The applicability of the Bouguer—Lambert—Beer law was demonstrated for determining the optical characteristics of composite films in analyzing absorption of laser radiation with introduction of the ...corresponding corrections. The validity of using Eq. (5) for composite films with carbon fillers was demonstrated and is very important in analyzing reflection of laser radiation from the investigated composites. The optical characteristics of the composite films with carbon fillers are not only a function of the filler content, but also of the filler type.
It was found that the structure of FC carbon filler significantly affects transmission and reflection of IR radiation. The penetrating power of FC is higher the more ordered the structure of the ...filler. The lowest transmission of IR radiation is observed in FC with a filler characterized by a macropore structure; microporosity has almost no effect on the penetrating power of FC. The carbon filler significantly affects the reflectivity of FC in the IR region: the intensity of reflection of carbon-containing film materials is one order of magnitude less than for films with no filler. The reflectivity of FC is higher the more perfect the structure of the carbon-containing filler is.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Addition of 5 to 20% carbon filler to film composite material (FCM) decreases its strength and mechanical modulus of elasticity. Addition of porous carbon fillers (Aktilen fibre, industrial carbon, ...activated carbon) decreases the physicomechanical properties of FCM even at a low content, under 5%. FCM made from a liquid composition and containing carbon fibres exhibit anisotropy of the mechanical properties due to orientation of the filler; the strength and modulus of elasticity are higher in the longitudinal than in the transverse direction. A hypothesis is advanced concerning the presence of defective regions on the polymer-filler interface and stress concentration on the ends of the fibres, which probably also causes the decrease in the mechanical properties of the FCM. Acoustic studies suggested the existence of contacts between the carbon fibres at a content in FCM of 10% and higher.
The Southern Ocean is a crucial component of the global climate system and plankton communities inhabiting the Ocean are important in the global carbon cycle. Our paper is aimed to reveal possible ...factors, which keep identity and explain changes of the community structure at the mesoscale. We tested the absolute values of environmental variables (e.g., temperature, salinity, chlorophyll) as well as the position of the oceanic frontal zones and water masses as these possible factors. We chose the epipelagic zone of the Drake Passage as a unique environment, where gradients of abiotic variables are the most sharp and the boundaries between water masses are not always coincident with the position of fronts: we recorded six water masses and two hydrological fronts. No strict connection between the position of hydrological fronts and absolute values of hydrological variables from one side, and community variables from another, was found. Instead, boundaries between communities coincided with the boundaries between water masses thus indicating greater importance of water mass origin and history and lesser importance of the current hydrological variables.
Abstract The NEMO-3 results for the double- $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{150}$$ 150 Nd to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + and 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + excited states of $$^{150}$$ 150 Sm are reported. The data recorded during ...5.25 year with 36.6 g of the isotope $$^{150}$$ 150 Nd are used in the analysis. The signal of the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β transition to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + excited state is detected with a statistical significance exceeding 5 $$\sigma $$ σ . The half-life is measured to be $$T_{1/2}^{2\nu \beta \beta }(0^+_1) = \left 1.11 ^{+0.19}_{-0.14} \,\left( \hbox {stat}\right) ^{+0.17}_{-0.15}\,\left( \hbox {syst}\right) \right \times 10^{20}$$ T 1 / 2 2 ν β β ( 0 1 + ) = 1 . 11 - 0.14 + 0.19 stat - 0.15 + 0.17 syst × 10 20 year, which is the most precise value that has been measured to date. 90% confidence-level limits are set for the other decay modes. For the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay to the 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + level the limit is $$T^{2\nu \beta \beta }_{1/2}(2^+_1) > 2.42 \times 10^{20}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 2 ν β β ( 2 1 + ) > 2.42 × 10 20 year . The limits on the $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + and 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + levels of $$^{150}$$ 150 Sm are significantly improved to $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }(0^+_1) > 1.36 \times 10^{22}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν β β ( 0 1 + ) > 1.36 × 10 22 year and $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }(2^+_1) > 1.26 \times 10^{22}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν β β ( 2 1 + ) > 1.26 × 10 22 year .
