The management of patients with brain metastases has become a major issue due to the increasing frequency and complexity of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In 2014, the European ...Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) created a multidisciplinary Task Force to draw evidence-based guidelines for patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. Here, we present these guidelines, which provide a consensus review of evidence and recommendations for diagnosis by neuroimaging and neuropathology, staging, prognostic factors, and different treatment options. Specifically, we addressed options such as surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery/stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy, whole-brain radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy (with particular attention to brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and breast and renal cancer), and supportive care.
Little is known about the relationship between the COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study is to describe a group of patients who died with TB (active disease or sequelae) and COVID-19 ...in two cohorts.
Data from 49 consecutive cases in 8 countries (cohort A) and 20 hospitalised patients with TB and COVID-19 (cohort B) were analysed and patients who died were described. Demographic and clinical variables were retrospectively collected, including co-morbidities and risk factors for TB and COVID-19 mortality.
Overall, 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients died, 7 from cohort A (14.3%) and one from cohort B (5%).
Out of 69 patients 43 were migrants, 26/49 (53.1%) in cohort A and 17/20 (85.0%) in cohort B.
Migrants: (1) were younger than natives; in cohort A the median (IQR) age was 40 (27–49) VS. 66 (46–70) years, whereas in cohort B 37 (27–46) VS. 48 (47–60) years; (2) had a lower mortality rate than natives (1/43, 2.3% versus 7/26, 26.9%; p-value: 0.002); (3) had fewer co-morbidities than natives (23/43, 53.5% versus 5/26–19.2%) natives; p-value: 0.005).
The study findings show that: (1) mortality is likely to occur in elderly patients with co-morbidities; (2) TB might not be a major determinant of mortality and (3) migrants had lower mortality, probably because of their younger age and lower number of co-morbidities. However, in settings where advanced forms of TB frequently occur and are caused by drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, higher mortality rates can be expected in young individuals.
The toxic effects of five Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) that are widely used as active ingredients in personal care products were assessed using the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio ...fischeri (formerly Vibrio fischeri) (Microtox® test system). The experimental results showed a relevant toxicity for almost all of the single QACs, with IC50 values lower than 1mgL-1. Analysis of the mode of action through the application of the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models indicated an a-specific reactivity for most of the QACs toward A. fischeri. Only hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ATMAC-16) behaved as a polar-narcotic, with a low reactivity toward the bacterial cell membrane. The concentration response curves of the different binary and multicomponent mixtures of QACs were also evaluated with respect to the predictions from the Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) models. For almost all of the binary and multicomponent mixtures (7 out of 11 mixtures tested), an agreement between the experimental and predicted ICx was observed and confirmed via application of the Model Deviation Ratio (MDR). In four cases, some deviations from the expected behaviour were observed (potential antagonistic and synergistic interactions) at concentrations on the order of hundreds of µgL-1, which could be of environmental concern, especially in the case of synergistic effects. The analysis of aquatic ecotoxicity data and the few available values of the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) from the literature for wastewaters and receiving waterbodies suggest that a potential risk toward aquatic life cannot be excluded.
•Most of the QACs has an IC50 toward Aliivibrio fischeri below 1mgL-1.•Most of the QACs acts as aspecific reactive chemicals.•CA and IA models provide a good prediction for 7 out of 11 the mixtures of QAC.•Observed synergistic interactions are at environmentally relevant concentrations.•Environmental risk from presence of QACs cannot be excluded.
We present in this paper a general method to calculate the thermodynamics and the isotope effect under pressure within the Migdal-Eliashberg theory. We apply this method to Palladium hydrides. We ...have considered the crystal lattice to be zincblende taking into account the experimental evidence for both PdH and PdD at temperatures below 55 K. We have studied, in particular, the changes induced by pressure in the critical temperature, Tc, in the specific heat jump at Tc, in the energy gap at T=0K and in the deviation function D(t). Replacement of hydrogen by deuterium in palladium hydride results in a higher superconducting temperature and in an anomalous isotope effect coefficient, α. The behaviour under pressure of the isotope effect coefficient can be explained taking into account the change in Tc due to the change in both, the electron-phonon and the electron-electron interactions. We get a very good agreement with experiment where the data exist. This method represents a basis on which the thermodynamics of other hydrides under pressure can be studied.
•The anomalous isotope effect in PdH(D) is an outstanding problem that spans almost 50 years.•The inverse isotope effect depends on both interactions, the electron-electron and the electron-phonon interactions.•The electron-electron interaction in complex system depends on the mass of the ions.•A new method to calculate the superconducting thermodynamics under pressure.
