Palača Jakša u Hvaru Vojnović, Ivo
Prostor,
06/2016, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1(51)
Journal Article, Paper
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U članku se donosi prostorni razvoj palače Jakša u Hvaru počevši od izgradnje ranogotičke kuće, njezine transformacije u kasnogotičku palaču, renesansne adaptacije, pa do temeljite rekonstrukcije ...koja se na palaèč dogodila u 19. stoljeću. Rad se temelji na istražnim radovima koje je proveo sam autor, a koji su bili temelj za obnovu tog povijesnog sklopa.
This paper analyzes the spatial development of Jakša Palace in Hvar from its origin as an early Gothic house followed by its transformation into a Late Gothic palace and its remodeling at a later date with Renaissance alterations and additions until its thorough rehabilitation in the 19th century. The research conducted by the author served as a basis for the rehabilitation treatment.
This paper analyzes the spatial development of Jaksa Palace in Hvar from its origin as an early Gothic house followed by its transformation into a Late Gothic palace and its remodeling at a later ...date with Renaissance alterations and additions until its thorough rehabilitation in the 19th century. The research conducted by the author served as a basis for the rehabilitation treatment. GRODA HVAR LATE GOTHIC JAKSA PALACE U clanku se donosi prostorni razvoj palace Jaksa u Hvaru pocevsi od izgradnje ranogoticke kuce, njezine transformacije u kasnogoticku palacu, renesansne adaptacije, pa do temeljite rekonstrukcije koja se na palaci dogodila u 19. stoljecu. Rad se temelji na istraznim radovima koje je proveo sam autor, a koji su bili temelj za obnovu tog povijesnog sklopa. GRODA HVAR KASNA GOTIKA PALACA JAKSA Jaksa Palace in Hvar is situated in the southeastern part of Groda near the town gate called St Mary's Gates or Bishop's Gates. The history of the town Hvar can be traced back to an Illyrian fortress that stood at the site of the present Fortica fortress which in Antiquity and Late Antiquity gradually descended towards the seashore where there was a port at the site of today's Pjaca. In the early Middle Ages a Burg (Burak) was built on the opposite side of the port. By order of the Venetian authorities a new town was built in 1278 on the ruins of a town from Late Antiquity. The New town (Civitas Nova) or popularly called Groda was walled by fortresses and curtain walls with a castle built at the site of the former Illyrian fortress. The area inside the walls was occupied by residential houses built in the manner of the ancient insulae. The street layout was based on a series of horizontal streets following the configuration of the terrain and the sloping streets perpendicular to them which most commonly had stairways. The area within this street grid was built up with Early Gothic houses. There had been an early Gothic house at the site of Jaksa Palace dating probably from the late 13th or the early 14th century. It was a modest two-storey building consisting of the ground-floor and the first floor levels with a gable roof. Its south facade, whose original appearance is unknown, was oriented to the lower town street. The west facade was oriented to a transversal street linked with the upper street by stairs. From the north and east, the house was separated from the adjacent buildings by a courtyard. It is assumed that there was an external stone stairway on the south side which provided access to the first floor as it was common practice in Hvar's medieval architecture. In 1420 the town was seized by Venice. As a result a new cultural influence was felt especially in the architecture of floral Gothic style. It was in this period (the second half of the 15th century) that Jaksa Palace was built. In the first half of the 15th century aristocratic palaces began to spring up along the city walls. This was contrary to the 1331 statute which stipulated that houses had to be built at least 20 steps away from the city wall for security reasons. In 1446 the plebeians launched a protest against it but the authorities made no effort to put an end to this practice. The Late Gothic Jaksa Palace originated from a former Early Gothic house which was remodeled with parts added or altered. Another storey was added and the porch built in the courtyard to extend the house eastwards. With its arches spanning across the street towards the south, the building spread over a part of the city wall in the same way as did the palaces of families Uzizic, Paladinic and Gazarovic. A document from 1463, which gives information on the construction of the arches on Uzizic (Hektorovic) Palace, is also relevant for the exact dating of Jaksa Palace since both buildings had identical shapes of the arches. It can thus be assumed that the palace retained the original Early Gothic layout with the external staircase on the south side giving access to the first floor. A new south facade was built over a part of the city wall making a passage for the city guard more narrow but still serviceable. A biforis and a triforium are richly decorative with their capitals and acroteria designed in the shape of bent leaves. Hvar could boast highly developed crafts at the time. Some craftsmen used to work in the workshops of Juraj Dalmatinac and Andrija Alesija so it seems reasonable to assume that some of these masters were actually engaged in the works on Jaksa Palace. Hvar was severely damaged on two occasions: in 1571 during the war against the Turks and in 1579 by a powder-magazine explosion on Fortica. Since the explosion wrecked several houses west from Jaksa Palace, it is quite possible that the palace might have been damaged on this occasion as well which later led to its rehabilitation in the second half of the 16th century. It was then that new window openings with Renaissance characteristics were built in and new fire-places installed. It is highly probable that decorative stone basins were then removed from the drawing-room where they had presumably been before. The palace underwent a major transformation in the late 19th century. From a palace with a medieval character it was transformed into a residential building with an entirely new layout. Due to a dilapidated porch threatening to collapse, the space between the arches was filled up with a new wall. Likewise, the former courtyard was completely closed by a new shallow vault with a terrace above it. The south facade covering the ground-floor level and the first-floor was completely rebuilt leaving no visible traces of the earlier stages. In 2001 work began on the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the palace. A detailed architectural survey was followed by archaeological investigation works and conservation analyses. After the design stage structural repair work was undertaken, the walled-in porch on the ground-floor level was reconstructed and reopened, and stone sculpture and facade plaster were renovated. New floor structures and a new roof structure were made. After removing the earth embankment the west facade became entirely visible. Archaeological investigation works were conducted in the interior and on the west side of the palace where the ruins of the medieval houses (previously lined up along a transversal street) were found including the ruins of a Late Gothic house demolished during the Turkish siege of Hvar and the explosion of the powder-magazine. Many fragments of Late Gothic stone sculpture were found as well. Some of these decorative pieces might have been on Jaksa Palace. The most significant finding was a stone basin featuring a decoration in the form of bent leaves whose striking resemblance to the one in the courtyard of Great Papalic Palace in Split leads us to assume that it was carved in Juraj Dalmatinac's workshop. Unlike other palaces in Hvar, Jaksa Palace is recognizable by this workshop's influence particularly in some decorative details of the opening on the palace front. Moreover, building the porch in a relatively modest courtyard (quite uncommon in Hvar's housing construction), indicates that it might have been Juraj Dalmatinac's workshop that left its stamp on the layout of the Late Gothic Jaksa Palace.
Godine 2009. i 2009. provedena su nova arheološka i konzervatorska
istraživanja Zapadnih termi Dioklecijanove palače. Uočeno je nekoliko novih detalja u odnosu na istraživanja iz 1972. godine, pa se ...tako može bolje upotpuniti izvorni izgled termi.
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