Tutkimuksessamme tarkastelimme rekisteriaineiston avulla Ohjaamoasioinnin yhteyttä nuorten työssäoloon, opiskeluun, palkkatuettuun työhön osallistumiseen sekä toimeentulotuen asiakkuuteen 0–3 vuoden ...aikavälillä. Vertasimme OhjaamossaTE-asiakkaina asioineita nuoria tavanomaisessa TE-palveluprosessissa asioineisiin nuoriin. Tutkimusaineistona käytimme hallinnollisista rekistereistä koottua pitkittäisaineistoa (n =14 141) ja menetelmänä lineaarista todennäköisyysmallinnusta. Verrokkiryhmä muodostettiin niistä nuorista, joiden asuinkunnassa ei ollut Ohjaamoa. Ohjaamoissa TEasiakkaina olleet nuoret päätyivät seurantajakson ensimmäisten vuosien aikana opiskelemaan ja palkkatuettuun työhön todennäköisemmin kuin tavanomaisessaTE-palveluprosessissa olleet nuoret. Seuranta-ajan lopulla ryhmien välillä ei kuitenkaan enää ollut eroa opiskelun todennäköisyydessä. Avoimilla työmarkkinoilla työskentely oli Ohjaamossa asiakkaina olleilla nuorilla epätodennäköisempää kuin vertailuryhmän nuorilla seuranta-ajan alkupuolella, mutta seuranta-ajan lopulla ryhmien välillä ei enää ollut eroa avoimilla työmarkkinoilla työssä olon todennäköisyydessä. Sen lisäksi, että Ohjaamossa asiakkaina asioineet nuoret päätyivät seuranta-aikana todennäköisemmin opiskelemaan kuin tavanomaisessa TE-palveluprosessissa olleet nuoret, heillä oli pienempi todennäköisyys jäädä toimeentulotuen asiakkaaksi seuranta-ajan loppuun mennessä. Tämä viittaa siihen, että tavanomaisessa palveluprosessissa TE-asiakkaina olevat nuoret putoavat ja jäävät todennäköisemmin toimeentulotuen varaan kuin Ohjaamossa, jossa nuorille tarjotaan laaja-alaista moniammatillista tukea.
We analyze the intergenerational transmission of social disadvantages in the context of the Finnish welfare state. Previous research on intergenerational transmission has typically concentrated on ...educational attainment, income and social class as separate factors. Researchers commonly measure parental standing using single indicators that are very general and do not address social disadvantage; rather, these single indicators only address socioeconomic status in general. Therefore, we measure both parental disadvantage and children’s outcomes using three indicators: dropping out of school after completing compulsory education, unemployment, and receipt of social assistance. We assume that there are differences in how strongly different disadvantage indicators are intergenerationally inherited and how they accumulate across generations. We use high-quality register data from Finland (n=157 135). Parental information was collected when each child was 15 years old, and the young adulthood outcomes were collected when the child was 22. We analyze data with sibling methods using random-effect linear regression models to study the importance of a disadvantaged background on adulthood outcomes. According to the results, all three social disadvantages are intergenerationally inherited in Finland. Accumulation of disadvantage, receipt of social assistance and dropping out of school after compulsory education are inherited more strongly than unemployment. The lack of economic resources in the family does not explain why other family disadvantages are transferred across generations.
Doping is a well-recognized risk factor for several potentially severe health effects. Scientific literature concerning the need for medical treatment for such adversities is still sparse. This is ...especially true for women, due to lower doping use prevalence compared to men. Our study explored the nature of medical contacts and deviance in red blood cell parameters of female patients with doping use in Finnish specialized health care.
This was a retrospective register study. The study sample was gathered from the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland (HUS) Datalake. An exhaustive search for doping related terms was performed to find patients with doping use documentation within free-text patient records. Medical record data was supplemented with laboratory data and medical diagnoses covering a total observation time of two decades. Statistical analysis included Fisher's Exact Test and one-way ANOVA.
We found 39 female patients with history of doping use and specialized health care contacts in the HUS-area between 2002-2020. At initial contact (i.e., the first documentation of doping use), the mean age of these patients was 33.6 years (min 18.1, max 63.5, SD 10.6). The most frequently used doping agents were anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). The initial contacts were significantly more often acute in nature among patients with active doping use than among patients with only previous use (no use within one year; p = 0.002). Psychiatric and substance use disorder (SUD) morbidity was high (46.2% and 30.8%, respectively). Eight patients (20.5%) had received specialized health care for acute poisoning with alcohol or drugs, and nine (23.1%) for bacterial skin infections. Less than 45% of patients with active AAS use presented with off-range red blood cell parameters.
Our findings suggest that female patients with a history of doping use encountered in specialized health care may exhibit high psychiatric and SUD related morbidity. Also, majority of patients with AAS use had red blood cell parameters within-range. Further studies are required to assess the generalizability of these findings to patients within primary health care services, and to determine the usefulness of hematological parameters as indicators of AAS use in female patients.
Monkeypox virus was imported into Finland during late May-early June 2022. Intrahost viral genome variation in a sample from 1 patient comprised a major variant with 3 lineage B.1.3-specific ...mutations and a minor variant with ancestral B.1 nucleotides. Results suggest either ongoing APOBEC3 enzyme-mediated evolution or co-infection.
