Exploring low‐cost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with remarkable activity over wide pH range (0–14) still remains an enormous challenge. Herein, for the first time, a novel ...platinum‐like, double‐deck carbon coated V8C7 networks with the highly active (110) facet exposed as a new efficient HER electrocatalyst is reported. The single‐crystal interweaved V8C7 networks are designed and fabricated based on a low crystal‐mismatch strategy and confinement effect of double‐deck carbon coating. In addition, electrochemical tests and theoretical simulation indicate that the metallic character of V8C7, high‐activity of exposed facet, and low barrier energy for water dissociation can contribute to highly catalytic activity of HER. Impressively, the HER performances of the interweaved V8C7 networks can be comparable to those of Pt at an all‐pH environment, with Tafel slopes of 44, 64, and 34.5 mV dec−1and overpotential of 47, 77, and 38 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, 0.1 m phosphate buffer, and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively. This work provides a blueprint for exploring new‐type platinum‐like catalysts for various energy conversion systems.
A novel platinum‐like V8C7 electrocatalyst is designed and fabricated based on the confinement effect of double‐deck carbon coating and a low crystal‐mismatch strategy. The single‐crystal interweaved V8C7 networks deliver remarkable catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction in the whole range of pH.
The exploration of Cr3+-doped near-infrared (NIR) phosphors for light-emitting diodes has attracted widespread attention. In this work, we present a fluoride double perovskite K2LiScF6:Cr3+ ...NIR-emitting phosphor through a co-precipitation method. It was found that the Cr3+ activators undergo a weak crystal field and present a NIR emission band peaking at 768 nm under blue light excitation (430 nm). Meanwhile, the K2LiScF6:Cr3+ exhibits a high activation energy (0.537 eV), a weak electron-phonon coupling (EPC) effect and a remarkable photoluminescence thermal stability at 423 K, with an intensity of 95.1% of that at room temperature. Profiting from the luminescent properties, clear night vision images and human palm vein photographs were realized by coating the K2LiScF6:Cr3+ phosphor on a blue InGaN chip and using it as a lighting source, suggesting its applicability in light-emitting diodes for NIR spectroscopy applications.
•A novel near-infrared phosphor of K2LiScF6:Cr3+ has been synthesized.•The low thermal quenching behavior of Cr3+ in K2LiScF6 host was verified.•The applications of K2LiScF6:Cr3+ for night vision and vein imaging were evaluated.
2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) based photodetectors have shown great potential for the next generation optoelectronics. However, most of the reported MoS2 photodetectors function under ...the photogating effect originated from the charge‐trap mechanism, which is difficult for quantitative control. Such devices generally suffer from a poor compromise between response speed and responsivity (R) and large dark current. Here, a dual‐gated (DG) MoS2 phototransistor operating based on the interface coupling effect (ICE) is demonstrated. By simultaneously applying a negative top‐gate voltage (VTG) and positive back‐gate voltage (VBG) to the MoS2 channel, the photogenerated holes can be effectively trapped in the depleted region under TG. An ultrahigh R of ≈105 A W−1 and detectivity (D*) of ≈1014 Jones are achieved in several devices with different thickness under Pin of 53 µW cm−2 at VTG = −5 V. Moreover, the response time of the DG phototransistor can also be modulated based on the ICE. Based on these systematic measurements of MoS2 DG phototransistors, the results show that the ICE plays an important role in the modulation of photoelectric performances. The results also pave the way for the future optoelectrical application of 2D TMDs materials and prompt for further investigation in the DG structured phototransistors.
A dual‐gated multilayer MoS2 phototransistor is fabricated to demonstrate an interface coupling effect (ICE) for optoelectronic applications. Various device performance parameters can be modulated based on the ICE. An ultrahigh photoresponsivity of ≈105 A W−1 and detectivity of ≈1014 Jones are achieved.
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic condition, defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure exceeding 25 mmHg at rest. According to the recent classifications, it is ...grouped into pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), heart-related, lung-related, thromboembolic, and miscellaneous PH. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have occurred in the field of PH. These include (1) development of clinical diagnostic algorithm and a monitoring strategy dedicated to PAH, (2) defining strong rationales for screening at-risk populations, (3) advent of pulmonary specific drugs which makes PAH manageable, (4) recognition of needs of having proper strategy of combining existing pulmonary specific drugs, and/or potential novel drugs, (5) pursuit of clinical trials with optimal surrogate endpoints and study durations, (6) recognition of critical roles of PH/right ventricular function, as well as interdependence of ventricles in different conditions, especially those with various phenotypes of heart failure, and (7) for rare diseases, putting equal importance on carefully designed observation studies, various registries, etc., besides double blind randomized studies. In addition, ongoing basic and clinical research has led to further understanding of relevant physiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology and genetics of PH/PAH. This guidelines from the working group of Pulmonary Hypertension of the Taiwan Society of Cardiology is to provide updated guidelines based on the most recent international guidelines as well as Taiwan’s domestic research on PH. The guidelines aremainly for themanagement of PAH (Group 1) ; however themajority of content can be helpful for managing other types of PH.
