We first present a new service network design model for freight consolidation carriers, one that selects services and routes both commodities and resources needed to support the services that ...transport them, while explicitly recognizing that there are limits on how many resources are available at each terminal. We next present a solution approach that combines column generation, meta-heuristic, and exact optimization techniques to produce high-quality solutions. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach with an extensive computational study and benchmark its performance against both a leading commercial solver and a column generation-based heuristic.
The main aim of this article is to establish an analytical approach on the torsional postbuckling for functionally graded graphene‐reinforced composite (FG‐GRC) laminated circular cylindrical shells ...stiffened by FG‐GRC laminated stiffener system in thermal environment and subjected to torsion loads. The polymer matrixes of shell skin and stiffeners are reinforced by graphene with two graphene reinforcement directions, namely, zigzag and armchair directions. The anisotropic smeared stiffener technique for FG‐GRC stiffener system is used, and the governing equations are established based on the Donnell shell theory with von Kármán–Donnell‐type geometrical nonlinearity and the Airy's stress function. A three‐state solution of deflection is chosen and Galerkin's method is applied, the explicit forms of critical buckling torsion and expression of load‐deflection postbuckling curves relation are obtained. The effects of graphene‐reinforced composite laminated stiffeners, uniformly distributed temperature, the volume fraction of graphene of stiffened shell on the nonlinear torsional buckling behavior are numerically investigated.
Targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs has been considered to be an important therapeutic approach since it could allow a better treatment efficiency and less side effects. In this ...research, magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via the coprecipitation method and then loaded in alginate beads with berberine as a drug model for drug release application. Various factors such as pH values of the suspended environment and surface modifications of the drug carrier could be exploited to adjust the amount of drug release. More importantly, the amount of drug release could be effectively controlled by an on-off switching operation of a static magnetic field.
The tourist trip design problem is an extension of the orienteering problem applied to tourism. The problem consists in selecting a subset of locations to visit from among a larger set while ...maximizing the benefit for the tourist. The benefit is given by the sum of the rewards collected at each location visited. We consider a variant of the problem that deals not only with “typical” constraints such as budget, opening-time hours (i.e., time windows at the locations), and maximum trip duration but also with other practical tourism constraints such as mandatory visits, limits on the number of locations of each type, and the order at which selected locations are visited. To solve this problem, we propose a branch-and-check approach in which the master problem selects a subset of locations, verifying all except time-related constraints, and these locations define candidate solutions to the master problem. For each candidate solution, the sub-problem checks whether a feasible trip can be built using the given locations. To accelerate the branch-and-check approach, we propose and test improvements, including preprocessing to tighten the master-sub problem, valid inequalities generated dynamically to strengthen the master problem, and a local branching and variable neighborhood search to find new feasible solutions. Finally, we report the experimental results and compare the performance of the proposed exact algorithm with that of a mathematical solver.
•We introduce a new problem into the tourist trip design literature.•The problem is drawn from a real application in central France.•We introduce a set of 4 exact methods based on the branch-and-check framework.•We present extensive experiments comparing the performance of the 4 approaches to a state-of-the-art commercial solver.•We present a component analysis assessing the value of each algorithmic brick embedded into the approaches.
In this work, an initial value problem of Caputo–Katugampola (CK) fractional differential equations in fuzzy setting is considered and an idea of successive approximations under generalized Lipschitz ...condition is used to prove the existence and uniqueness results of the solution to the given problem. In order to obtain the above results, some necessary comparison theorems in real-valued differential equation under CK fractional derivative are established. Finally, a new technique to find analytical solutions of CK fuzzy fractional differential equations by using the solutions of fuzzy integer order differential equations is proposed. Some examples illustrating the applications of our results are presented.
Pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) is a potential actuator in human-robot interaction systems, especially rehabilitation systems. However, PAM is a nonlinear actuator with uncertainty and a ...considerable delay in characteristics, making control challenging. This study presents a discrete-time sliding mode control approach combined with the adaptive fuzzy algorithm (AFSMC) to deal with the unknown disturbance of the PAM-based actuator. The developed fuzzy logic system has parameter vectors of the component rules that are automatically updated by an adaptive law. Consequently, the developed fuzzy logic system can reasonably approximate the system disturbance. When operating the PAM-based system in multi-scenario studies, experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed strategy.