Multiple introductions of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant BA.1 and BA.1.1. lineages to Finland were detected in early December 2021. Within 3 weeks, Omicron overtook Delta as the most common variant in ...the capital region. Sequence analysis demonstrated the emergence and spread through community transmission of a large cluster of BA.1.1 virus.
Most forest inventories based on the use of remote-sensing data produce the required species-specific information by fusing data from different sources (e.g., Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and ...spectral data). We tested an active hyperspectral LiDAR instrument in a laboratory measurement of spruce and pine trees to find out whether these species could be separated by means of combined range and reflectance measurements. An analysis focused on those pulses that had penetrated through the foliage improved the classification accuracies of the species with otherwise highly similar reflectance properties. Based on a careful selection of the classification features, 18 spruce and pine trees could be classified with accuracies of 78%-97% using independent training and validation data acquired by separate scans. The results denote the potential of using active hyperspectral measurements for species classification.
The clinical outcome of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) infection shows extensive variation, ranging from inapparent subclinical infection (70-80%) to severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), ...with about 0.1% of cases being fatal. Most hospitalized patients experience acute kidney injury (AKI), histologically known as acute hemorrhagic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Why this variation? There is no evidence that there would be more virulent and less virulent variants infecting humans, although this has not been extensively studied. Individuals with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles B*08 and DRB1*0301 are likely to have a severe form of the PUUV infection, and those with B*27 are likely to have a benign clinical course. Other genetic factors, related to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene and the C4A component of the complement system, may be involved. Various autoimmune phenomena and Epstein-Barr virus infection are associated with PUUV infection, but hantavirus-neutralizing antibodies are not associated with lower disease severity in PUUV HFRS. Wide individual differences occur in ocular and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations and in the long-term consequences of nephropathia epidemica (NE). Numerous biomarkers have been detected, and some are clinically used to assess and predict the severity of PUUV infection. A new addition is the plasma glucose concentration associated with the severity of both capillary leakage, thrombocytopenia, inflammation, and AKI in PUUV infection. Our question, "Why this variation?" remains largely unanswered.
Recombinant sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were detected in surveillance samples collected in north-western Finland in January 2022. We detected 191 samples with an identical genome ...arrangement in weeks 3 to 11, indicating sustained community transmission. The recombinant lineage has a 5'-end of BA.1, a recombination breakpoint between
and
(nucleotide position 13,296-15,240) and a 3'-end of BA.2 including the
gene. We describe the available genomic and epidemiological data about this currently circulating recombinant XJ lineage.
Renewable fuels form an essential means to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emitted by vehicles and non-road machines. Due to the limited production so far, different blends of renewable fuels ...in fossil fuels are a realistic way to implement the increasing use of renewable fuels. In addition to significant GHG emissions reduction, further benefits can be achieved when high quality renewable fuels are utilized as blending components since the pollutant exhaust emissions, such as unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter mass (PM) and particle number (PN), may also decrease. A global Finnish forestry company has developed an innovative production process from crude tall oil (CTO), a wood-based residue of pulp making process, to renewable diesel. The fuel properties correspond to those of the traditional fossil fuels but the GHG emissions are reduced significantly.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor of multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the presence of EBV DNA in the CSF and blood of patients with MS and controls. We analyzed whether ...EBV DNA is more common in the CSF of patients with MS than in controls and estimated the proportions of EBV-positive B cells in the CSF and blood.
CSF supernatants and cells were collected at diagnostic lumbar punctures from 45 patients with MS and 45 HLA-DR15 matched controls with other conditions, all participants were EBV seropositive. Cellular DNA was amplified by Phi polymerase targeting both host and viral DNA, and representative samples were obtained in 28 cases and 28 controls. Nonamplified DNA from CSF cells (14 cases, 14 controls) and blood B cells (10 cases, 10 controls) were analyzed in a subset of participants. Multiple droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) runs were performed per sample to assess the cumulative EBV positivity rate. To detect viral RNA as a sign of activation, RNA sequencing was performed in blood CD4-positive, CD8-positive, and CD19-positive cells from 21 patients with MS and 3 controls.
One of the 45 patients with MS and none of the 45 controls were positive for EBV DNA in CSF supernatants (1 mL). CSF cellular DNA was analyzed in 8 independent ddPCRs: EBV DNA was detected at least once in 18 (64%) of the 28 patients with MS and in 15 (54%) of the 28 controls (
= 0.59, Fisher test). The cumulative EBV positivity increased steadily up to 59% in the successive ddPCRs, suggesting that all individuals would have reached EBV positivity in the CSF cells, if more DNA would have been analyzed. The estimated proportion of EBV-positive B cells was >1/10,000 in both the CSF and blood. We did not detect viral RNA, except from endogenous retroviruses, in the blood lymphocyte subpopulations.
EBV-DNA is equally detectable in the CSF cells of both patients with MS and controls with ddPCR, and the probabilistic approach indicates that the true positivity rate approaches 100% in EBV-positive individuals. The proportion of EBV-positive B cells seems higher than previously estimated.
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