Plane R-curves II Longinetti, M.; Manselli, P.; Venturi, A.
Applicable analysis,
1/25/2021, Letnik:
100, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Let
be the class of plane, oriented, rectifiable curves γ, such that, for almost every
, the part of γ preceding x is outside the open disk of radius R, centered in
, where
is the unit tangent vector ...at x. In Longinetti et al. Plane R-curves and their steepest descent properties I. Appl Anal. DOI:
10.1080/00036811.2018.1466278
, the present authors have obtained bounds for the length and the detour for
regular curves in
. These bounds are proved here for all curves in
.
Abstract
The installation of new renewable power plants in Italy is currently hindered by various concurrent factors, the length of the authorization process above all. The average time to authorize ...a wind farm is about five and a half years, mainly due to the binding judgment of the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment). Italy however is now in a phase where many of the first-installed wind farms are close to their end of life. In this perspective, a promising solution is given by the re-powering of existing wind farms, since they can access a simplified authorization procedure under the Legislative Decree 08/11/2021, n. 199 et seq., which reduces by one third the bureaucratic burden and it lets non-binding the evaluation of the landscape authorities. Moving from this background, the study provides a feasibility study on the re-powering of Italian wind farms. Starting from the database available at GSE (Gestore dei Servizi Energetici), a new re-powering scenario has been defined, accounting for the constraints on the site area, number and dimension of the turbines imposed by the art. 32 of Law 29/07/2021, n. 108. The effectiveness of the re-powering intervention has been evaluated in terms of energetic yield, considering the increased capacity factor of the new turbines, economic revenue and environmental footprint. To verify its feasibility on a real application, a wind farm owned by AGSM-AIM S.p.A., for which wind, terrain, and production data were available, has been selected. Different plant layouts have been analyzed in the WindPro software, and compared in terms of power, producibility and capacity factor. The feasibility of the different layouts has also been verified by on-field inspections.
Background: The benefit of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal cancer has been extensively studied but data on survival are still equivocal. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of ...chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery in the reduction of mortality in patients with resectable oesophageal cancer. Methods: Computerised bibliographic searches of MEDLINE and CANCERLIT (1970–2002) were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists. Study selection: Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing preoperative chemoradiotherapy plus surgery with surgery alone, and if they included patients with resectable histologically proven oesophageal cancer without metastatic disease. Six eligible RCTs were identified and included in the meta-analysis. Data extraction: Data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from each RCT according to the intention to treat method by three independent observers and combined using the DerSimonian and Laird method. Results: Chemoradiotherapy plus surgery compared with surgery alone significantly reduced the three year mortality rate (odds ratio (OR) 0.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.93); p = 0.03) (number needed to treat = 10). Pathological examination showed that preoperative chemoradiotherapy downstaged the tumour (that is, less advanced stage at pathological examination at the time of surgery) compared with surgery alone (OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.26–0.72); p = 0.001). The risk for postoperative mortality was higher in the chemoradiotherapy plus surgery group (OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.18–3.73); p = 0.01). Conclusions: In patients with resectable oesophageal cancer, chemoradiotherapy plus surgery significantly reduces three year mortality compared with surgery alone. However, postoperative mortality was significantly increased by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Further large scale multicentre RCTs may prove useful to substantiate the benefit on overall survival.
Biological invasions and introgressive hybridization are major drivers for the decline of native freshwater fish. However, the magnitude of the problem across a native species range, the mechanisms ...shaping introgression as well as invader's dispersal and the relative role of biological invasions in the light of multiple environmental stressors are rarely described. Here, we report extensive (N = 665) mtDNA sequence and (N = 692) microsatellite genotypic data of 32 Northern Adriatic sites aimed to unravel the invasion of the European Barbus barbus in Italy and the hybridization and decline of the endemic B. plebejus. We highlight an exceptionally fast breakthrough of B. barbus within the Po River basin, leading to widespread introgressive hybridization with the endemic B. plebejus within few generations. In contrast, adjacent drainage systems are still unaffected from B. barbus invasion. We show that barriers to migration are inefficient to halt the invasion process and that propagule pressure, and not environmental quality, is the major driver responsible for B. barbus success. Both introgressive hybridization and invader's dispersal are facilitated by ongoing fisheries management practices. Therefore, immediate changes in fisheries management (i.e. stocking and translocation measures) and a detailed conservation plan, focussed on remnant purebred B. plebejus populations, are urgently needed.
Let
be the class of plane, oriented, rectifiable curves
, such that for almost every
, the part of
preceding x is outside of the open circle of radius R, centered in
, where
is the unit tangent ...vector at x. Geometrical properties of the curves
are proved; it is shown also that the length of a regular curve
is bounded by a constant depending upon R and the diameter of
only. The curves
turn out to be steepest descent curves for real-valued functions with sublevel sets of reach greater than R.
Background
: Although 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) oral compounds are the standard maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis in remission, some patients cannot use them because of side‐effects. ...Clinical and experimental observations have suggested the potential role of probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease therapy.
Aim
: To evaluate the effects on intestinal microflora and the clinical efficacy of a new probiotic preparation in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission.
Patients and methods
: Twenty patients with ulcerative colitis, intolerant or allergic to 5‐ASA, have been treated with a new probiotic preparation (VSL # 3, CSL, Milan, Italy) containing 5 × 1011 cells/g of 3 strains of bifidobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli and 1 strain of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. Two doses of 3 g were administered o.d. for 12 months. Faecal samples for stool culture were obtained from the patients at the beginning of the trial and after 10, 20, 40, 60, 75, 90 days, 12 months and at 15 days after the end of the treatment. The following bacterial groups have been evaluated in the faeces: total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, enterococci, Streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, clostridia, coliforms. Patients were assessed clinically every two months, and assessed endoscopically at 6 and 12 months or in relapse.
Results
: Faecal concentrations of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus, lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased significantly in all patients, compared to their basal level, from the 20th day of treatment (P < 0.05) and remained stable throughout the study. Concentrations of Bacteroides, clostridia, coliforms, total aerobic and anaerobic bacteria did not change significantly during treatment (P = N.S.). Fifteen of 20 treated patients remained in remission during the study, one patient was lost to follow up, while the remaining relapsed. No significant side‐effects have been reported.
Conclusions
: These results show that this probiotic preparation is able to colonize the intestine, and suggest that it may be useful in maintaining the remission in ulcerative colitis patients intolerant or allergic to 5‐ASA. Controlled trials are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.
Wine can be considered a niche product on the drinks market, due to the annual turnover it generates and the dispersion of the productive matrix which controls its production. However, it takes on a ...symbolic value compared to other drinks and boasts a unique link with the territory. Typicity translated into territorial values has brought about the success of winemaking regions of great national and international fame. However, it is necessary to communicate the values and adopt the consequent measures for other areas in a secondary position or with an intermediate development. The value of wine ex-cellar, unbottled and before vat has been analyzed taking into account production in different market segments, a basic element for estimating the value of the GSP per hectare of vineyard. This paper is based on the study of physical, economic and motivational parameters that determine the primary value, the cause for consolidating or abandoning winegrowing. Decisions made by the vinegrower translate into nursery demand which, in turn, determines the varieties and surface areas of the future vineyard.
We present the neuroimaging and clinical findings in 2 nonalcoholic adult patients with WE as assessed by MR imaging. The first patient presented with gait ataxia and changes in consciousness. MR ...imaging disclosed bilateral lesions in the dorsal striatum and cerebellum. None of the regions typically affected in WE were involved. The second patient showed symmetric lesions in the posterior putamen associated with the alterations frequently and infrequently found WE.
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