Abstract The NEMO-3 results for the double- $$\beta $$ β decay of $$^{150}$$ 150 Nd to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + and 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + excited states of $$^{150}$$ 150 Sm are reported. The data recorded during ...5.25 year with 36.6 g of the isotope $$^{150}$$ 150 Nd are used in the analysis. The signal of the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β transition to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + excited state is detected with a statistical significance exceeding 5 $$\sigma $$ σ . The half-life is measured to be $$T_{1/2}^{2\nu \beta \beta }(0^+_1) = \left 1.11 ^{+0.19}_{-0.14} \,\left( \hbox {stat}\right) ^{+0.17}_{-0.15}\,\left( \hbox {syst}\right) \right \times 10^{20}$$ T 1 / 2 2 ν β β ( 0 1 + ) = 1 . 11 - 0.14 + 0.19 stat - 0.15 + 0.17 syst × 10 20 year, which is the most precise value that has been measured to date. 90% confidence-level limits are set for the other decay modes. For the $$2\nu \beta \beta $$ 2 ν β β decay to the 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + level the limit is $$T^{2\nu \beta \beta }_{1/2}(2^+_1) > 2.42 \times 10^{20}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 2 ν β β ( 2 1 + ) > 2.42 × 10 20 year . The limits on the $$0\nu \beta \beta $$ 0 ν β β decay to the 0 $$^+_1$$ 1 + and 2 $$^+_1$$ 1 + levels of $$^{150}$$ 150 Sm are significantly improved to $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }(0^+_1) > 1.36 \times 10^{22}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν β β ( 0 1 + ) > 1.36 × 10 22 year and $$T_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }(2^+_1) > 1.26 \times 10^{22}~\hbox {year}$$ T 1 / 2 0 ν β β ( 2 1 + ) > 1.26 × 10 22 year .
The paper examines three groups of samples based on B^sub 4^C and B^sub 13^C^sub 2^ powders (with additions of Al and Al^sub 2^O^sub 3^ in the amount of 2 and 5 wt.%, respectively). It is established ...that the maximal strength (445 MPa) is characteristic of the material B^sub 13^C^sub 2^ over the whole temperature range. It does not change up to 1600°C. The increase in strength of B^sub 4^C-based samples is revealed over the range of 1200 to 1600°C, mainly for high-porous materials (10-12%). Presumably, this is due to the higher relaxation properties of porous material microstructure.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of 18 faunistic groups collected during the 39th cruise of the R.V. "Akademik Mstislav Keldysh" in September 1996 at the Broken Spur vent field, MAR, was ...studied. The trophic structure of the Broken Spur vent community is considered. All age stages of the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata living 5 m below the main aggregations at black smokers show higher δ15N and more depleted δ13C values than the same stages inhabiting the black smokers themselves. The shrimps R. exoculata and Chorocaris chacei demonstrate ontogenetic changes in δ13C (the former also in δ15N), with smaller individuals showing higher δ15N and more depleted δ13C values than larger shrimps. Benthopelagic and benthic components of the vent community differ significantly in δ13C and δ15N, the benthic fauna being less dependent upon chemosynthetic production.
The NEMO-3 results for the double-$\beta$ decay of $^{150}$Nd to the 0$^+_1$
and 2$^+_1$ excited states of $^{150}$Sm are reported. The data recorded during
5.25 yr with 36.6 g of the isotope ...$^{150}$Nd are used in the analysis. For the
first time, the signal of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ transition to the 0$^+_1$
excited state is detected with a statistical significance exceeding 5$\sigma$.
The half-life is measured to be $T_{1/2}^{2\nu\beta\beta}(0^+_1) = \left 1.11
^{+0.19}_{-0.14} \,\left(\mbox{stat}\right) ^{+0.17}_{-0.15}\,
\left(\mbox{syst}\right) \right \times10^{20}\,\mbox{yr}$. The limits are set
on the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the 2$^+_1$ level and on the $0\nu\beta\beta$
decay to the 0$^+_1$ and 2$^+_1$ levels of $^{150}$Sm.
