Since the number of academic specializations and disciplines has consistently been increasing, it has become necessary to supplement present classifications and categorizations, as well as come up ...with new ones, on a regular basis. Therefore, it has become feasible to distinguish a new branch of science as well as to assign the existing disciplines to different branches. It is owing to such a process that political sciences have been reassigned in Poland. Before September 30, 2011, political sciences had been categorized as the humanities, but later on they were encompassed by a new branch of social sciences, created as a result of the division of the humanities. I adopt the thesis that this decision was substantially justified since, given current legal status quo, political sciences as a discipline have more in common with other disciplines assigned to social sciences than the humanities. Additionally, by way of developing a new register of disciplines, the administrative divisions in Polish science were to a large extent aligned with the classification of branches and disciplines adopted by the OECD, UNESCO and Eurostat, which will facilitate the internationalization of academic collaboration. The above organizations and institutions, and – consequently – some of their member states, have already divided the humanities, sometimes also named social sciences, into two separate branches: social sciences and humanities. In order to justify the above‑mentioned thesis it was necessary to determine how academic specialization, discipline, branch and field of science are perceived today; to indicate the determinants of divisions in science and basic criteria for such divisions; to attempt to define the specific nature of the humanities versus social sciences; and to present the factors confirming the relation of political science to the latter category.
The last couple of decades have brought a significant increase in personal movement from and to Poland. In consequence, it is very probable that the issues of linguistic diversity and linguistic ...inclusion more and more frequently will become subjects of multi-level and multi-institutional discussion reshaping the Polish public sphere. It is a matter of consideration which institutions will take leading positions in this debate, formulating main narratives and polemics. However, answering its advisory and opinion-making responsibilities, the Polish Language Council may be expected as one among the crucial actors in this discourse. The article presents pivotal attitudes of the Council’s members referring to the problem of linguistic diversity and linguistic inclusion in Poland. The presentation of the sources is combined with endeavours to answer the question: Do these materials allow considering the Council as a strong candidate for an essential designer of incoming public debate on linguistic diversity and linguistic inclusion in Poland? The research is conducted concerning the main assumptions of Joshua Fishman’s (1997) sociology of language and Harold Schiffman’s (2006) analysis of language policies as parts of linguistic cultures. Moreover, the methodological foundation of the text is supported by a general theoretical framework of historical institutionalism, and finally by Peter M. Haas’s conceptualisation of 'epistemic community.'
A strategic geographic location at the crossroads of Eurasia, makes Central Asia an arena of fierce rivalry between great powers. The development of transport and communications infrastructure in the ...region as well as resource wealth rapidly change its status in geopolitical arena.
This collection explores the European Union's growing substantial geopolitical interest and presence in Central Asia. Authors analyze changes in the EU's economy, trade and investment relations with the region. They not only explain why the Central Asian region was until recently not regarded by the EU's trade and investment as a priority but identify the potential areas of cooperation, including water management, energy and transport. Authors discuss European engagement in various energy projects aiming mainly to secure energy supply and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This book also examines the EU's strategy priorities towards Central Asia; i.e. democracy, human rights, rule of law, and good governance. The collection provides clear, concise and fresh explanations of relations between the EU and Central Asian states. An important book recommended for professionals and students of political science and international relations.
The article attempts to determine the specifics of communication studies, its place and role in the system of scientific disciplines. The author emphasizes the importance of development of this ...science, especially in today’s conditions of constant growth of threats and challenges in the social communication process. The main arguments of the author are as follows: firstly, communication studies will give new opportunities for theoretical and practical study of social communication processes; secondly, in the age of globalization, development of communication studies is a factor for the further development of science in general, as well as social life in all its dimensions. Discussing with the theorists, the author of the article tends in his thoughts to an interpretation proposed by T. Kotarbinski that “the science is any set of human knowledge where one can distinguish the subject of intellectual study and specific specialization” 5.
The specificity of communication studies corresponds to these basic criteria: firstly, it has a relatively defined subject of study and the field of research (all that is related to communication of people and social groups); secondly, for research in this area there is an inexhaustible array of open sources of information; thirdly, there is a developed
network of scientific institutions on the basis of which it is possible to develop and implement such researches; fourthly, the advances in the field of communication studies will always have not only theoretical value, but also practical application in the institutions of higher education, where the specialists of corresponding specialization are
educated and trained. According to the results of the research, the author comes to the idea that communication studies belong to the sphere of social sciences. For the proof of this concept, the scientist provides for a number of arguments.
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