En la provincia de Santa Elena, se priorizó la utilización de productos naturales en el manejo sanitario de ectoparásitos en el ganado bovino para eliminar el uso de ixodicidas, teniendo como ...objetivo evaluar las diferentes concentraciones de biocida natural a base de Ambrosia peruviana y Azadirachta indica para el control de garrapatas en bovinos. Para ello, se obtuvo el extracto de hojas y tallos blandos de las especies antes mencionadas con concentraciones de solución de 5, 10, 15, 20 y 25% distribuidos en 10 tratamientos. Como resultado el tratamiento con el 25% (Ambrosia peruviana) se obtuvo el 88.33% de mortalidad de las garrapatas y se destacó los tratamientos (Ambrosia peruviana) y (Azadirachta indica) ambas con el 25% de concentración donde el tiempo de reacción empezó a las 18 horas de iniciado el ensayo. Se puede concluir que el extracto de Ambrosia peruviana tuvo respuestas favorables en el control de garrapatas en bovinos sin afectar el bienestar del animal
Introducere. Bezoarul este un conglomerat alcătuit din material parţial digerabil sau nedigerabil impactat la nivelul stomacului. Tricobezoarul (aglomerările de păr) apare cel mai frecvent la ...pacienţii cu tulburări psihice (tricotilomanie) şi reprezintă o patologie rară care poate determina dificultăţi diagnostice si terapeutice. Material şi metodă. Prezentăm un caz de tricobezoar gastric la o pacientă in varsta de 12 ani, fără antecedente personale patologice, internată pentru epigastralgii şi vărsături alimentare. Examenul clinic relevă la palparea abdomenului o formaţiune epigastrică de aprox. 5/3cm, dură, imobilă, aderentă de planul profund la care examenele de laborator relevă doar o uşoară anemie hipocromă microcitară. Endoscopia digestivă superioară vizualizează tricobezoar gigant de aprox 17 cm, vizibil din zona subcardială până în regiunea antrală, fixat cu un fir de păr de o zonă cu aspect inflamator pseudopolipoid, situata prepiloric. Pacienta a fost dirijată către serviciul de chirurgie pediatrică, întrucât dimensiunea tricobezoarului nu a permis extragerea pe cale endoscopică. S-a tentat initial extragere prin abord laparoscopic, care nu a reuşit si a impus laparotomie minimă subcostală stângă, gastrotomie cu evacuarea tricobezoarului gastric. Postoperator evoluţie favorabilă. Discuţii. Cu toate că prevalenţa la om este scăzută, mortalitatea poate atinge în anumite cazuri 30%, datorită sângerărilor, obstrucţiei, peritonitei sau eventualei perforaţii gastrointestinale ce pot apărea. Diverse metode endoscopice au fost raportate pentru extragerea bezoarului, precum litotripsie cu unde şoc, îndepărtare prin aspirare folosind endoscop cu canal larg de lucru, extracţie cu ansă de polipectomie şi forceps de biopsie. Concluzie. Raritatea acestei patologii în populaţia pediatrică impune un diagnostic diferenţial atent. Dificultăţile terapeutice se datorează dimensiunilor tricobezoarului, iar prognosticul depinde de patologia psihiatrică subiacentă.
Molecular doping is a powerful method to fine‐tune the thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors, in particular to impart the requisite electrical conductivity. The incorporation of ...molecular dopants can, however, perturb the microstructure of semicrystalline organic semiconductors, which complicates the development of a detailed understanding of structure–property relationships. To better understand how the doping pathway and the resulting dopant counterion influence the thermoelectric performance and transport properties, a new dimer dopant, (N‐DMBI)2, is developed. Subsequently, FBDPPV is then n‐doped with dimer dopants (N‐DMBI)2, (RuCp*mes)2, and the hydride‐donor dopant N‐DMBI‐H. By comparing the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra and morphological characteristics of the doped polymers, it is found that not only the doping mechanism, but also the shape of the counterion strongly influence the thermoelectric properties and transport characteristics. (N‐DMBI)2, which is a direct electron‐donating dopant with a comparatively small, relatively planar counterion, gives the best power factor among the three systems studied here. Additionally, temperature‐dependent conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements differ between the three dopants with (N‐DMBI)2 yielding the best thermoelectric properties. The results of this study of dopant effects on thermoelectric properties provide insight into guidelines for future organic thermoelectrics.
