(MR) is rich in anthocyanins, and it has good anti-cancer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. The proportion of disability and death caused by ischemic stroke gradually increased, ...becoming a major disease that is harmful to human health. However, research on effects of anthocyanin from MR on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is rare. In this study, we prepared eight purified anthocyanin extracts (PAEs) from different types of MR, and examined the amounts of total anthocyanin (TA) and cyanidin-3-
-glucoside (C-3-G). After one week of PAE treatment, the cerebral infarction volume, disease damage, and contents of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were reduced, while the level of superoxide dismutase was increased in I/R mice. Altogether, our results show that Boqi¹ MR contained the most TA (22.07%) and C-3-G (21.28%), and that PAE isolated from Dongkui MR can protect the brain from I/R injury in mice, with the mechanism possibly related to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) pathways.
Fibrin glue has been widely used as a surgical sealing and hemostatic agent. Its application is restricted due to poor tissue adhesion and low mechanical strength. To develop better tissue sealant ...and hemostatic agent, this study prepared the injectable hydrogels by chemically cross‐linking gelatin (G) with or without hyaluronic acid (HA) in situ at a mild condition. The rheological analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling, proteolytic degradation, biocompatibility, tissue sealing, and hemostatic ability of the hydrogels were investigated. It was found that the chemical cross‐linking rapidly formed in both self‐crosslinking gelatin (sc‐G) and gelatin/hyaluronate acid (G/HA) hydrogels. The hydrogels could be degraded by trypsin and had a desirable biocompatibility. The tissue sealing ability of the hydrogels was superior to fibrin glue. Furthermore, the G/HA hydrogel had similar hemostatic performance as fibrin glue, and was better than that of gelatin hydrogel. The results in the study indicated that the G/HA hydrogel could be used in clinic as a tissue sealant or surgical hemostat.
The structural evolution of electrochemically prelithiated Fe2O3 nanoparticles confined in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) during lithium insertion/extraction is studied by in situ transmission electron ...microscopy. It is found that the aggregation and coarsening of Fe core‐containing Li2O (Fe@Li2O) nanograins formed during the charge process are prevented by the spatial restriction of the CNTs. A high reversible capacity of 2071 mA h g−1 for the encapsulated Fe2O3 nanoparticles in CNTs is demonstrated when the material is used as the anode of lithium ion batteries. This is the highest reversible capacity ever reported for an Fe2O3 electrode. The significantly improved lithium storage capacity of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles is attributed to the extra lithium storage due to the enhanced interfacial lithium storage and reversible reaction of LiOH to form LiH and solid‐electrolyte‐interphase conversion originating from the nanoconfinement of CNTs as well as the very small particle size of the Fe@Li2O nanograins and their good electrical contact with CNTs.
An in situ transmission electron microscopy study reveals that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) accommodate volume expansion of lithiated Fe2O3 nanoparticles and prevent their exfoliation and electrical disconnection, hence leading to improved lithium‐storage performance. A high lithium‐storage‐capacity is achieved for the Fe2O3 confined inside CNTs, due to the enhanced interfacial lithium reaction, reversible reaction of LiOH, and solid‐electrolyte‐interphase conversion by the CNT nanoconfinement.
Metabolic status is crucial for stem cell functions; however, the metabolic heterogeneity of endogenous stem cells has never been directly assessed. Here, we develop a platform for high-throughput ...single-cell metabolomics (hi-scMet) of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). By combining flow cytometric isolation and nanoparticle-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, we routinely detected >100 features from single cells. We mapped the single-cell metabolomes of all hematopoietic cell populations and HSC subpopulations with different division times, detecting 33 features whose levels exhibited trending changes during HSC proliferation. We found progressive activation of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OxiPPP) from dormant to active HSCs. Genetic or pharmacological interference with OxiPPP increased reactive oxygen species level in HSCs, reducing HSC self-renewal upon oxidative stress. Together, our work uncovers the metabolic dynamics during HSC proliferation, reveals a role of OxiPPP for HSC activation, and illustrates the utility of hi-scMet in dissecting metabolic heterogeneity of immunophenotypically defined cell populations.
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•Hi-scMet is developed as a high-throughput, single-cell metabolomics method•Single-cell metabolomes of all hematopoietic cell populations are mapped by hi-scMet•Hi-scMet reveals the metabolic dynamics during HSC proliferation•The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is involved in HSC activation
Cao, Yao, and Wu et al. develop a high-throughput single-cell metabolomics method: hi-scMet. With this tool, they draw a metabolomic blueprint of all hematopoietic cell populations and uncover the metabolic heterogeneity of hematopoietic stem cells with different division times, identifying key metabolic pathways involved in stem cell activation upon stress.
Adhesions frequently occur after abdominal surgery. Many anti-adhesion products have been used in clinic. However, the evidences are short for surgeons to reasonably choose the suitable anti-adhesion ...produces in clinical practice. This study provided such evidence by comparing the efficiency of five products to prevent abdominal adhesion formation in a rat model.
Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: sham-operation group, adhesion group, and five product groups (n = 8). The abdomens of rats were opened. The injuries were created on abdominal wall and cecum in the adhesion and product groups. The wounds on abdominal wall and cecum of rats in the adhesion group were not treated before the abdomens were closed. The wounds on abdominal wall and cecum of rats in the product groups were covered with anti-adhesion product: polylactic acid (PLA) film, Seprafilm®, medical polyethylene glycol berberine liquid (PEG), medical sodium hyaluronate gel (HA), or medical chitosan (Chitosan). Fourteen days after surgery, the adhesions were evaluated by incidence, severity, adhesion area on abdominal wall and adhesion breaking strength.
The application of PLA film and Seprafilm® significantly reduced the incidence, severity, adhesion area and breaking strength of cecum-abdomen adhesion (P<0.05). HA, PEG and Chitosan failed to significantly reduce the cecum-abdomen adhesion (P>0.05). The statistical significances in the incidence and severity of abdomen-adipose adhesion between adhesion group and the product groups were not achieved. However, Seprafilm® was more effective to reduce abdomen-adipose adhesion than PLA film. Furthermore, it was found that the products tested in this study did not effectively reduce cecum-adipose adhesion. The application of PEG could result in abdomen-small intestine adhesion.
Based on the results of this study, the preference order of anti-adhesion products used to reduce postsurgical intra-abdominal adhesion formation is Seprafilm > PLA >> HA > Chitosan > PEG.
This study aimed to investigate the cell cycle arrest and autophagy induced by iron overload in MC3T3‐E1 cells. MC3T3‐E1 cells were cultured in different concentrations of ferric ammonium citrate ...(FAC), and Perls’ Prussian blue reaction was used to detect the iron levels of the cells. CCK‐8 assays were used to detect the growth of MC3T3‐E1. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells was investigated with DCFH‐DA. PI staining was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Finally, the expression levels of cell cycle related proteins, autophagy related proteins, AKT, p38 MAPK, Stat3, and their downstream proteins were detected with Western blot assays. The results showed that the iron levels of MC3T3‐E1 cells increased with increasing concentrations of FAC. High levels of ferric ion inhibited proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and increased their ROS levels. Additionally, iron overload induced G1arrest in MC3T3‐E1 cells and down‐regulated the expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6, but up‐regulated p27 Kip1. In addition, the expression levels of Beclin‐1 and LC3 II increased, but that of p62 decreased. Further experiments showed that the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream proteins p‐GSK‐3β(Ser9) and p‐mTOR (Ser2448) were decreased. The levels of p‐p38 and p53 were up‐regulated while those of cdc25A and p‐ERK 1/2 were down‐regulated. Phosphorylation of Stat3 and its downstream proteins was all decreased. These results show that iron overload generates ROS, blocks the PI3K/AKT and Jak/Stat3 signal pathways, and activates p38 MAPK, subsequently inducing G1 arrest and autophagy in MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Iron overload generates ROS, blocks the PI3K/AKT and Jak/Stat3 signal pathways, and activates p38 MAPK, subsequently inducing G1 arrest and autophagy in MC3T3‐E1 cells.
•Generalized actual inverse kinematic model (IKM) for compensating geometric errors in five-axis machine tools is proposed, which provides explicit solution for the compensated motion commands.•The ...proposed actual IKM can be directly applied to five-axis machine tools with arbitrary configurations, especially for those with non-orthogonal rotary axes.•A new subproblem of robotic field, i.e. Paden-Kahan subproblem2′, is defined and its solution is derived in detail.•By introducing the incremental motion commands of translational axes, solution to the actual IKM does not explicitly include the geometric error items, which greatly simplifies the model’s and solution’s formulations.•Effectiveness, feasibility and universality of the proposed actual IKM are verified by simulation and experiments.
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Geometric errors of five-axis machine tools, i.e. position independent and position dependent geometric errors (PIGEs and PDGEs), should be compensated in order to improve the machining precision of workpieces. To achieve this purpose, this paper proposes a generalized actual inverse kinematic model (IKM), which provides explicit solution for the compensated motion commands and can be directly applied to five-axis machine tools with arbitrary configurations, especially for those with non-orthogonal rotary axes. The typical characteristic of this model lies in three aspects. First, it is the first effort to compensate both PIGEs and PDGEs in a generalized way. Second, it provides an explicit solution for changing the motion commands of the machine tool’s axes so that the geometric errors can be compensated. Third, as the configuration of machine tool changes, the model can be directly used without additional theoretical derivations, which is usually required by existing methods. Rotation-constrained equation is newly formulated and its solution is derived in detail to obtain the compensated motion commands of rotary axes. By introducing the incremental motion commands of translational axes, the solution to the actual IKM does not explicitly include the geometric error items and the model’s formulations are greatly simplified. Simulation results verify the effectiveness, feasibility and universality of the proposed method. Experimental results confirm that the machined workpiece has a remarkable precision improvement by using the proposed compensation method.
