PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT INSPECTION AND DIAGNOSTIC Vrana, Michal; Moravek, Jan; Mastny, Petr
Informatyka, automatyka, pomiary w gospodarce i ochronie środowiska,
9/2015, Letnik:
5, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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This paper presents methods of photovoltaic panel inspection in the field. The aim is to verify value of on-site tests. The basic parameters for comparing the quality of photovoltaic panels are ...indicated by the manufacturer’s datasheet. Diagnostic in the field commonly uses a combination of different analyzers and infrared cameras. The paper compares the evaluation of the parameters at different climatic conditions by special photovoltaic analyzer, conventional analyzer with recalculation according the IEC standards and flash tester. The comparison of different methods and analyzers has been performed with the practical experience from the measurements. Further, the standards for the inspection of photovoltaic panels and best practices for their implementation are described.
The comparison of four extraction techniques for isolation of five native and one labelled steroid oestrogens from sediment was described. The three conventional extraction techniques Soxhlet warm ...extraction (SWE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and a promising technique QuEChERS were tested for isolation of low environmentally relevant oestrogen concentrations using different extraction conditions. The least expensive and time-consuming method QuEChERS provided the best extraction recoveries (53-84%) from all techniques. MAE achieved the highest recovery from conventional techniques for less polar oestrogens using dichloromethane: acetone 3:1 mixture as an extraction solvent (50-71%), but for extraction of the whole group of oestrogens including more polar estriol acetone or methanol must be used. ASE provided higher extraction recoveries using dichloromethane at 60°C (53-74%) for less polar oestrogens. However, the repeatability of results was unsatisfactory and recoveries using other extraction conditions were lower than for MAE. The most time-consuming SWE achieved the worst extraction recoveries and for isolation of low oestrogen concentrations from sediments, it is completely unsuitable.
Apoptosis plays a critical role in cancer cell survival and tumor development. We provide a hypothesis-generating screen for further research by exploring the expression profile and genetic ...variability of caspases (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10) in breast carcinoma patients. This study addressed isoform-specific caspase transcript expression and genetic variability in regulatory sequences of caspases 2 and 9.
Gene expression profiling was performed by quantitative real-time PCR in tumor and paired non-malignant tissues of two independent groups of patients. Genetic variability was determined by high resolution melting, allelic discrimination, and sequencing analysis in tumor and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA of the patients.
CASP3 A+B and S isoforms were over-expressed in tumors of both patient groups. The CASP9 transcript was down-regulated in tumors of both groups of patients and significantly associated with expression of hormonal receptors and with the presence of rs4645978-rs2020903-rs4646034 haplotype in the CASP9 gene. Patients with a low intratumoral CASP9A/B isoform expression ratio (predicted to shift equilibrium towards anti-apoptotic isoform) subsequently treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than those with the high ratio (p=0.04). Inheritance of CC genotype of rs2020903 in CASP9 was associated with progesterone receptor expression in tumors (p=0.003).
Genetic variability in CASP9 and expression of its splicing variants present targets for further study.
Strong neutron multiple Bragg reflections (MBRs) excited by elastic bending have some excellent resolution properties that could be further exploited. MBR effects can create highly monochromatic and ...highly collimated beams of rather large cross section, which can find applications in high‐resolution neutron scattering and neutron imaging instrumentation. The favourable properties of an MBR beam produced by means of bent perfect crystals of Si and Ge are demonstrated by the imaging of holes of diameter less than 1 mm in a Cd sheet, slits of width less than 1 mm in a Gd sheet and refraction effects on edges after the transmission of the MBR beam through office staples.
