Three series of alkoxy chain-bearing azobenzene-derived quaternary ammonium iodides with an alkoxy chain at one end, namely
N
,
N
-diethanol-6-(4-((4′-alkyloxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexan-1-ammonium ...iodides,
N
-ethyl-
N
-ethanol-6-(4-((4′-alkyloxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexan-1-ammonium iodides and
N
,
N
-diethyl-6-(4-((4′-alkyloxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenoxy)hexan-1-ammonium iodides were synthesized and characterized. Their mesomorphic and photoswitching properties were examined
via
polarising optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV-vis spectrophotometry. The liquid crystalline tilted schlieren texture of smectic C, non-tilted natural focal conic texture of smectic A and smectic B phases were observed in the
N
,
N
-diethanol- and
N
-ethyl-
N
-ethanol-bearing ammonium group substituted at the terminal
via
the alkoxy chain of the azo moiety. In these azo moieties, the equilibrium time for
trans
-
cis
isomerization was about 1 min and
cis
-
trans
isomerization occurred at around 590 min, which had the highest alkoxy chain and no hydroxyl group on their head group. The absence of a hydroxyl group on the terminal head group resulted in slow thermal back relaxation, whereas the hydroxyl group-bearing head group showed fast thermal back relaxation. These results suggest that the influence of the substituent on the cationic ammonium head group and alkoxy chain length on the photoisomerization of the azo compounds is vital for optical storage devices. Furthermore, the device fabricated using these materials demonstrated that they are excellent candidates for optical image storage applications.
Effect of Photoresponsive behaviour of hydrophilic/hydrophobic based novel azobenzene's. Powerful structure property relationship. Light plays the dominant role in photoisomerization properties.
High-performance and long-pulse operation is a crucial goal of current magnetic fusion research. Here, we demonstrate a high-connement plasma regime known as an H-mode with a record pulse length of ...over 30 s in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak sustained by lower hybrid wave current drive (LHCD) with advanced lithium wall conditioning. We nd that LHCD provides a exible boundary control for a ubiquitous edge instability in H-mode plasmas known as an edge-localized mode, which leads to a marked reduction in the heat load on the vessel wall compared with standard edge-localized modes. LHCD also induces edge plasma ergodization that broadens the heat deposition footprint. The heat transport caused by this ergodization can be actively controlled by regulating the edge plasma conditions. This potentially offers a new means for heat-ux control, which is a key issue for next-step fusion development. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Abstract Neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque caused by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and the induced toroidal momentum transport are investigated for International Thermonuclear ...Experimental Reactor (ITER) scenarios through numerical modeling. The NTV torque is calculated using the NTVTOK code including the bounce-drift resonant effect, and the toroidal rotation evolution is modeled by solving a toroidal momentum transport equation that couples momentum source (NTV torque) and the momentum diffusion effect. The variation of RMP coil phasing (defined as toroidal phase difference between different rows of RMP coils) results in different types of plasma response and hence different features of NTV torque and toroidal momentum transport. The bounce-drift resonant effect enhances NTV torque and induces more significant toroidal rotation variation than simulations that adopt the bounce-averaged NTV model. With the initial rotation of the ITER design, plasma rotation is braked by NTV torque, but it may be sustained at moderate amplitude due to electron contributions to NTV torque. It is also found that initially static or slowly rotating plasma can be accelerated by NTV torque either toward co- I p or counter- I p ( I p indicates plasma current) direction, indicating that NTV torque can be regarded as a momentum source for plasma with low torque injection; for instance, radio-frequency heated plasma.
Though new targeted therapies for colorectal cancer, which progresses from local intestinal tumors to metastatic disease, are being developed, tumor specificity remains an important problem, and side ...effects a major concern. Here, we show that the protein-fatty acid complex BAMLET (bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) can act as a peroral treatment for colorectal cancer. Apc
mice, which carry mutations relevant to hereditary and sporadic human colorectal cancer, that received BAMLET in the drinking water showed long-term protection against tumor development and decreased expression of tumor growth-, migration-, metastasis- and angiogenesis-related genes. BAMLET treatment via drinking water inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and PD-1 signaling pathways and prolonged survival without evidence of toxicity. Systemic disease in the lungs, livers, spleens, and kidneys, which accompanied tumor progression, was inhibited by BAMLET treatment. The metabolic response to BAMLET included carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were inhibited in tumor prone Apc
mice and weakly regulated in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting potential health benefits of peroral BAMLET administration in addition to the potent antitumor effects. Together, these findings suggest that BAMLET administration in the drinking water maintains antitumor pressure by removing emergent cancer cells and reprogramming gene expression in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues.
Abstract
The transition temperature
T
c
of unconventional superconductivity is often tunable. For a monolayer of FeSe, for example, the sweet spot is uniquely bound to titanium-oxide substrates. By ...contrast for La
2−x
Sr
x
CuO
4
thin films, such substrates are sub-optimal and the highest
T
c
is instead obtained using LaSrAlO
4
. An outstanding challenge is thus to understand the optimal conditions for superconductivity in thin films: which microscopic parameters drive the change in
T
c
and how can we tune them? Here we demonstrate, by a combination of x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, how the Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction of La
2
CuO
4
thin films can be enhanced by compressive strain. Our experiments and theoretical calculations establish that the substrate producing the largest
T
c
under doping also generates the largest nearest neighbour hopping integral, Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction. We hence suggest optimising the parent Mott state as a strategy for enhancing the superconducting transition temperature in cuprates.
The transition temperature T
of unconventional superconductivity is often tunable. For a monolayer of FeSe, for example, the sweet spot is uniquely bound to titanium-oxide substrates. By contrast for ...La
Sr
CuO
thin films, such substrates are sub-optimal and the highest T
is instead obtained using LaSrAlO
. An outstanding challenge is thus to understand the optimal conditions for superconductivity in thin films: which microscopic parameters drive the change in T
and how can we tune them? Here we demonstrate, by a combination of x-ray absorption and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, how the Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction of La
CuO
thin films can be enhanced by compressive strain. Our experiments and theoretical calculations establish that the substrate producing the largest T
under doping also generates the largest nearest neighbour hopping integral, Coulomb and magnetic-exchange interaction. We hence suggest optimising the parent Mott state as a strategy for enhancing the superconducting transition temperature in cuprates.
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