This paper introduces the novel concept of self-evolving measurement system with the aim of rapidly identifying and localising defect patterns in multi-stage assembly systems with compliant non-ideal ...parts. This allows to enhance the level of diagnosability which cannot be achieved using fixed and static pre-determined measurement systems. The proposed methodology helps to identify and select new measurement points to increase the likelihood of isolating root causes of defects. This happens by automatically classifying defect patterns and associating them to critical key control characteristics. The methodology integrates supervised machine learning tools with first principle engineering simulations. It is based on the principle of pattern similarity, taking into account data generated by the self-evolving measurement system. The methodology is demonstrated and validated using the results of an automotive door assembly system.
The paper deals with the problem of tolerance specification and, in particular, proposes a graph-based method and a preliminary software tool: (i) to accomplish the tolerance specification for a ...mechanical assembly; (ii) to verify the consistency of the specification and, (iii) to allow the tracing of relationships among parts and features of the assembly. The method adopts Minimum Reference Geometric Elements (MRGE), directed graphs (di-graphs) and a set of dedicated algorithms to tackle the problems of consistency that occur during an interactive tolerance specification activity. Finally, an application illustrates the proposed method and its actual implementation.
Introduction
The P2X7 receptor‐NLRP3 inflammasome complex (P2X7R‐Infl) regulates inflammatory and immune responses. Physical exercise modulates heat‐shock proteins (Hsps), influencing cytokine levels ...and oxidative stress; Hsp72 triggers P2X7R‐Infl‐dependent responses.
Subjects and Methods
We studied the effect of a single bout of maximal exercise on lymphomonocyte expression of P2X7R, NLRP3, caspase‐1, NF‐kB and Hsp72 and circulating levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18 and MCP‐1, all modulated by P2X7R‐Infl, in healthy sedentary (SED), trained (ATH), endurance (END) male individuals.
Results
Baseline P2X7R, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 expression progressively increased from SED to ATH and END; NF‐kβ showed the same trend. Hsp72 did not differ among groups. Acute exercise strongly reduced P2X7R in all participants, irrespective of their degree of physical training. Inflammasome responses differed across groups: in SED, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 increased; in ATH, NLRP3 reduced and caspase‐1 did not vary; in END, NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 declined. Baseline IL‐1β, higher in END, was unmodified after exercise; IL‐18 decreased; MCP‐1 doubled in SED, did not vary in ATH, declined in END. In the whole study population, significant direct relationships emerged between P2X7R expression and IL‐1β, IL‐18, MCP‐1 levels, all P < .001; also Caspase‐1 related with these markers. A multivariate analysis showed age, BMI and P2X7R as determinants of postexercise IL‐1β levels.
Conclusion
Endurance show higher P2X7R‐Infl expression and function vs SED and ATH; however, maximal exercise determines prevailing pro‐inflammatory vs anti‐inflammatory responses in untrained and trained participants, respectively, highlighting a likely cause‐effect relationship between degree of physical activity and P2X7R‐Infl‐mediated responses.
At a channel (reach) scale, braided channels are fluvial, geomorphological, complex systems that are characterized by a shift of bars during flood events. In such events water flows are channeled in ...multiple and mobile channels across a gravel floodplain that remain in unmodified conditions. From a geometrical point of view, braided patterns of the active hydraulic channels are characterized by multicursal nature with structures that are spatially developed by either simple- and multi-scaling behavior. Since current studies do not take into account a general procedure concerning scale measurements, the latter behavior is still not well understood. The aim of our investigation is to analyze directly, through a general procedure, the scaling behavior of hydraulically active channels per transect and per reach analyzed. Our generalized stochastic approach is based on Taylor’s law, and the theory of exponential dispersion distributions. In particular, we make use of a power law, based on the variance and mean of the active channel fluctuations. In this way we demonstrate that the number of such fluctuations with respect to the unicursal behavior of the braided rivers, follows a jump-process of Poisson and compound Poisson–Gamma distributions. Furthermore, a correlation is also provided between the scaling fractal exponents obtained by Taylor’s law and the Hurst exponents.
•Angiosarcoma presents unique challenges in clinical management of localized disease, due to its rarity and aggressiveness.•Dedicated clinical recommendations for angiosarcoma are currently lacking ...despite the applicability of ESMO guidelines.•The Italian Sarcoma Group, together with patient’s advocates from “Sofia nel Cuore Onlus”, convened to develop specific recommendations, aiming to standardize and harmonize clinical practices for localized angiosarcoma management.
Angiosarcoma (AS) represents a rare and aggressive vascular sarcoma, posing distinct challenges in clinical management compared to other sarcomas.
While the current European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) clinical practice guidelines for sarcoma treatment are applicable to AS, its unique aggressiveness and diverse tumor presentations necessitate dedicated and detailed clinical recommendations, which are currently lacking. Notably, considerations regarding surgical extent, radiation therapy (RT), and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy vary significantly in localized disease, depending on each different site of onset. Indeed, AS are one of the sarcoma types most sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite this, uncertainties persist regarding optimal management across different clinical presentations, highlighting the need for further investigation through clinical trials.
The Italian Sarcoma Group (ISG) organized a consensus meeting on April 1st, 2023, in Castel San Pietro, Italy, bringing together Italian sarcoma experts from several disciplines and patient representatives from “Sofia nel Cuore Onlus” and the ISG patient advocacy working group. The objective was to develop specific clinical recommendations for managing localized AS within the existing framework of sarcoma clinical practice guidelines, accounting for potential practice variations among ISG institutions. The aim was to try to standardize and harmonize clinical practices, or at least highlight the open questions in the local management of the disease, to define the best evidence-based practice for the optimal approach of localized AS and generate the recommendations presented herein.
PDF