We have studied the cardioprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine in the dog. In mongrel dogs of either sex, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for a period of 2 hours behind the ...origin of its first diagonal branch. After this period, dogs in a treated group were administered 100 mg of N-acetylcysteine/kg body weight while a control group remained untreated. This was followed by a 2-hour period of reperfusion. The extent of necrosis was determined using the triphenyltetrazolium method. Presence or absence of collaterals was established at the same time. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was monitored throughout the study. Compared with 11 dogs of the control group, 10 dogs treated with N-acetylcysteine showed a decrease of 32.7% in the extent of infarction. The extent of infarction, expressed as the percentage of the left ventricular myocardium at risk, was 55.0 +/- 7.0% in the control group and 37.0 +/- 12.6% in the treated group (P less than 0.01). N-acetylcysteine also statistically significantly decreased the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias over the period of reperfusion. Compared with the control group, the difference was evident as early as the first 5-10 minutes of reperfusion, becoming most pronounced at the 60th minute (P less than 0.001). We conclude that N-acetylcysteine is effective in limiting the extent of infarction and significantly reduces the incidence of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist combined with the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) is commonly used in assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) to induce controlled ovarian ...hyperstimulation (COH) and to synchronize oocyte maturation. While hCG is known to have immunomodulatory properties, we aimed to assess its effect on immunological changes, with respect to HLA-G binding receptors and embryo implantation success.
The study involved 103 subjects, including patients undergoing COH protocols (n=66), divided on the basis of the pair's fertility disorder (FD) causes (female FD, n=29; male FD, n=37), and age matched healthy women (n=37). The relative distribution of T cell (CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+) and NK cell (CD56bright/CD16-, CD56dim/CD16+) populations was evaluated together with HLA-G ligands KIR2DL4 and LILRB1 expression by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of all subjects, as well as in patient follicular fluids.
Both groups of patients exhibited a significant decrease of their CD4/CD8 index, a down-modulation of LILRB1-positive CD8 T cells, and increased KIR2DL4-positive NK cell distribution, when compared to the healthy donors. We attribute these changes to the COH protocol, since the only significant change between the patient groups was in the number of cytotoxic CD56dim NK cells (elevated in the female FD group). Patients with male FD causes, having an above-average CD4/CD8 index (≥3.17) and below-average KIR2DL4+/CD56bright NK cell levels(≤13.3%), exhibited higher embryo implantation rates.
The GnRH antagonist/hCG protocol promotes CD3+/CD8+ and KIR2DL4+ NK cell levels, more abundant in subjects with lower implantation rates, and thus decreases the embryotransfer success in otherwise fertile women.
The compound
mer-Ru(terpy)Cl
3 was found to be active as a cytostatic in L1210 leukemia cells, with an activity in between cisplatin and carboplatin. It was shown that the Ru complex covalently binds ...to DNA and this binding results in the formation of ∼2% interstrand cross-links. In addition, no Ru-promoted nicks are formed. The parent compound has also been reacted with the DNA model bases 9-methylhypoxanthine (9mhyp) and 9-ethylguanine (9egua). The solid complexes
trans-Ru(terpy)(B-
κN
7)
2(H
2O)(PF
6)
2, where B = 9mhyp or 9egua, were isolated and characterized in acetone solution by proton NMR. The bases are symmetrically arranged around the metal center, and involved in hydrogen bonding with the water ligand, most likely via their O6 atoms. The water ligand has been substituted by acetonitrile. The complexes
trans-Ru(terpy)(B-
κN
7)
2(CH
3CN)(PF
6)
2, where B = 9mhyp or 9egua, have been prepared in situ. Compared to the aqua complexes, the hydrogen bond donor molecule is lost and a rearrangement of the guanine bases is observed.
The possibility and the efficiency of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determination of distribution coefficients of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs) in aqueous samples are ...presented in this study. Influence of sample extraction conditions, extraction time, stirring rate, pH, salinity and temperature were tested to optimize extraction efficiency. Three types of fibre sorbent layers, PDMS, PDMS/DVB and PA, were tested and fibre/water distribution coefficients, Kfₛ, were calculated. The extraction efficiency for PANHs increased in the order PDMS < PA < PDMS/DVB. Values of log Kfₛ ranged from 0.2 to 2.7 for PDMS, from 0.4 to 3.6 for PA and from 1.4 to 4.4 for PDMS/DVB. The values of log Kfₛ were correlated with octanol/water distribution coefficients log Kₒw. The relationship between log Kfₛ and log Kₒw shows linear response with regression coefficient in the range of 0.985 and 0.997.
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![mer-[Ru(terpy)Cl 3] (terpy ...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0020-1693/small "mer-[Ru(terpy)Cl 3] (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) shows biological activity, forms interstrand cross-links in DNA and binds two guanine derivatives in a trans configuration")
