Krumpir je jedan od najvažnijih ratarskih usjeva, naročito u područjima umjerene klime. Gomolji su bogati izvor minerala (K, P, Mg, Na, Ca i dr.) i vitamina (naročito vitamin C, zatim E, A, H i B ...vitamini). Prema podacima FAOStat-a u razdoblju od 2017. do 2021. godine krumpir je u svijetu uzgajan na prosječno preko 17,2 milijuna ha, uz prosječni prinos gomolja od 21,5 t/ha. Godišnje se u svijetu proizvede preko oko 370 milijuna tona krumpira od čega se preko 50 % proizvede u Aziji. Najveći svjetski proizvođači krumpira su Kina, a slijede je Indija, Ruska Federacija, Ukrajina i SAD. Prosječna potrošnja krumpira po glavi stanovnika godišnje u svijetu za razdoblje 2017. – 2021. iznosi 33,3 kg. Zanimljivo je istaknuti kako se u Europi konzumira najviše krumpira po glavi stanovnika godišnje (76 kg/per capita/godišnje), dok je najmanja potrošnja krumpira po glavi stanovnika godišnje u Africi (14,6 kg/per capita/godišnje).
Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati provedenu zaštitu u suzbijanju pjegavosti lista šećerne repe (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) te prikazati ostvaren prinos i kvalitetu šećerne repe u petogodišnjem ...razdoblju (2016. – 2020.). U analiziranom razdoblju prvo tretiranje fungicidom provodilo se zbog prevencije već u prvoj ili drugoj dekadi lipnja. Ovisno o vegetacijskoj sezoni, zaštita je provedena u 4 (2016. – 2018.) ili 5 navrata (2019. i 2020.). Razmak između tretiranja je bio između 14 i 20 dana. Zadnje tretiranje provelo se krajem prve dekade kolovoza. U svakom tretiranju fungicidima korištena je kombinacija organskih sistemičnih fungicida i sredstava na bazi bakra (bakreni oksiklorid) što se pokazalo uspješnim u očuvanju lisne rozete. Prinos korijena šećerne repe iznosio je prosječno 74,4 t/ha, a sadržaj šećera u korijenu 15,86%. Najveći prinos korijena bio je 2016. godine (80,8 t/ha), kada je zaštita od gljivice Cercospora beticola bila provedena u 4 navrata. Najmanji prinos i sadržaj šećera ostvaren je 2019. godine, (65,2 t/ha i 12,24%), jer je nakon tuče u srpnju šećerna repa retrovegetirala.
The COVID-19 pandemic affected many aspects of human life including consumer behavior. The main aim of this paper was to identify basic patterns of changes in consumer attitudes towards agri-food ...products under the influence of the 2020 pandemic and to better understand to what extent and what kind of food market problems appeared for the inhabitants of the Danube microregion. For this purpose, an explorative study was elaborated. Assuming that the experience of COVID-19 affected consumer attitudes and sense of food security, a hybrid survey was conducted in the Danube microregion (Croatia, Serbia and Romania) during 2022. Data collected from a total of 903 respondents were statistically analyzed in SPSS. Descriptive statistics, PCA, ANOVA and t-Test were employed. The main results have shown that although the surveyed population of the Danube microregion during the pandemic in 2020 was generally not afraid of food shortages, food was in most part available for their families and their shopping habits have not changed to a large degree, the experience of the pandemic has raised the level of awareness about some issues related to food and specifically the prices of food products. Also, three different patterns of attitude and behavior towards food and agriculture, which emerged as a result of the experience of the pandemic in 2020, were identified. These patterns also proved to be different for different segments of the population. The findings suggest the need for stronger support for the development of locally affordable food systems with the use of ICT as a coping mechanism in crises.
