Dietary variety is positively correlated with energy intake in most studies. However, the associations between dietary variety and measures of body adiposity are inconsistent in the literature, which ...limits the development of clear national nutrition recommendations regarding dietary variety. In the present systematic review, we critically evaluate the associations between dietary variety and measures of body adiposity among healthy adults within the existing literature. We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to examine these associations. We identified twenty-six studies in total that investigated the associations between dietary variety and body adiposity measures. Total variety was non-significantly associated with body adiposity in most studies, while variety in recommended foods was either inversely associated (six out of ten studies) or non-significantly associated (three out of ten studies) with body adiposity. Conversely, variety in non-recommended foods (i.e. sources of added sugars and solid fats) increased the likelihood of excess adiposity in most studies (six out of nine studies). Definitions and measurement of dietary variety were inconsistent across studies and contributed to some of the discrepancies noted in the literature. In conclusion, among the studies that met the inclusion criteria for the present review, dietary variety was inconsistently associated with body adiposity in diverse populations. Using consistent and specific definitions of dietary variety may help provide further insight into the associations between dietary variety and excess adiposity before definitive public health messages are ma
The goal of the present study was to estimate prevalence and maternal risk factors for infant beverage consumption.
Observational birth cohort.
Central North Carolina, USA.
Mothers 20-36 weeks ...pregnant were surveyed every 3 months through their infant's first year (n 666) on their sociodemographics and infant's consumption frequency of 100 % fruit and vegetable juices and sugar-sweetened-beverages (SSB). Repeated-measure models, using a compound symmetry covariance structure, were used to assess the association of sociodemographic and maternal predictors with introducing juice and SSB separately and explored interaction terms with time to determine how the effects of the predictors change over time.
On average, mothers were 28 years old, 72 % were non-Hispanic Black and 59 % were low-income. We found time by race, income, education, maternal age and breast-feeding duration interactions for both juice and SSB consumption. At approximately 6-7 months of age through 12 months of age, being Black, having a lower income (≤$US 20 000 v. >$US 20 000 per year) and education (less than high-school degree v. high-school degree or higher), being younger (<26 years v. ≥26 years) and breast-feeding for fewer than 26 weeks were each associated with introduction of both juice and SSB consumption.
Future efforts are needed to raise awareness on the importance of national recommendations of limiting juice and SSB for infants, together with decreasing disparities in unhealthy beverage intake early in life.
Modifiable aspects of the family environment that contribute to overweight in younger children have been identified, including parental feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and parenting ...practices related to eating and household routines. Maternal depression influences many of these factors, yet research examining pathways that may link maternal depression through the family environment to child weight is lacking. The current study examined parental feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and eating and household routines as potential mediators between maternal depressive symptoms and child weight at age six. The study also tested for differential effects of early versus concurrent maternal depressive symptoms.
Longitudinal data on 1130 mothers and their children who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFSP II) and its Year 6 Follow-Up study were analyzed. A multi-step, multiple mediator model assessed direct and indirect relationships between early depressive symptoms (two months post-partum) and concurrent depressive symptoms with child Body Mass Index (BMI) z scores at age six. Potential mediators included parental feeding practices, child eating behaviors, and eating and household routines.
Higher early depressive symptoms directly explained lower child BMI z scores. Early depression also worked through concurrent depression, the child's food responsiveness, and the hours the child slept on week nights to explain higher child BMI z scores. Parental efforts to make sure the child eats enough directly predicted lower child weight but did not mediate the effects of early or concurrent maternal depressive symptoms.
The findings suggest the need for greater attention to the relationships between maternal depression and child weight as a critical step toward developing effective obesity prevention strategies.
Consuming a variety (vs. monotony) of energy-poor, nutrient-dense foods may help individuals adhere to dietary patterns favorably associated with weight control.
The objective of this study was to ...examine whether greater healthful food variety quantified using the US Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) index favorably influenced body adiposity.