A novel dimeric n‐dopant (N‐DMBI)2, is designed and synthesized to understand the effects of molecular dopants on thermoelectric properties. This study shows how the counterion shape, and the doping mechanism affect the thermoelectric performance and the transport pathway of n‐type conducting polymers, and reveals what type of n‐dopant is preferable.
El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento productivo de conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en crecimiento alimentados con diferentes niveles de forraje verde hidropónico de maíz ...(FVHM) y rastrojo de maíz. Se emplearon 32 gazapos con un peso inicial de 280 a 285 g con una edad de 21 días, se aplicaron 4 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones, en cada tratamiento se suministró diferentes cantidades de alimento T0 (100% de rastrojo de maíz), T1 (15% de FVHM +85% de rastrojo de maíz), T2 (30% de FVHM + 70% de rastrojo de maíz), T3 (45% de FVHM + 55% de rastrojo de maíz), durante 45 días, para la distribución de las unidades experimentales se aplicó un Diseño Completamente Aleatorizado (DCA), los resultados experimentales se sometieron a comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (P<0.05). El tratamiento que presentó resultados más eficientes fue el T2, presentando mayor palatabilidad, en lo que respecta al peso final alcanzó 650.75 g y una ganancia de peso de 367.75 g, una conversión alimenticia 3.85, peso de la canal 23.27 g y rendimiento de la canal 68%, las variables evaluadas presentaron diferencias altamente significativas (P<0.01) entre los tratamientos, lo que indica ser el T2 un nivel de aplicación en la alimentación de los conejos adecuado bajo las condiciones del Litoral ecuatoriano.
Solution‐processable highly conductive polymers are of great interest in emerging electronic applications. For p‐doped polymers, conductivities as high a nearly 105 S cm−1 have been reported. In the ...case of n‐doped polymers, they often fall well short of the high values noted above, which might be achievable, if much higher charge‐carrier mobilities determined could be realized in combination with high charge‐carrier densities. This is in part due to inefficient doping and dopant ions disturbing the ordering of polymers, limiting efficient charge transport and ultimately the achievable conductivities. Here, n‐doped polymers that achieve a high conductivity of more than 90 S cm−1 by a simple solution‐based co‐deposition method are reported. Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to, and excellent miscibility with, commonly used n‐dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n‐doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric performance.
Two conjugated polymers with rigid planar backbones, but with disordered crystalline structures, exhibit surprising structural tolerance to commonly used n‐dopants. These properties allow both high concentrations and high mobility of the charge carriers to be realized simultaneously in n‐doped polymers, resulting in excellent electrical conductivity of over 90 S cm−1 and thermoelectric performance up to 106 µW m−1 K−2.
El tráfico marítimo de mercancías está experimentando un crecimiento acelerado principalmente debido a la globalización de la economía y la liberalización del comercio internacional. El principal ...propósito de este proyecto es: en primer lugar, analizar los efectos de introducir sistemas TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación) de seguimiento en la operación de la terminal; y en segundo lugar, proponer un método para normalizar el funcionamiento de los procesos que tienen lugar en una terminal de contenedores, permitiendo una buena organización operativa de futuras implementaciones de terminales automatizadas.
Se describe el comportamiento del cultivo de frijol Caupi Vigna unguiculata, en parcelas demostrativas de variedades en el bajo Cauca Antioqueno. Se senala la taxonomia, morfologia y ecofisiologia de ...la planta, las principales practicas de manejo del cultivo y de control de plagas y enfermedades. Se exponen las labores de cosecha, beneficio, limpieza y almacenamiento del grano. Se indican las variedades recomendadas para la region, su origen, caracteristicas agronomicas y su respuesta a plagas y enfermedades, el rendimiento de los cultivos y los costos de produccio.