This study aimed to analyze the Salmonella serovars, measure the minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials, and examine the antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella isolated from 192 ...broiler flocks in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan, from 2013 to 2016. We found that all Salmonella isolates belonged to three serovars: Salmonella Manhattan, S. Infantis, and S. Schwarzengrund. Among them, S. Schwarzengrund prevalence has recently increased annually making the main serovar. Most recovered isolates were highly resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycline. We saw the reduction of third-generation cephalosporin resistance and identified the reason of increased kanamycin resistance to be the increased number of S. Schwazengrund isolates. Among the kanamycin-resistant Salmonella isolates, aphA1 constituted the main resistance gene detected.
Nonlinear buckling and postbuckling of longitudinally compressed carbon nanotube‐reinforced (CNTR) cylindrical shells stiffened by longitudinal or circumferential CNTR stiffeners in thermal ...environments surrounded by elastic medium are presented in the present study. Five linear distributions of CNT are considered for the shell‐stiffener structure system and they are modeled by innovation homogenization technique for CNTR stiffeners. Based on the classical Donnell thin shell theory with von Karman's nonlinearities and the Galerkin procedure, the governing equations can be built to analyze the critical buckling compression and postbuckling compression‐deflection and compression‐shortening behavior. The noticeable effects of volume fraction of CNTs, shell‐foundation interaction stiffnesses, uniformly distributed temperature, and geometric properties of stiffened cylindrical shells on the critical buckling compression and compression‐deflection and compression‐shortening postbuckling behaviors of stiffened CNTR cylindrical shells are obtained and remarked in numerical examinations.
Nonlinear buckling and postbuckling of longitudinally compressed carbon nanotube‐reinforced (CNTR) cylindrical shells stiffened by longitudinal or circumferential CNTR stiffeners in thermal environments surrounded by elastic medium are presented in the present study. Five linear distributions of CNT are considered for the shell‐stiffener structure system and they are modeled by innovation homogenization technique for CNTR stiffeners.…
Chemical and pharmacological studies of Panax vietnamensis (Vietnamese ginseng; VG) have been reported since its discovery in 1973. However, the content of each saponin in different parts of VG has ...not been reported. In this study, 17 ginsenosides in the different underground parts of P. vietnamensis were analyzed by HPLC/evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Their contents in the dried rhizome, radix, and fine roots were 195, 156, and 139 mg/g, respectively, which were extremely high compared to other Panax species. The content of protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type saponins were not much different among underground parts; however, the content of protopanaxadiol (PPD)- and ocotillol (OCT)-type saponins were greatly different. It is noteworthy that the ginsenoside pattern in the fine roots is different from other underground parts. In particular, despite the content of PPD-type saponins being the highest in the fine roots, which is similar to other Panax species, the total content of saponins was the lowest in the fine roots, which is different from other Panax species. The ratios of PPT : PPD : OCT-type saponins were 1 : 1.7 : 7.8, 1 : 1.6 : 5.5, and 1 : 4.8 : 3.3 for the rhizome, radix, and fine roots, respectively. OCT-type saponins accounted for 36–75% of total saponins and contributed mostly to the difference in the total saponin content of each part.
Introduction
Genetic mutations of PROC and PROS1 are well‐known risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the Asian population. However, the genetic profile of Vietnamese patients with DVT ...remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the spectrum of genetic mutations of these two genes in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT.
Materials and methods
A total of 50 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT were recruited in this study. The entire coding regions of the protein C and protein S genes were amplified and directly sequenced to determine genetic alterations.
Results
Four and six genetic mutations were detected in protein C and protein S genes, respectively, in 24 Vietnamese DVT patients. PROC c.565C > T (p.R189W) was the most common mutation found in 13 out of 50 patients, while the mutations of PROS1 comprised three missense and three nonsense variants which diffuse along the gene.
Conclusions
This study shows that mutations of protein C and protein S genes are prevalent in Vietnamese patients diagnosed with idiopathic DVT, and PROC c.565C > T (p.R189W) was the most common genetic alteration.
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