Men and nonpregnant, nonlactating women aged ≥20 y with two 24-h recalls from the cross-sectional NHANES 2003-2006 (n = 7470) were included in this study. Dietary recalls were merged with the MyPyramid Equivalent database to generate the US HFD index, which ranges from 0 to ∼1, with higher scores indicative of diets with a higher number and proportion of healthful foods. Multiple indicators of adiposity including BMI, waist-to-height ratio, android-to-gynoid fat ratio, fat mass index (FMI), and percentage body fat were assessed across US HFD index quintiles. ORs and 95% CIs were computed with use of multivariable logistic regression (SAS v. 9.3).
The US HFD index was inversely associated with most adiposity indicators in both sexes. After multivariable adjustment, the odds of obesity, android-to-gynoid ratio >1, and high FMI were 31-55% lower (P-trend < 0.01) among women in quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 of the US HFD index. Among men, the odds of obesity, waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5, and android-to-gynoid ratio >1 were 40-48% lower (P-trend ≤ 0.01) in quintile 5 vs. quintile 1 of the US HFD index.
Higher US HFD index values were inversely associated with indicators of body adiposity in both sexes, indicating that greater healthful food variety may protect against excess adiposity. This study explicitly recognizes the potential benefits of dietary variety in obesity management and provides the foundation to support its ongoing evaluation.
The socioemotional climate when feeding is a focus in childhood obesity prevention efforts. However, little is known about why caregivers create nonsupportive or supportive climates. This ...cross-sectional study used a Self-Determination Theory perspective to identify factors associated with the socioemotional climate when feeding in ethnically diverse families with low income.
Caregivers of children aged 2–5 years (n = 66) completed the Parent Socioemotional Context of Feeding Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Need (BPN) Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, and demographic surveys at baseline. Multivariable regressions assessed the association between BPN satisfaction/frustration with autonomy-supportive, structured, controlling, and chaotic feeding climates.
Participants were predominately Hispanic/Latinx (86.6%), women (92.5%), and born outside the US (60%). Their BPN frustration was positively associated with controlling (β = 0.96; SE = 0.26; P = 0.001) and chaotic (β = 0.79; SE = 0.27; P = 0.01) feeding.
This analysis suggests that BPN frustration is associated with controlling and chaotic feeding and may be important to consider when encouraging responsive feeding.
Background: Consuming a wider variety of nutrient-dense foods may promote adherence to healthful dietary patterns, leading to improved dietary quality and enhanced metabolic health.
Objective: We ...used the US Healthy Food Diversity (HFD) index to simultaneously measure dietary variety, quality, and proportionality, hypothesizing a priori that race/ethnicity may moderate associations between diet and health.
Methods: A representative sample of adults (n = 7470) aged 20+ y with two 24-h recalls and complete outcome data from the cross-sectional NHANES 2003–2006 were selected. US HFD values were generated using a previously validated equation with a theoretical range from 0 to nearly 1, with higher scores indicative of more varied diets with a higher proportion of healthful food groups. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined using the most recent harmonized definition. Survey-weighted multivariable linear and logistic regression, adjusted for demographic factors, smoking, energy, screen time, and leisure activity, were used to compute means and ORs (95% CIs).
Results: Adults in the third vs. first US HFD tertile had 21% lower odds of MetS OR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) as well as lower odds of hypertension 0.83 (0.70, 0.995 and elevated waist circumference 0.75 (0.66, 0.86 after multivariable adjustment (P-trend < 0.05). The age- and sex-adjusted odds of low serum HDL cholesterol and impaired fasting plasma glucose (P-trend < 0.05) were lower in the highest vs. lowest US HFD tertile but attenuated with multivariable adjustment (P = 0.06 and 0.22, respectively). Notably, the US HFD index was only protective against adiposity among non-Hispanic white (NHW) and non-Hispanic black (NHB) adults, and MetS associations were driven by NHW adults. No associations were observed among Hispanic adults for any MetS components.
Conclusions: Greater healthful food variety was associated with lower odds of MetS and some MetS components in the total population, NHW adults, and NHB adults. This study provides preliminary evidence that healthful food diversity may protect against MetS and highlights the need for longitudinal and experimental research.
