A comprehensive guide for business people, government administrators and specialists in management methodology, Methodological School of Management details the original and applied thinking, methods ...and approaches established by the school in the Soviet era and still operating successfully in modern Russia today. The Methodological School of Management is not an educational institution, but a range of management tools, which evolved as a part of the 'systems movement' during the second half of the twentieth century. The school was created by the pupils of Georgy Petrovich Shchedrovitsky (1929?1994) under whose leadership a body of knowledge ? the 'starting capital' of the Methodological School of Management ? took shape. The management tools developed by the school are used by its leaders in their current managerial practice. This practice extends to a number of fields: government administration, management of economic sectors, corporate governance and the management of individual corporations. Although the school is less well known to Western specialists in systems engineering methodology and management, this book aims to secure the school a place in the global systems engineering landscape. Its ideas have entered the tool kits of most major control systems and corporations in the world's leading economies, from NASA and Toyota to retail chains ? a clear testimony to the value of Georgy Shchedrovitsky's research, ideas and the body of knowledge he left behind. Shortlisted for the CMI Management Book of the Year award, Methodological School of Management offers solutions for resolving tricky managerial situations and achieving organisational targets ? essential reading for anyone learning how to manage people and issues alike.
The article deals with the classification of radar equipment based on two features: on the location of the receiving and transmitting points in space, as well as by the method of generating an ...informative signal at the receiving point. The most significant parameters in the development of a moving target detector near the underlying surface have been observed.
In this paper the authors presented a method of detecting small drone using a background radar under conditions of fluctuations of an effective background scattering surface described by the normal ...probability density of instantaneous values radar cross section. The paper considered the detection of a moving drone between the radar and the background. The drone moves towards the background. The detection threshold is determined by the Neumann-Pearson test. It is shown that the detector based on consistent filters provides detection of small drones under conditions of multiplicative interference at small fluctuations of the effective surface of background scattering.
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), which are important sensors of Ca2+ flux in plants, are known to play essential roles in plant development and adaptation to abiotic stresses. In the ...present work, we studied expression of CDPK genes under osmotic and temperature stress treatments in wild-growing grapevine Vitis amurensis Rupr., which is known to possess high adaptive potential and a high level of resistance against adverse environmental conditions. In this study, using RT-PCR with degenerate primers, DNA sequencing and frequency analysis of RT-PCR products, we identified 13 CDPK genes that are actively expressed in healthy V. amurensis cuttings under high salt, high mannitol, desiccation, and temperature stress conditions. 12 CDPKs, namely VaCPK1, VaCPK2, VaCPK3, VaCPK9, VaCPK13, VaCPK16, VaCPK20, VaCPK21, VaCPK25, VaCPK26, VaCPK29 and VaCPK30, were novel for Vitaceae, and their full cDNAs were obtained and described. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that mRNA levels of 10 VaCPK genes were differentially up-regulated under the osmotic and temperature stress treatments, while the abundance of 3 VaCPK transcript variants, VaCPK3a, VaCPK25, and VaCPK30, was not markedly changed. Expression profiling of the VaCPK genes in leaves, leaf petioles, stems, inflorescences, berries, and seeds of V. amurensis revealed that the genes exhibit different organ-specific expression patterns. The stimulatory effect of abiotic stress on the expression of the VaCPK1, 2, 3, 9, 13, 16, 20, 21, 26, and VaCPK29 genes is suggestive of their implication in the grapevine response to osmotic and temperature stresses, while the variability in their organ-specific expression patterns indicates that the enzymes perform distinct biological functions.
According to the results of previous studies, it was found that the temperature dependence of electrical resistance during heating of the Al + 17,6 % Si melt curve characterized by presence of ...several sharp inflections. This gave grounds for asserting possibility of temperature-induced changes in structure of specified system melts. However, it remains an open question whether the changes that occurred when melt was overheated are preserved during subsequent cooling. The problem of effect of temperature-induced changes in Al–Si melts structure on the structure and properties of the alloy in the solid state also requires a more detailed study. Resistometric studies of melt were carried out according to the method 1. The ability to preserve temperature-induced changes in melt was assessed by electrical resistance value during cooling of the overheated Al + 17,6 % Si melt at five characteristic temperature values. To avoid errors cozied by imbalance, only results obtained after stabilization of melt resistance at a given temperature were taken into account. Temperature-induced changes in melt structure were evaluated by structure of solid samples obtained by quenching from the liquid state. The nature of influence of changes that occur when the melt is overheated on solid alloy structure and properties was determined by specific electrical resistance values and material microstructures of samples obtained after melt isothermal holding at temperatures of 720 °C, 880 °C, 960 °C and 1050 °C. The presence of electric resistance significant hysteresis can indicate that the changes that occurred during melt overheating are preserved during its cooling. It was also established that the specified changes affect to properties (in particular, specific electrical resistance) and the microstructure of the solid alloy (first of all, the melt overheating affects to size of primary silicon particles). Keywords: aluminum, silicon, thermodynamic equilibrium, melts, electrical resistance.
The results of sensing in various terrain types at centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges of waves with horizontal polarization and small grazing angles are presented. Specific radar cross ...section and temporal and range correlation characteristics of the reflected signal are calculated.
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