We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of a selection of pesticides in Alpine glaciers used on the Po Plain in Northern Italy, near the Alps. By analysing a 102-m ice core taken from the ...Lys Glacier (Monte Rosa massif, Italy), we highlight historical contamination from the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the herbicide terbuthylazine, confirming the role of alpine glaciers as temporal sinks.
In addition, we collected meltwater samples from six glaciers distributed along the Alpine Arc during the summer of 2016, which showed widespread contamination by pesticides. Overall, chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine dominated the contaminant fingerprint of all of the studied glaciers, with contamination peaks occurring at the beginning of the melting season. This highlights the importance of the medium-range atmospheric transport of these pesticides in connection with agricultural practices in the areas beneath the Italian Alps, where they are widely applied.
The release of pesticides in meltwater can lead to potential risks to the aquatic ecosystems of headwater streams, as we demonstrate for chlorpyrifos. This suggests that the medium-range atmospheric transport of pesticides should be considered as part of regulations to protect the water quality of these pristine environments.
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•Chlorpyrifos was detected in all glacial meltwater from Alpine Glaciers.•Terbuthylazine and its metabolite detected in glaciers closer to Po plain.•Chlorpyrifos and terbuthylazine concentrations in ice core vary with sale volumes.•Risk characterisation of chlorpyrifos indicates concern for alpine aquatic species.
IntroductionCannabis or marijuana is a common substance of abuse. Its active compounds are Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC or THC), cannabidiol or nabiximol. The last two ones might have a ...therapeutic effect in some mental disorders. THC is a toxic substance that has euphoric, sedative and antalgic effects. It is the third most consumed psychoactive substance in the world, with 10% of people consuming it with an abusive patron.The comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder (BD) and the cannabis abuse takes place in a 20% of the patients in some series. This has been related with a worse prognostic for the BD, being especially related to apparition of more episodes of mania.We did a review of both disorders due to a case of a patient we had admitted to the psychiatry department of the Bellvitge Universitary Hospital with a debut of hippomania and history of cannabis consumption.ObjectivesTo expose a clinical case and to do a review of the literature related to BD and cannabis abuse.MethodsIt is a one patient report of a 35 year old male that was a habitual consumer of cannabis. He achieved a consume of 1g per day. He began consuming it on December 2020, until 4-5 days before the hospitalisation on March 2022. His hospital admittance was due to a debut with hippomania clinical features.Review of various scientific articles related to both disorders.ResultsOur case clinical features were mainly an alteration in his conduct right after cannabis withdrawal. It consisted in mental hyper clarity, increased speed of his thought, insomnia, inadequacy, hyperactivity and increased energy; hipersexuality and wellness feeling.His development was favourable with an olanzapine based treatment, later switched to aripiprazole. After the hospitalisation, his symptoms have been mainly related to the anxiety spectrum, due to a basal neurotic personality. He presented some depressive symptoms, but not with entity of decompensation. He hasn’t consumed cannabis since the admittance.It’s been described that substance abuse is related to retardation on the diagnosis. Also, this comorbidity is related to a worse development in both disorders. In the case of BD, cannabis consumption has been related to more episodes of mania.Lithium is the only treatment proved to improve both disorders at the same time.Comorbidity for affective disorders with substance abuse has been described as a risk factor for suicide, overdose and homicide.ConclusionsCannabis seems directly related with the onset and the exacerbation of a BD. This relation seems bilateral, since an untreated mania might result in a cannabis abuse disorder. Worse prognosis for BD might be because comorbidity with cannabis abuse is related with worse adherence to treatment and more decompensations. Also, the abuse of substances can provoke retardation in the diagnosis. By now, lithium seems to be the only treatment with proved efficacy treating comorbidity of both disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
In the present work we give the construction of the genus field and the extended genus field of an elementary abelian
l
-extension of a field of rational functions, where
l
is a prime number. In the ...Kummer case, if
K
is contained in a cyclotomic function field, the construction is given using Leopoldt’s ideas by means of Dirichlet characters. Following the definition of Anglès and Jaulent of extended Hilbert class field, we obtain the extended genus field of an elementary abelian
l
-extension of a field of rational functions.