Inventory requirements for authorized Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) retailers have undergone several revisions to increase the availability of healthful foods. A proposed rule of ...84 staple food items was not implemented due to concerns that stores would not withstand this expansion, resulting in a final rule requiring 36 items. This study used the Food Access Research Atlas data to characterize food provisions in 30 small retailers in areas with high and low proportions of SNAP and racial minority residents in Providence, Rhode Island (RI). Stores were assessed with an audit instrument to tally variety, perishability, and depth of stock of four staple food categories. Descriptive, analysis of variance, and chi-square analyses were performed. Across stores, 80% were compliant with the final rule, but 66.7% would need to expand their offerings to meet the proposed rule. Mean dairy variety was lowest among all categories (
< 0.05). Most stores met the perishability (92.3%) and depth-of-stock requirements (96.1%) under both rules. No difference was detected between areas with high and low proportions of SNAP and racial minority residents. Future expansion of requirements may increase healthful food availability without imposing undue burdens on retailers in Providence, RI, excluding increased requirements for dairy variety.
Maternal Stress and Excessive Weight Gain in Infancy Fox, Katelyn; Vadiveloo, Maya; McCurdy, Karen ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
05/2022, Letnik:
19, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Rapid weight gain in infancy increases the risk of developing obesity early in life and contributes significantly to racial and ethnic disparities in childhood obesity. While maternal perceived ...stress is associated with childhood obesity, little is known about the impact it has on infant weight gain. Therefore, this study explores the impact of maternal perceived stress on change in weight-for-length (WFL) z-scores and the risk of rapid weight gain in infancy. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the longitudinal Nurture birth cohort (n = 666). Most mothers in the cohort were non-Hispanic/Latinx Black (71.6%). About one-half of mothers had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 prior to pregnancy, were unemployed, and had a low income. Most infants in the cohort were born full-term and were of normal weight. Data were collected at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months postpartum. At each assessment, mothers completed the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and research assistants weighed and measured each infant. Tertiles were used to compare mothers with high and low perceived stress. A mixed model analysis of repeated measures assessed the associations between baseline perceived stress and the change in infant WFL z-scores over time. Log-binomial models assessed the association between baseline perceived stress and rapid weight gain, defined as a change in WFL z-score > 0.67 standard deviations from three to twelve months. Just under one-half of the infants (47%) experienced rapid weight gain between three and twelve months of age. Birthweight for gestational age (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.08−1.29, p-value = 0.004), gestational age at birth (RR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01−1.14, p-value = 0.031), and weeks breastfed (0.99, 95% CI 0.99−1.00, p-value 0.044) were associated with risk of rapid weight gain in unadjusted analyses. WFL z-scores increased significantly over time, with no effect of perceived stress on change in WFL z-score or risk of rapid weight gain. Rapid weight gain in infancy was prevalent in this sample of predominately Black infants in the Southeastern US. We did not find evidence to support the hypothesis that maternal perceived stress influenced the risk of rapid weight gain. More work is needed to identify and assess the risk factors for rapid weight gain in infancy and to understand the role that maternal stress plays in the risk of childhood obesity so that prevention efforts can be targeted.
The majority of groceries purchased by US households are industrially processed, yet it is unclear how processing level influences diet quality. We sought to determine if processing level is ...associated with diet quality of grocery purchases.
We analysed grocery purchasing data from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey 2012-2013. Household grocery purchases were categorized by the NOVA framework as minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods or ultra-processed foods. The energy share of each processing level (percentage of energy; %E) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) component and total scores were calculated for each household's purchases. The association between %E from processed foods and ultra-processed foods, respectively, and HEI-2015 total score was determined by multivariable linear regression. Foods purchased by households with the highest v. lowest ultra-processed food purchases and HEI-2015 total score <40 v. ≥60 were compared using linear regression.
USA.
Nationally representative sample of 3961 households.
Processed foods and ultra-processed foods provided 9·2 (se 0·3) % and 55·8 (se 0·6) % of purchased energy, respectively. Mean HEI-2015 score was 54·7 (se 0·4). Substituting 10 %E from minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients for ultra-processed foods decreased total HEI-2015 score by 1·8 points (β = -1·8; 95 % CI -2·0, -1·5). Processed food purchases were not associated with diet quality. Among households with high ultra-processed food purchases, those with HEI-2015 score <40 purchased less minimally processed plant-foods than households with HEI-2015 score ≥60.
Increasing purchases of minimally processed foods, decreasing purchases of ultra-processed foods and selecting healthier foods at each processing level may improve diet quality.
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