Antimicrobial resistance: One Health approach Velazquez-Meza, Maria Elena; Galarde-López, Miguel; Carrillo-Quiróz, Berta ...
Veterinary World,
03/2022, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this research, a review of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is conducted as part of the One Health approach. A review of publications, which included "antimicrobial resistance" and "One Health," was ...conducted. Among the global health problems, AMR is the one that most clearly illustrates the One Health approach. AMR is a critical global problem affecting humans, the environment, and animals. This is related to each of these three components due to the irresponsible and excessive use of antimicrobials in various sectors (agriculture, livestock, and human medicine). Improper management of antimicrobials, inadequate control of infections, agricultural debris, pollutants in the environment, and migration of people and animals infected with resistant bacteria facilitate the spread of resistance. The study aimed to analyze the problem of AMR from a health perspective to analyze the different actors involved in One Health.
Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. To improve its anticancer activity, butyrate has been evaluated mixed ...with drugs and different molecules. Plant antimicrobial peptides are attractive anticancer alternative molecules because they show selective cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. In this work, we explore if the plant defensin γ-thionin (Capsicum chinense) can improve butyrate activity on Caco-2 cell line and we also determined the mechanism of death activated.
The combined treatment of γ-thionin (3.5 µM) and butyrate (50 mM) showed higher cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells with respect to single treatments. Also, the combined treatment reduced cell proliferation and exhibited a higher rate of apoptosis than single treatments. Combined treatment induced caspases 8 and 9 activation to an extent comparable with that of butyrate while γ-thionin did not activate caspases. Additionally, reactive oxygen species generation preceded the onset of apoptosis, and superoxide anion production was higher in cells treated with the combined treatment.
The γ-thionin from Habanero chili pepper improved the butyrate cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. This effect occurred through apoptosis induction associated with reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, the combination of butyrate with cytotoxic antimicrobial peptides could be an attractive strategy for cancer therapy.
How to cite: Velázquez-Hernández ME, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE, Defensin γ-thionin from Capsicum chinense improves butyrate cytotoxicity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.009
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and persistence of carbapenemase-producing
spp. isolated from wastewater and treated wastewater from two tertiary hospitals in Mexico. We ...conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in two hospital wastewater treatment plants, which were sampled in February 2020. We obtained 30
spp. isolates. Bacterial identification was carried out by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS
) and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were performed using the VITEK2
automated system. The presence of carbapenem resistance genes (CRGs) in
spp. isolates was confirmed by PCR. Molecular typing was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). High rates of
spp. resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems (80%) were observed in isolates from treated wastewater from both hospitals. The molecular screening by PCR showed the presence of
and
genes. The PFGE pattern separated the
isolates into 19 patterns (A-R) with three subtypes (C1, D1, and I1). Microbiological surveillance and identification of resistance genes of clinically important pathogens in hospital wastewater can be a general screening method for early determination of under-detected antimicrobial resistance profiles in hospitals and early warning of outbreaks and difficult-to-treat infections.
To describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains that were collected in the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Veracruz ...(HRV).
A total of 107 MRSA strains from individual patients were examined. The strains were collected between September 2009 and September 2010. The clinical and demographic characteristics of patients were analyzed; molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing and multilocus sequence typing were used to characterize the isolates.
Two PFGE patterns (NY/J and IB) were identified with 4 and 3 subtypes respectively. The isolates analyzed showed two SCCmec types (I and II) and two sequence types (ST): ST247 and ST5 related with the Iberian and New York/Japan clones respectively.
This study establishes the presence of two very important clonal lineages of MRSA: New York/Japan and Iberian clone in the hospital environment.
The objective of this study was to determine the presence and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant enterobacteria and their clonal distribution in hospital wastewater. A descriptive cross-sectional ...study was carried out in wastewater from two Mexico City tertiary level hospitals. In February and March of 2020, eight wastewater samples were collected and 26 isolates of enterobacteria were recovered, 19 (73.1%) isolates were identified as
, 5 (19.2%) as
spp. and 2 (7.7%) as
spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were performed using the VITEK 2
automated system and bacterial identification was performed by the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS
). ESBL genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and clonal distributions of isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
susceptibility to different classes of antimicrobials was analyzed and resistance was mainly detected as ESBLs and fluoroquinolones. One
strain was resistant to doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem. The analysis by PCR showed the presence of specific β-lactamases resistance genes (
,
). The PFGE separated the
isolates into 19 different patterns (A-R). PFGE results of
spp. showed the presence of a majority clone A. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance through hospital wastewater is an important tool for early detection of clonal clusters of clinically important bacteria with potential for dissemination.
The objective of the study was to detect multidrug-resistant
sp. and
sp. isolates in municipal and hospital wastewater and to determine their elimination or persistence after wastewater treatment. ...Between August 2021 and September 2022, raw and treated wastewater samples were collected at two hospital and two community wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In each season of the year, two treated and two raw wastewater samples were collected in duplicate at each of the WWTPs studied. Screening and presumptive identification of staphylococci and enterococci was performed using chromoagars, and identification was performed with the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS
). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using VITEK 2
automated system. There were 56 wastewater samples obtained during the study period. A total of 182
sp. and 248
sp. were identified. The highest frequency of
sp. isolation was in spring and summer (n = 129, 70.8%), and for
sp. it was in autumn and winter (n = 143, 57.7%). Sixteen isolates of
sp. and sixty-three of
sp. persisted during WWTP treatments. Thirteen species of staphylococci and seven species of enterococci were identified. Thirty-one isolates of
sp. and ninety-four of
sp. were multidrug-resistant. Resistance to vancomycin (1.1%), linezolid (2.7%), and daptomycin (8.2%/10.9%%), and a lower susceptibility to tigecycline (2.7%), was observed. This study evidences the presence of
sp. and
sp. resistant to antibiotics of last choice of clinical treatment, in community and hospital wastewater and their ability to survive WWTP treatment systems.
•Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes present a priming response independently of bacteria.•Priming response along with antimicrobial peptides is sufficient to better control parasite ...infection.•Endoreplication provides a first insight within the mechanisms governing the priming response.
Priming in invertebrates is the acquired capacity to better combat a pathogen due to a previous exposure to sub-lethal doses of the same organism. It is proposed to be functionally analogous to immune memory in vertebrates. Previous studies with Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes provide evidence that the inhibitory response to a second challenge by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei resulted from a sustained activation of hemocytes by midgut bacteria. These bacteria probably accessed the hemolymph during a first aborted infection through lesions produced by parasites invading the midgut. Since the mosquito immune responses to midgut bacteria and Plasmodium overlap, it is difficult to determine the priming responses of each. We herein document priming induced in the aseptic An. albimanus midgut by P. berghei, probably independent of the immune response induced by midgut bacteria. This idea is further evidenced by experiments with Pbs 25–28 knock out parasites (having an impaired capacity for invading the mosquito midgut) and dead ookinetes. Priming protection against a homologous challenge with P. berghei lasted up to 12 days. There was greater incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine into midgut cell nuclei (indicative of DNA synthesis without mitosis) and increased transcription of hnt (a gene required for the endocycle of midgut cells) in primed versus unprimed mosquitoes, suggesting that endoreplication was the underlying mechanism of priming. Moreover, the transcription of hnt and antimicrobial peptides related to an anti-Plasmodium response (attacin, cecropin and gambicin) was enhanced in a biphasic rather than sustained response after priming An. albimanus with P. berghei.
The metagenomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater has been suggested as a methodological tool to characterize the distribution, status, and trends of antibiotic-resistant ...bacteria. In this study, a cross-sectional collection of samples of hospital-associated raw and treated wastewater were obtained from February to March 2020. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to characterize bacterial abundance and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis. The main bacterial phyla found in all the samples were as follows: Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. At the species level, ESKAPEE bacteria such as E. coli relative abundance decreased between raw and treated wastewater, but S. aureus, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa increased, as did the persistence of K. pneumoniae in both raw and treated wastewater. A total of 172 different ARGs were detected; blaOXA, blaVEB, blaKPC, blaGES, mphE, mef, erm, msrE, AAC(6′), ant(3″), aadS, lnu, PBP-2, dfrA, vanA-G, tet, and sul were found at the highest abundance and persistence. This study demonstrates the ability of ESKAPEE bacteria to survive tertiary treatment processes of hospital wastewater, as well as the persistence of clinically important antimicrobial resistance genes that are spreading in the environment.
expressing serotype 3 has a high virulence and a high case fatality ratio. Most studies of serotype 3 pneumococci have focused on a single lineage, the widespread sequence type 180 (ST180). To ...evaluate the serotype 3 lineages causing infections in Mexico, we characterized 196 isolates recovered from 1994 to 2017. The isolates were mostly susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. A single meningitis isolate was resistant to penicillin, and the resistance to erythromycin was 5.2%. The isolates represented the widely disseminated clonal complex 180 (CC180;
= 140), the unusual CC4909 (
= 42), CC260 (
= 11), and a few singletons (
= 3). CC260 was less frequent among pneumococcal invasive disease isolates than CC180 and CC4909 (
= 0.015). There was a decrease of CC4909 (
< 0.001) following PCV13 introduction (2012 to 2017). The CC4909 isolates were represented mostly by ST1119 (
= 40), seemingly having a restricted geographic origin, with isolates in the PubMLST database having been recovered only in Mexico, the United States, and Germany. A genomic analysis of publicly available genomes showed that ST1119 isolates have less than 32% similarity with ST180 isolates, indicating that these lineages are more separated than revealed by traditional multilocus sequence typing. Considering the suggestions of a lower efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against serotype 3, the different dynamics of the two major serotype 3 lineages in Mexico following the introduction of PCV13 should be closely monitored.
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of unknown magnitude that has been overlooked and underreported, influenced by complex interactions established among humans, animals, and the ...environment; certain occupations, such as working with livestock, have an increased risk of exposure. We conducted a cross trans-sectional study in 374 serum samples obtained from workers and residents of dairy farms in the Tizayuca Basin, Hidalgo, Mexico, to determine the prevalence of anti-
Leptospira
antibody and the risk factors associated to this type of environment. The determination of anti-
Leptospira
antibodies was obtained by microscopic agglutination test. Seropositivity was defined from titles
>
1:100. Seropositivity of anti-
Leptospira
antibodies among the population was 46.8% (176/374) (95% Cl 41.9–52.1). Thirty-nine percent (146/74) of the analyzed serum reacted to the Hardjo serovar (Sejröe serogroup). Eighty-eight percent (8/9) slaughterhouse workers tested were seropositive. Those who belonged to an ethnic group had OR 1.78 (IC 1.02–3.11,
P
= 0.041). Seropositivity was associated with having a secondary school level or lower, with OR 1.79 (IC 0.97–3.29,
P
= 0.058). Exposure to
Leptospira
in a dairy production farm is a risk factor for humans. Our findings can contribute to strengthening the intervention of the Public Health System to prevent this zoonosis that prevails in dairy farm environments.
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