The evolution of the radiation belts in L‐shell (L), energy (E), and equatorial pitch angle (α0) is analyzed during the calm 11‐day interval (4–15 March) following the 1 March 2013 storm. Magnetic ...Electron and Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) observations from Van Allen Probes are interpreted alongside 1D and 3D Fokker‐Planck simulations combined with consistent event‐driven scattering modeling from whistler mode hiss waves. Three (L, E, α0) regions persist through 11 days of hiss wave scattering; the pitch angle‐dependent inner belt core (L ~ <2.2 and E < 700 keV), pitch angle homogeneous outer belt low‐energy core (L > ~5 and E~ < 100 keV), and a distinct pocket of electrons (L ~ 4.5, 5.5 and E ~ 0.7, 2 MeV). The pitch angle homogeneous outer belt is explained by the diffusion coefficients that are roughly constant for α0 ~ <60°, E > 100 keV, 3.5 < L < Lpp ~ 6. Thus, observed unidirectional flux decays can be used to estimate local pitch angle diffusion rates in that region. Top‐hat distributions are computed and observed at L ~ 3–3.5 and E = 100–300 keV.
Plain Language Summary
We study the evolution of the radiation belts during quiet geomagnetic times from satellite observations and numerical codes. We reach a global understanding of the trapped electrons variation with time, space, energy, and pitch angle (the angle of the velocity vector with the magnetic field). We exhibit three stable regions, which are less sensitive to scattering from hiss waves, while, on the other hand, hiss causes flux decay over 12 days that forms the slot region between the inner and outer belt. The existing theory explains why the outer belt electron decay is independent of pitch angle but dependent upon energy. This implies that satellite observations can reveal local pitch angle diffusion rates, themselves intimately connected with the wave properties. Thus, a connection is made between observed wave properties and observed/computed scattered electron flux, consistent with theory. Regions where the flux is pitch angle dependent are isolated in the low‐energy slot region where we show that the real shape is a smoothed version of the ideal top‐hat distribution computed from theory. The impact of this work is improved understanding of the belt evolution for space weather prediction, with a proposed event‐driven method that accurately (within ×2) predicts the electron flux decay after storms.
Key Points
Global computations of the (L, E, α0) structure of the evolving radiation belt during quiet times agree well with observations
The inner belt decay is pitch angle dependent, while the outer belt is much more homogeneous with two distinct (L, E) regions
The homogeneity of the pitch angle diffusion coefficient due to hiss waves explains the uniform outer belt decay and why 1D and 3D simulations agree
The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is widespread in the population, and in most cases its infection is asymptomatic. The currently available anti-HSV-1 drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, ...although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds deserves additional effort. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an interesting class of molecules with potential antiviral properties. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first demonstration of the
anti-HSV-1 activity of temporin B (TB), a short membrane-active amphibian AMP. In particular, when HSV-1 was preincubated with 20 μg/ml TB, significant antiviral activity was observed (a 5-log reduction of the virus titer). Such an effect was due to the disruption of the viral envelope, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, TB partially affected different stages of the HSV-1 life cycle, including the attachment and the entry of the virus into the host cell, as well as the subsequent postinfection phase. Furthermore, its efficacy was confirmed on human epithelial cells, suggesting TB as a novel approach for the prevention and/or treatment of HSV-1 infections.
Introduction
Hepatic ones are some of the most described somatic complications in anorexia nervosa (AN) affected patients. They can be due to malnutrition, which is the more usual thing, or due to ...re-feeding. The first one can lead to more marked elevations of the hepatic enzymes, especially alanine-aminotransferase (ALT). It’s been also described the relation between a sharply decreased body mass index (BMI) and this kind of complications, but there are still to determine more predictors.
Objectives
Identifying clinical predictors of hepatic complications in AN.
Methods
We analysed data from 71 AN affected patients hospitalized at Bellvitge Hospital from January 2016 to October 2021. We used IBM SPSS Statistics 22 to do all the statistics in this work.
Results
The medium age of the sample was 27.66 years with 10.8 years of evolution of AN. The medium BMI was 13.88. 33.80% of them had some sort of hepatic enzymes elevation, two of them a several one. AST, ALT and ALP were significantly more elevated in those patients with lower BMI. GGT was significantly more elevated in patients with more years of disorder development. We didn’t identify correlation between any purgative method and hepatic alterations.
Conclusions
The elevation of ALT, AST and ALP seems to be related with the BMI of the patients, while the elevation of the GGT turns out to be related to the time of evolution of the eating disorder. Purgative methods don’t seem to be related to the development of hepatic alterations in AN.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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