U ovom istraživanju analizirana je intenzivna proizvodnja krumpira koji se prerađuje u čips. U analiziranom razdoblju (2019. – 2022.) prikazane su sve agrotehničke mjere pri proizvodnji krumpira na ...primjeru PO „Beta“. Vidljivo je da je gnojidba svake godine provedena pri jesenskoj obradi, zatim pred samu sadnju, pri nagrtanju i prije zatvaranja redova. Zaštita krumpira je provedena pravovremeno, a kod primjene zaštitnih sredstava najviše se koriste fungicidi u zaštiti od plamenjače i koncentrične pjegavosti krumpira. Kod zaštite od krumpirove zlatice vodi se računa o korištenju pripravaka iz različitih kemijskih skupina i različitih mehanizma djelovanja. Obavezna mjera u proizvodnji je navodnjavanje koje se provodi tijekom ljetnih mjeseci (lipanj i srpanj). Vađenje krumpira obavilo se strojno, a ostvareni prinosi iznosili su prosječno 36 t/ha, što je daleko od hrvatskog prosjeka (19,1 t/ha).
This study aimed to analyze the seasonal dynamics of sugar beet leaf and root yield and quality in different plant populations and the nitrogen fertilization rate. The field trials were set as four ...different planting densities (60,000 to 140,000 plants ha−1) and three different spring nitrogen fertilization rates: no fertilization, pre-sowing (45 kg ha−1 N), and pre-sowing with top dressing (99 kg ha−1 N in 2014 and 85.5 kg ha−1 N in 2015. The changes of leaf growth were done measuring leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area ratio (LAR). The highest LAI in 2014 was determined on 30 July at 140,000 plants ha−1 (9.35 m2 m−1) and in 2015 on 20 June at 100,000 plants ha−1 (4.83 m2 m−2). In both years, the SLA and LAR was highest at the end of May. In relation to plant density, higher plant densities had on average the highest root yield, sucrose content, and white sugar yield. In both years, pre-sowing with top dressing spring nitrogen fertilization resulted in the highest root (95.0 t ha−1) and white sugar yield (11.4 t ha−1), whereas the highest sucrose content was after pre-sowing fertilization (14.9%).
The reason for this examination is today’s wide usage of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) among researchers worldwide to measure photosynthetic efficiency. Although the instructions of the ChlF ...measuring device clearly emphasize the need for methodology adjustments, depending on the specific plant species, many researchers use the usual 30 min of dark adaptation before measurement. Namely, before any ChlF measurement, it is necessary to determine the specific duration of the leaf adaptation to the conditions of darkness of each plant tissue. Because of the numerous uses of the ChlF measurements, we decided to conduct this research to determine whether the appearance of the curves and parameter values depend on the time of sunflower leaf tissue adaptation to dark conditions. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the optimal adaptation time of sunflower tissue to dark conditions to obtain timely precise measurements and credible appearance of ChlF transient curves as well as accurate parameter values. The research was carried out on the sunflower hybrid Luka with 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min of dark adaptation in the vegetative, budding and flowering stages in the field conditions. According to the analyzed transient curves and parameters, it was determined that sunflower leaves should be kept in dark conditions for at least 15 min before the measurement of ChlF, which leads to the complete oxidation of PSII and the electron transport chain prior to a saturating pulse of light.
The sunflower is considered one of the four most important oilseeds globally.
The study was conducted on 16 sunflower hybrids in field conditions to link
photosynthesis parameters with yield ...components using chlorophyll a
fluorescence parameters (ChlF), chlorophyll content, leaf temperature and
agronomic traits. By analysing the ChlF parameters in the flowering stage of
sunflower hybrids, a statistically significant difference was found between
the studied hybrids for all the ChlF parameters except for the
photosynthetic efficiency index of energy required from exciton to the
reduction of ultimate electron acceptors on photosystem I (PItotal). At the
same time, the results confirmed the significance of the chlorophyll
content, leaf temperature, and agronomic traits for the studied hybrids. The
indicators of photosynthetic efficiency showed a significant correlation
between the efficiency with which the electron can reduce the final electron
acceptors to photosystem I (RE0/ET0), PItotal and plant height. Also, the
number of seeds per head showed a positive and very significant correlation
with variable fluorescence in step I (VI) and a very highly significant
negative correlation with the energy flow which reduces electron end
acceptors on the acceptor side of photosystem I (RE0/RC). Using these
analyses in sunflower breeding programmes could improve productivity and
performance optimisation under changeable growing conditions.
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