The validity of the classification of non‐affective and affective psychoses as distinct entities has been disputed, but, despite calls for alternative approaches to defining psychosis syndromes, ...there is a dearth of empirical efforts to identify transdiagnostic phenotypes of psychosis. We aimed to investigate the validity and utility of general and specific symptom dimensions of psychosis cutting across schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar I disorder with psychosis. Multidimensional item‐response modeling was conducted on symptom ratings of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale in the multicentre Bipolar‐Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B‐SNIP) consortium, which included 933 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia (N=397), schizoaffective disorder (N=224), or bipolar I disorder with psychosis (N=312). A bifactor model with one general symptom dimension, two distinct dimensions of non‐affective and affective psychosis, and five specific symptom dimensions of positive, negative, disorganized, manic and depressive symptoms provided the best model fit. There was further evidence on the utility of symptom dimensions for predicting B‐SNIP psychosis biotypes with greater accuracy than categorical DSM diagnoses. General, positive, negative and disorganized symptom dimension scores were higher in African American vs. Caucasian patients. Symptom dimensions accurately classified patients into categorical DSM diagnoses. This study provides evidence on the validity and utility of transdiagnostic symptom dimensions of psychosis that transcend traditional diagnostic boundaries of psychotic disorders. Findings further show promising avenues for research at the interface of dimensional psychopathological phenotypes and basic neurobiological dimensions of psychopathology.
The molecular mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effects of particulate matter (PM) on skin barrier function are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of PM2.5 on filaggrin (FLG) and ...skin barrier function were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The levels of FLG degradation products, including pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, urocanic acid (UCA), and cis/trans-UCA, were significantly decreased in skin tape stripping samples of study subjects when they moved from Denver, an area with low PM2.5, to Seoul, an area with high PM2.5 count. Experimentally, PM2.5 collected in Seoul inhibited FLG, loricrin, keratin-1, desmocollin-1, and corneodesmosin but did not modulate involucrin or claudin-1 in keratinocyte cultures. Moreover, FLG protein expression was inhibited in human skin equivalents and murine skin treated with PM2.5. We demonstrate that this process was mediated by PM2.5-induced TNF-α and was aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent. PM2.5 exposure compromised skin barrier function, resulting in increased transepidermal water loss, and enhanced the penetration of FITC-dextran in organotypic and mouse skin. PM2.5-induced TNF-α caused FLG deficiency in the skin and subsequently induced skin barrier dysfunction. Compromised skin barrier due to PM2.5 exposure may contribute to the development and the exacerbation of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
Purpose To compare mortality risk between cataract surgical patients with corrected and persistent visual impairment. Design Cohort study. Methods A total of 1864 consecutive patients, aged ≥64 ...years, undergoing phacoemulsification surgery at Westmead Hospital were followed annually for 5 years postoperatively. Visual impairment status in the surgical eye was categorized as none (presenting visual acuity VA, ≥20/40), mild (VA <20/40-20/60), or moderate-severe (VA <20/60). All-cause mortality was obtained from the Australian National Death Index. Results Of 901 patients with moderate-severe visual impairment before surgery, 60.4% (n = 544), 15.5% (n = 140), and 24.1% (n = 217) had no, mild, or moderate-severe visual impairment in the surgical eye, respectively, 1 month postoperatively. Age-standardized 5-year mortality rates were nonsignificantly lower in patients with either mild (24.7%, 95% confidence interval CI 16.5%-32.9%) or no visual impairment (24.1%, 95% CI 19.9%-28.4%) post surgery compared to that in patients whose moderate-severe visual impairment persisted (30.6%, 95% CI 23.3%-37.9%). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and individual comorbid conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and kidney disease, patients with no visual impairment 1 month postoperatively had a lower mortality risk (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.52-1.01) compared to those with persistent moderate-severe visual impairment after surgery. This finding was significant (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99) after additional adjustment for number of medications taken (continuous variable) and number (≥3 vs <3) of comorbid conditions. Conclusion Correcting moderate-severe visual impairment in older patients with phacoemulsification surgery was associated with a lower mortality risk, compared to surgical patients whose visual impairment persisted postoperatively.
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