Vanadium carbides have attracted much attention as highly active catalysts in both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while a satisfactory understanding of the ...underlying mechanisms still remains a challenge. Herein we apply first-principles calculations to systematically analyze the crystal structures, electronic properties, free energies during the HER and OER processes, surface energies and crystal formation energies of the three types of vanadium carbides,
i.e.
, V
4
C
3
, V
8
C
7
and VC. We show that all these vanadium carbides are metallic, which enables efficient electron transport from the bulk to the surface of the catalysts. All these vanadium carbides exhibit excellent HER performance but show poor OER catalytic activity. In particular, the V
8
C
7
(110) surface shows the best catalytic performance for its relatively small |Δ
G
(H*)| value (−0.114 eV) for HER. Emergence of natural carbon vacancies gives rise to large surface energy, proper hydrogen adsorption energy, low crystal formation energy and weak bond strength in V
8
V
7
, which guarantees its leading position among the three vanadium carbides. In addition, a remarkable resemblance between VC/V
8
C
7
and Pt in their electronic structures on (110) and (111) surfaces are found, which indicates a Pt-like HER mechanism in these vanadium carbides. Our results thus bring new insights to the theoretical understanding of the excellent HER performance of vanadium carbides.
The origin of excellent performance of vanadium carbides (VC and V
8
V
7
) in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is revealed by first-principles calculations. It is found that the underlying mechanisms in HER/OER processes are Pt-like.
•A curing mediator, glycerol reduced salt and water contents in cured meat products.•Quantitative proteomics could identify 301 differentially abundant proteins.•Proteins involved in oxidative ...phosphorylation in EG-B10 group were upregulated.•Differentially abundant proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton were downregulated.
Although it has been ignored for some time, mediated curing has an impact on the quality of dry-cured meat products, and the understanding of such impact can be beneficial to the development of low-sodium cured meat products. In this paper, the effect of glycerol (a curing mediator) on the quality of cured meat was investigated. The results revealed that the curing mediated by glycerol could reduce the contents of salt and water and the hardness of cured meat (P < 0.05). Further, the influence of glycerol-mediated curing on muscle protein was evaluated by tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics, and the proteome profiles of tenderloin in the glycerol-mediated curing and control groups were compared. The results showed that the upregulated differentially expressed proteins (DAPs) in glycerol-mediated cured tenderloin were mainly involved in oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis pathways from the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. In addition, the downregulated DAPs were mainly involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. These DAPs and the participated pathways were related to meat characteristics. Based on the results, it is convincing that glycerol-mediated curing is an effective method for producing low-sodium cured meat products.
The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET is a compact device fabricated using fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) technology, and it ...operates with band-modulation mechanism. Due to its sharp-switching and hysteresis characteristics, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET has shown promising applications in one-transistor dynamic random access memory (1T-DRAM) and artificial spiking neuron. In this article, we develop a novel compact <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET model using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. In light of its unique gate-controlled hysteresis behavior, our model innovatively treats the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET as a hybrid-controlled voltage source, significantly simplifying the modeling process and ensuring good accuracy in circuit simulations. To capture the transient behavior of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET, a supplementary ANN (SA) model is established based on the unique gate charge storage effect and feedback mechanism of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET. Using this model, the SPICE simulation results agree well with TCAD simulations, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, we propose a methodology for modeling laboratory-manufactured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{Z}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>-FET devices based on measured data, which is crucial for the practical application of the developed model.
Neuroinflammation is recognized as an important pathogenic factor for aging and related cognitive disorders. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways may mediate ...neuroinflammation. Saponins from Panax japonicus are the most abundant and bioactive members in rhizomes of Panax japonicus, and show anti-inflammatory activity. However, it is not known whether saponin from Panax japonicus has an anti-inflammatory effect in the aging brain, and likewise its underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control groups (3-, 9-, 15-, and 24-month-old groups) and saponins from Panax japonicus-treated groups. Saponins from Panax japonicus-treated groups were orally administrated saponins from Panax japonicus at three doses of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg once daily for 6 months until the rats were 24 months old. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay results demonstrated that many microglia were activated in 24-month-old rats compared with 3- and 9-month-old rats. Expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase increased. Each dose of saponins from Panax japonicus visibly suppressed microglial activation in the aging rat brain, and inhibited expression levels of the above factors. Each dose of saponins from Panax japonicus markedly diminished levels of nuclear factor kappa B, IκBα, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. These results confirm that saponins from Panax japonicus can mitigate neuroinflammation in the aging rat brain by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways.
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