The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the cooperation of the European countries in projects related to the AI in the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) and in the current Horizon 2020 Programme. The ...analysis is based on the information obtained from European Commission database eCORDA (External COmmon Research DAtawarehouse). Dynamic scientometric maps were constructed to describe in more detail the collaboration of European subjects in the EC funded AI research. Within the FP7, 1223 projects in the AI field received roughly 2,8 billion €. In the current H2020 programme the EC has already provided 2,1 billion € for 1081 projects in AI. In the FP7, higher education institutions dominated in both the number of awarded project and the received financial support. In the H2020 programme, a profound shift favouring business enterprise sector occurred. Approximately one third of AI projects in the FP7 was in the thematic area Information and Communication Technologies. In the H2020 programme the EC extended the support further to other thematic areas including global societal challenges especially in the field of transport and security. The extent of the involvement of the member countries varies extensively. The countries above average participating in the AI projects are Germany, Italy, Austria, Spain, Portugal, and Slovenia. The Czech Republic falls in the group of less participating countries. The Czech Republic also exhibits a smaller increase of the participation between RP7 and H2020. Universities involved in approximately two thirds of AI project have dominated in the Czech participation in the FP7. In the H2020 program their share in the AI project decreased by approximately 10 percent points. On the other side, their share of financial support was conserved. The most participating universities were the Czech Technical University Prague (24 projects, and 30% share of the EC contribution for the Czech AI projects) and the Brno University of Technology (14 projects, and 12,4% financial share). In the business enterprise sector Honeywell International s. r. o. attained the highest participation. The Czech subjects collaborate most frequently with German, British, Italian and French research teams.
The article is devoted to an analysis of the public support and results of the security oriented R&D in Czechia in the years 2011–2015. The aim is to provide a knowledge base for active participation ...of users of results and existing and potential beneficiaries of public support in the development of the system and programs of the security research after 2017. The introductory part of the text describes the national environment of the security R&D, and the methodology of the data analysis of projects and programs and the bibliometric analyses of results of the security research. The analysis is focused in particular upon the distribution of the public funding, and the results obtained in R&D programs financed by the Ministry of the interior (MoI). The existing overlaps between R&D activities sponsored by MoI and by other governmental bodies are also examined.
The Czech enterprise sector shows in a long term a significantly lower patent activity in comparison with both the most innovation-intensive EU economies, and the EU-15 average. The topic of this ...contribution is a comparison of the quality and the volume of the industrial property rights created in the Czech enterprises with a selected EU-15 countries classified as innovation leaders, strong and moderate innovators. Two new EU members, namely Poland and Hungary, were also included in the comparisons. The analysis shows that the number of the international patent applications registered by enterprises with the EPO and under the PCT treaty is by more than one order lower in comparison with both the innovation-intensive countries like Denmark, Germany, or Netherlands and the countries whose innovation performance is comparable to the Czech Republic. The Czech enterprises unlike their counterparts in the innovation-intensive countries register the priority applications with the home country patent office and only a small fraction is subsequently registered with EPO and under the PCT. Also the size of the patent families and subsequent citations of the Czech patents by other patent applications lags behind the innovation-intensive countries. The low patenting activity of the Czech enterprises correlates with a low expenditure on R&D. The Czech enterprises are somehow limited in the creation of knowledge giving rise to internationally competitive products which would demand international industrial property claims. The analysis also indicates that patent applications co-authored by Czech inventors are extensively owned by foreign corporations. The Czech enterprises produce a larger fraction of patents in collaboration with research organizations than foreign ones. It indicates that enterprises are interested in tapping in the research capacity of the universities and governmental R&D establishment. The detail analysis of the data in the national R&D Information System indicates that the number of patents created by enterprises supported by applied R&D programs is currently rather low. Beside the stimulation of the Czech enterprises to the in-house R&D spending it is necessary to support long-term strategic alliances of enterprises with research organizations. It will create a fertile environment for the development of radical innovations which are a key factor for the increase of international competitiveness and market shares.
The aim of the paper is to assess the Czech participation in international cooperation in the security research and to identify obstacles which prevent a higher involvement of research teams from the ...Czech Republic in this cooperation. The methodological approach to the analysis and the used data sources are briefly described in the first part of the paper. In the next part we present the results of the analysis of the participation of entities from the Czech Republic in projects dealing with security issues, which were supported by the 7th Framework Program for Research and Technological Development and Horizon 2020, and by some other programs supporting the international cooperation in R&D. The obtained information is supplemented by results of the questionnaire survey between research organizations active in security research and by the findings of the expert workshop.
