Muscle fatigue is a common complaint in clinical practice. In humans, muscle fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced decrease in the ability to produce force. Here, to provide a general ...understanding and describe potential therapies for muscle fatigue, we summarize studies on muscle fatigue, including topics such as the sequence of events observed during force production, in vivo fatigue-site evaluation techniques, diagnostic markers and non-specific but effective treatments.
Stimulus-responsive biodegradable nanocarriers with tumor-selective targeted drug delivery are critical for cancer therapy. Herein, we report for the first time a redox-responsive disulfide-linked ...porphyrin covalent organic framework (COF) that can be nanocrystallized by glutathione (GSH)-triggered biodegradation. After loading 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), the generated nanoscale COF-based multifunctional nanoagent can be further effectively dissociated by endogenous GSH in tumor cells, releasing 5-Fu efficiently to achieve selective chemotherapy on tumor cells. Together with the GSH depletion-enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT), an ideal synergistic tumor therapy for MCF-7 breast cancer
via
ferroptosis is achieved. In this research, the therapeutic efficacy was significantly improved in terms of enhanced combined anti-tumor efficiency and reduced side effects by responding to significant abnormalities such as high concentrations of GSH in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
Stimulus-responsive biodegradable nanocarriers with tumor-selective targeted drug delivery are critical for cancer therapy.
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•Physical stable essential oil nanoemulsions are fabricated using microfludizer.•The chemical composition of essential oil impact antifungal activity.•The chemical composition of ...essential oil impact mycotoxin inhibitory activity.•Nanoemulsion platform enhances mycotoxin inhibitory activity of essential oils.
The influence of homogenization conditions on selected essential oil (thyme, lemongrass, cinnamon, peppermint, and clove)-in-water nanoemulsion formation and stability was investigated. Physically stable essential oil nanoemulsions could be fabricated by a microfludizer under optimized processing conditions (10,000 psi and 2 passes). The chemical compositions of EOs was characterized using GC–MS. The antifungal activity and mycotoxin inhibitory activity of essential oils in both bulk and nanoemulsion forms were determined using two isolates of Fusarium graminearum. The major chemical components of essential oil had a remarkable impact on long term physical stability, antifungal activity, and inhibition of mycotoxin production. With regard to inhibition of mycotoxin production, the mycotoxin inhibitory activity of essential oils was enhanced considerably in nanoemulsion form, which was attributed to greater solubility of the essential oils. It was also noted that the same essential oils exhibited significant differences in inhibition of mycotoxin production in the two isolates of F. graminearum.
The incidence of colorectal cancer (colorectal cancer, CRC) in China has increased in recent years, and its mortality rate has become one of the highest among all cancers. CRC also increasingly ...affects people's health and quality of life, and the workloads of medical doctors have further increased due to the lack of sufficient medical resources in China. The goal of this study was to construct an automated expert system using a deep learning technique to predict the probability of early stage CRC based on the patient's case report and the patient's attributes. Compared with previous prediction methods, which are either based on sophisticated examinations or have high computational complexity, this method is shown to provide valuable information such as suggesting potentially important early signs to assist in early diagnosis, early treatment and prevention of CRC, hence helping medical doctors reduce the workloads of endoscopies and other treatments.
The only Food and Drug Administration‐approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke is tissue plasminogen activator, and the discovery of novel therapeutic targets is critical. Here, we found ...orosomucoid (ORM), an acute‐phase protein mainly produced by the liver, might act as a treatment candidate for an ischemic stroke. The results showed that ORM2 is the dominant subtype in mice normal brain tissue. After middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the level of ORM2 is significantly increased in the ischemic penumbra compared with the contralateral normal brain tissue, whereas ORM1 knockout did not affect the infarct size. Exogenous ORM could significantly decrease infarct size and neurological deficit score. Inspiringly, the best administration time point was at 4.5 and 6 hr after MCAO. ORM could markedly decrease the Evans blue extravasation, and improve blood–brain barrier‐associated proteins expression in the ischemic penumbra of MACO mice and oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)‐treated bEnd3 cells. Meanwhile, ORM could significantly alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the production of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), reduce oxidative stress by improving the balance of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), inhibit apoptosis by decreasing caspase‐3 activity in ischemic penumbra of MCAO mice and OGD‐treated bEnd.3 cells. Because of its protective role at multiple levels, ORM might be a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Herein, we report an indocyanine green (ICG)-decorated and glucose oxidase (GOx)-loaded nanoscale composite COF material
a stepwise post-synthetic modification. The obtained GOx@COF-ICG can achieve ...synergistic inhibition of intracellular heat defense systems through starvation therapy to enhance photothermal therapy of tumors.
Herein, we report the first reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive dithioketal-linked covalent organic framework (COF) for synergetic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. The ...singlet oxygen (
O
)-responsive COF dissociation and DC_AC50 drug release complement and reinforce each other to allow an efficient combination of PDT and chemotherapy.
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and self-assembly in a single step with distinct efficiency that has set it apart from the conventional solution self-assembly ...processes. PISA holds great promise for large-scale production, not only because of its efficient process for producing nano/micro-particles with high solid content, but also thanks to the facile control over the particle size and morphology. Since its invention, many research groups around the world have developed new and creative approaches to broaden the scope of PISA initiations, morphologies and applications,
etc.
The growing interest in PISA is certainly reflected in the increasing number of publications over the past few years, and in this review, we aim to summarize these recent advances in the emerging aspects of RAFT-mediated PISA. These include (1) non-thermal initiation processes, such as photo-, enzyme-, redox- and ultrasound-initiation; the achievements of (2) high-order structures, (3) hybrid materials and (4) stimuli-responsive nano-objects by design and adopting new monomers and new processes; (5) the efforts in the realization of upscale production by utilization of high throughput technologies, and finally the (6) applications of current PISA nano-objects in different fields and (7) its future directions.
A review that summarizes recent advances in the emerging field of polymerization-induced self-assembly. Topics ranging from initiation processes, morphologies and complex functional materials to applications and future directions are covered.
Berberine has many pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant, but the question remains on how its low oral bioavailability has greatly limited ...its clinical application. As a safer hypoglycemic agent, we must evaluate the bioavailability of berberine organic acid salts (BOAs) to ensure that the bioavailability of berberine is not negatively affected. It has been proven that the bioavailability of BOAs is higher than that of BH (berberine hydrochloride); especially BF (berberine fumarate) and BS (berberine succinate), which are improved by 1.278-fold and 1.313-fold, respectively. After 1 h of oral administration, berberine mainly acted on the stomach of mice, it also influenced the liver, kidney, lungs, and intestines after 4 h. The accumulation of BF in the lung is more evident than BH. Our analysis shows that these results are closely related to the regulation of organic acids and berberine in the intestinal tract, they also indicate the influence of intestinal flora on berberine metabolism.
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