Among all typical transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), the bandgap of α‐MoTe2 is smallest and is close to that of conventional 3D Si. The properties of α‐MoTe2 make it a favorable candidate for ...future electronic devices. Even though there are a few reports regarding fabrication of complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverters or p–n junction by controlling the charge‐carrier polarity of TMDs, the fabrication process is complicated. Here, a straightforward selective doping technique is demonstrated to fabricate a 2D p–n junction diode and CMOS inverter on a single α‐MoTe2 nanoflake. The n‐doped channel of a single α‐MoTe2 nanoflake is selectively converted to a p‐doped region via laser‐irradiation‐induced MoOx doping. The homogeneous 2D MoTe2 CMOS inverter has a high DC voltage gain of 28, desirable noise margin (NMH = 0.52 VDD, NML = 0.40 VDD), and an AC gain of 4 at 10 kHz. The results show that the doping technique by laser scan can be potentially used for future larger‐scale MoTe2 CMOS circuits.
In this work, stable CMOS inverters and p–n junctions are simultaneously prepared in a single MoTe2 nanoflake using selective laser‐irradiation‐induced p‐type doping. The p‐type doping effect is ascribed to intended production MoOx. This work demonstrates the advantage of the selective doping technique in MoTe2 film by using laser scan, and its great potential application in CMOS circuits’ fabrication.
Background: Contemporary clinical expertise and emerging research in anterior knee pain indicate that treatment of hip muscle function will result in greater effects, if such treatments can be ...provided to those with hip muscle dysfunction. Thus, it is imperative to develop and evaluate a clinical assessment tool that is capable of identifying people with poor hip muscle function.
Hypothesis: The clinical assessment of single-leg squat performance will have acceptable inter- and intrarater reliability. Furthermore, people with good performance on the single-leg squat will have better hip muscle function (earlier onset of gluteus medius activity and greater lateral trunk, hip abduction, and external rotation strength) than people with poor performance.
Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.
Methods: A consensus panel of 5 experienced clinicians developed criteria to rate the performance of a single-leg squat task as “good,” “fair,” or “poor.” The panel rated the performance of 34 asymptomatic participants (mean ± SD: age, 24 ± 5 y; height, 1.69 ± 0.10 m; weight, 65.0 ± 10.7 kg), and these ratings served as the standard. The ratings of 3 different clinicians were compared with those of the consensus panel ratings (interrater reliability) and to their own rating on 2 occasions (intrarater reliability). For the participants rated as good performers (n = 9) and poor performers (n = 12), hip muscle strength (hip abduction, external rotation, and trunk side bridge) and onset timing of anterior (AGM) and posterior gluteus medius (PGM) electromyographic activity were compared.
Results: Concurrency with the consensus panel was excellent to substantial for the 3 raters (agreement 87%-73%; κ = 0.800-0.600). Similarly, intrarater agreement was excellent to substantial (agreement 87%-73%; κ = 0.800-0.613). Participants rated as good performers had significantly earlier onset timing of AGM (mean difference, –152; 95% confidence interval CI, –258 to –48 ms) and PGM (mean difference, –115; 95% CI, –227 to –3 ms) electromyographic activity than those who were rated as poor performers. The good performers also exhibited greater hip abduction torque (mean difference, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.10-0.83 N·m·Bw−1) and trunk side flexion force (mean difference, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.25-1.91 N·Bw−1). There was no difference in hip external rotation torque (P > .05) between the 2 groups.
Conclusion: Targeted treatments, although considered ideal, rely on the capacity to identify subgroups of people with chronic anterior knee pain who might respond optimally to a given treatment component. Clinical assessment of performance on the single-leg squat task is a reliable tool that may be used to identify people with hip muscle dysfunction.
Epidemiological studies show inconsistent findings on the association of dietary fiber intake with risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Herein, we aim to conduct a meta-analysis of published studies to ...determine the role of dietary fiber in prevention of MetS.
A systematical search in PubMed and Embase databases through December 2016, together with reference scrutiny of relevant literature, was performed to identify studies for inclusion. We aggregated the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS using a random effect model. Dose–response relationship between fiber intake and MetS was also evaluated.
This meta-analysis included 8 cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies, totaling 28,241 participants and 9140 MetS cases. The highest versus lowest fiber intake was associated with a reduced risk of MetS (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79–0.92; P = 0.005), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 64%, P = 0.001) across studies. The benefit of fiber intake was significant among cross-sectional studies (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78–0.92; P < 0.001) but not among cohort studies (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70–1.06; P = 0.16). In dose–response analysis, we found a curvilinear relationship between fiber consumption and prevalence of MetS. Compared with non-fiber intake, the ORs (95% CIs) of MetS across fiber intake levels were 0.85 (0.79–0.91), 0.76 (0.67–0.85), 0.73 (0.65–0.83), and 0.73 (0.65–0.82) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/d, respectively.
Dietary fiber intake is associated with less likelihood of having MetS. Additional large, prospective studies are warranted to enhance our findings.
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