Lidar observations, conducted at the South Pole by University of Illinois researchers, are used to characterize the seasonal variations of mesospheric Na and Fe above the site. The annual mean layer ...abundances are virtually identical to midlatitude values, and the mean centroid height is just 100 m higher for Na and 450 m higher for Fe compared with 40°N. The most striking feature of the metal profiles is the almost complete absence of Na and Fe below 90 km during midsummer. This leads to summertime layers with significantly higher peaks, narrower widths, and smaller abundances than are observed at lower latitudes. The measurements are compared with detailed chemical models of these species that were developed at the University of East Anglia. The models accurately reproduce most features of these observations and demonstrate the importance of rapid uptake of the metallic species on the surfaces of polar mesospheric clouds and meteoric smoke particles. The models show that vertical downwelling in winter, associated with the meridional circulation system, must be less than about 1 cm s−1 in the upper mesosphere in order to avoid displacing the minor constituents O, H, and the metal layers too far below 85 km. They also show that an additional source of gas‐phase metallic species, that is comparable to the meteoric input, is required during winter to correctly model the Na and Fe abundances. This source appears to arise from the wintertime convergence of the meridional flow over the South Pole.
This article summarises main findings of an ex-post analysis of national programmes fostering international collaboration in research and development - KONTAKT, INGO, EUREKA and COST. The analysis ...was based on descriptive analyses of data from the publicly accessible part of the Information system of research, development and innovation, and a questionnaire survey. It analyses information on projects and their results as well as their general impacts on research institutions. As for disciplines, the programmes mostly supported Physics and Mathematics, Technical sciences, Bio sciences and Chemistry. The most frequent types of activities were basic and applied research. In the last decade, the programmes KONTAKT, INGO and COST showed a common trend of an increase of basic research activities, which became the dominant type. The main types of results were articles in scientific journals and conference proceedings. The evaluation also revealed that such papers were the most frequent result of applied research projects. In general, the results of the programmes were used for further research activities. Beside research activities and international collaboration, the programmes had positive impacts especially on human resources development and innovative capabilities of supported companies.
International collaboration is an important factor stimulating the advancement of national research and development. In this paper we use bibliometric analysis for the evaluation of the extent and ...the intensity of collaboration of the EU countries with partners beyond the EU group. The main partner of EU is the USA whose authors participate on nearly one tenth of the European scientifi c publications. Within the 6th and 7th Framework Programme, measured by the number of R&D teams, Russia dominates. Former socialist countries exhibit a broader orientation towards Russia and other countries of the former USSR than the EU-15 countries. The number of American R&D teams involved in the collaboration with Czech subjects is about only one third of the Russian ones.
Measurements of the vertical distribution of atmospheric sodium, made at São José dos Campos (23°S, 46°W) from 1972 to 2001 show a negligible net long‐term trend in the layer over this time period. ...In view of the fact that cooling of the upper atmosphere, as indicated by some experimental studies and predicted by models, would be expected to influence the vertical distribution of sodium, this result can be used to estimate the limits of such cooling. In order to investigate the sensitivity of the sodium layer to changes in the atmospheric temperature profile, and thus estimate an upper limit to the changes it should be possible to detect, we have used a comprehensive model for the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (65–110 km) that includes all species and reactions thought to be relevant to the sodium chemistry. On the basis of this study we find that the sodium layer observations are consistent with model calculations for the global effects of increased CO2 but are not consistent with many of the experimental studies, which show cooling trends much larger than expected from theoretical studies.
Energy research is one of the fields of the National Priorities of Oriented Research, Experimental Development and Innovations. The Czech Republic is facing rather ambitious targets in the ...utilization of renewable energy resources, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improvement of the overall energetic efficiency of the national economy. The fulfilling of these goals will require an intensive R&; D in a broad spectrum of disciplines and technology fields. The present article evaluates the extent and the structure of the support of the energy research in the Czech Republic and brings comparisons with foreign countries both in expenditure and results in various research fields. The Czech Republic spends relatively more public resources in the nuclear technology research. It is accompanied by higher publication activities. It is in a stark contrast with significantly lower patenting activities in this field, except of the branch of non-fossil fuel production, in comparison with both the World and EU-27 countries.
The theme of master's thesis is the application of selected methods of valuation on a house in Kamenný Újezd. Thesis deals with theoretical foundation, which describes the basic principles of ...valuation used, including basic terminology and legislation, and secondly, the work also deals with practical application of the theoretical basis. Practical part includes a description of the location where the family house is located, there is a description of the family house, describing the situation on the local real estate market valuation of selected family house, selected cost methods and by direct comparison and there is also mentioned valuation of land used the construction methods using Naegeli. This award builds on the evaluation of performance each of the valuation methods, comparing the calculated price of shares price of shares listed on the valuation ordinance and the conclusion of this work consists of a total recap the results of the valuation.
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