-IQR 3–15.5,
p
< 0.001, respectively), more nipple retraction on preNAC and postNAC images (
p
: 0.007 and
p
: 0.006) and more nipple areola complex skin thickening (> 2mm) on preNAC and postNAC images (
p
< 0.001 and
p
: 0.01). The best likelihood ratios (LR) belonged to the postNAC positivity of the < 20 mm TND, with a + LR of 3.40, and − LR of 0.11 for nipple involvement. PreNAC positivity of the < 20 mm TND also had a similar − LR of 0.14.
Conclusion
A TND-cut-off ≥ 2 cm on preNAC and postNAC MRI was shown to be highly predictive of negative nipple tumor involvement.
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a recessively inherited autoinflammatory disease characterized by systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Infliximab proved to be favorable in the ...treatment of this condition. This case report is concerned with a DADA2 deficient patient treated with infliximab. This is a rare case of DADA2 in a 32-year-old female patient. The patient was admitted with a clinical presentation of erythema, ulcers, and pruritus on both legs and ankles, accompanied by red ulcerative oral lesions, fatigue, malaise, and dizziness. The patient's genetic analysis was positive for DADA2. Treatment based on TNF-α inhibition was highly effective for this patient. We used laboratory testing and punch biopsy as differential diagnostic tools, where antinuclear antibody positivity, high prolactin levels, and high serum C-reactive protein were observed. The punch biopsy revealed both orthohyperkeratosis and parahyperkeratosis of the dermis, diffuse core fragments, plasma in the stratum corneum, and hypergranulous acanthosis. DADA2 treatment is centered on tumor necrosis factor α suppression. Although high-dose systemic glucocorticoids can reduce inflammation in the initial stages of the disease, most patients have a resistant or relapsing response to tapering attempts. The prevalence of undiagnosed cases of autoinflammatory diseases is anticipated to diminish with the growing awareness of them.
This study aims to investigate the treatment of paper mill effluents using electrocoagulation. Removal of lignin, phenol, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from paper ...mill effluents was investigated at various current intensities by using different electrodes (Al and Fe) and at various electrolysis times (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5
min). It was observed that the experiments carried out at 12
V, an electrolysis time of 2
min and a current intensity of 77.13
mA were sufficient for the removal of these pollutants with each electrode. The removal capacities of the process using an Al electrode were 80% of lignin, 98% of phenol, 70% of BOD, and 75% of COD after 7.5
min. Using an Fe electrode the removal capacities were 92%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. In addition, it was found that removal of lignin, phenol, BOD and COD increased with increasing current intensity. In the experiments carried out at different current intensities, higher removal can be explained through a decrease in intra-resistance of solution and consequently an increase at the transfer speed of organic species to electrodes. It was also found that Al electrode performs higher efficiency than Fe electrode except for COD removal. However, the time required for removal of BOD was more than that of COD. The results suggest that electrocoagulation could be considered as an effective alternative to paper mill effluents treatment.
This study focuses on structural and photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) of TiO2 supported sepiolite catalysts, prepared by a sol–gel method in aqueous solution. To get the ...TiO2/Sep nanoparticle, the nanocrystalline TiO2 anatase phase on sepiolite was obtained using a sufficient thermal treatment by gradually increasing the temperature from 300, 400 and 500°C with 1h intervals for a total of 3h. Then, the structural features of TiO2/Sep materials were investigated by using different spectral and technical structural analyses with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), XRF and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalytic degradation of TiO2/Sep materials has been investigated in OMW by using ultraviolet (UV), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and TiO2/Sep nanoparticles together. The influence of pH, catalyst amount and temperature was investigated in all the experiments and the degradation ratios were found to be strongly influenced by all investigated parameters. The photocatalytic degradation of lignin and phenol was favorable at pH 9–11.0. Optimum values of catalyst dose and temperature were found to be 0.25 and 0.50gL−1 and 318K, respectively. In addition, the pseudo-first order model was applied and r2 values were noted from 0.90 to 0.99.
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